Proto-Rathmosian/Later Developments - Revision history

Psammead: /* Summary of Vowel Changes */

2024-02-19T11:41:19Z

Summary of Vowel Changes

Psammead: /* Summary of Vowel Changes */

2022-12-24T10:15:18Z

Summary of Vowel Changes

@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
 |-
 ! Change !! ''kupakuren'' <br> "smell" (loc.pl.) !! ''feyhilep'' <br> "fighter" (dat.sg.) || ''gawuya'' <br> "feast" (gen.sg.) || ''reykitset'' <br> "he loves you" || ''pupurad'' <br> "it glistened"
 |-
 | unstressed ''e > i'' || ''kupakurin'' || ''feyhilip'' || ''gawuya'' || ''reykitsit''
@@ Line 136: / Line 138: @@
 | wf. ''-t'' lost || || || || ''reykitsi''
 |-
-| i-mutation of ''e'' || || ''fiyhilip'' || || ''riykitsi''
+| i-mutation of ''e, ey, ew'' || || ''fiyhilip'' || || ''riykitsi''
 |-
 | intervocalic ''y'' lost || || || ||
@@ Line 149: / Line 151: @@
 |-
 | final-syllable long vowels > short vowels || || || ''gawi'' > ''gäwi'' ||
 |}

Psammead: /* Rathmos Changes */

2022-12-24T09:38:44Z

Rathmos Changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:38, 24 December 2022
Line 96:		Line 96:
	* ''Cy'' > ''CC'', except ''ry''		* ''Cy'' > ''CC'', except ''ry''
	* ''g'' > /ɣ/ in most positions, except ''ng, gg''		* ''g'' > /ɣ/ in most positions, except ''ng, gg''
			* ''ts > ''ss''
	* ''p, t, k'' > ''f, þ, h'' and ''b, d > v, ð'' before ''n, m, l, r''		* ''p, t, k'' > ''f, þ, h'' and ''b, d > v, ð'' before ''n, m, l, r''
	* ''a(a)'' and ''ay'' raised to ''ä(ä), äy'' except before ''-n, -m'' or before a back vowel (''a(a), o(o), u(u)'') in the next syllable		* ''a(a)'' and ''ay'' raised to ''ä(ä), äy'' except before ''-n, -m'' or before a back vowel (''a(a), o(o), u(u)'') in the next syllable
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	* nasal vowels merge with non-nasal counterparts		* nasal vowels merge with non-nasal counterparts
	* stressed ''ä, e, i'' > ''äw, ew, iw'' before ''-w, -lC, rC''		* stressed ''ä, e, i'' > ''äw, ew, iw'' before ''-w, -lC, rC''
	* changes to diphthongs: ''ay > ae, aw > ao, äy > äe, äw > äo, ey > ee, ew > eo, uy		* changes to diphthongs: ''ay > ae, aw > ao, äy > äe, äw > äo > ea, ey > ee, ew > eo, iy > ii, iw > iü, uw > uu, uy > uü.
	* ''k, g, sk'' palatalised to ''ch'' /t͡ʃ/, ''ȝ'' /ʝ/, ''sh'' /ʃ/ (a) before a front vowel (''ä, e, i, ü'') or ''y'', or (b) after ''e, i'' except when followed by a back vowel: ''negara > neger > neȝer'' but ''neganta > negan''		* ''k, g, sk'' palatalised to ''ch'' /t͡ʃ/, ''ȝ'' /ʝ/, ''sh'' /ʃ/ (a) before a front vowel (''ä, e, i, ü'') or ''y'', or (b) after ''e, i'' except when followed by a back vowel: ''negara > neger > neȝer'' but ''neganta > negan''
	* i-mutation: ''a(a) > ä(ä), e(e) > i(i), o(o) > ö(ö), u(u) > ü(ü)'' before ''i, y'' in next syllable		* i-mutation: ''a(a) > ä(ä), e(e) > i(i), o(o) > ö(ö), u(u) > ü(ü)'' before ''i, y'' in next syllable
Line 109:		Line 110:
	** medial syllable: ''a, ä, e'' lost, ''i, u'' lost after heavy syllable, > ''e'' after light syllable, ''oo'' > ''o'', other long vowels > short		** medial syllable: ''a, ä, e'' lost, ''i, u'' lost after heavy syllable, > ''e'' after light syllable, ''oo'' > ''o'', other long vowels > short
	** final syllable: ''ä, i'' > ''e'', ''uC'' > ''oC'', ''oo > u'', other long vowels > short		** final syllable: ''ä, i'' > ''e'', ''uC'' > ''oC'', ''oo > u'', other long vowels > short
			* medial ''h'' lost before vowels and consonants with compensatory lengthening
			* medial ''f, s'' > ''v, z'', ''ss > s''

	===Carrick Changes===		===Carrick Changes===

Psammead: /* Summary of Vowel Changes */

2022-12-22T16:04:47Z

Summary of Vowel Changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:04, 22 December 2022
Line 123:		Line 123:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~Pr-Rs~~ !! ~~Header text~~ !! ~~Header text~~		! Change !! ''kupakuren'' <br> "smell" (loc.pl.) !! ''feyhilep'' <br> "fighter" (dat.sg.) \|\| ''gawuya'' <br> "feast" (gen.sg.) \|\| ''reykitset'' <br> "he loves you" \|\| ''pupurad'' <br> "it glistened"
	\|-		\|-
	\| a \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		\| unstressed ''e > i'' \|\| ''kupakurin'' \|\| ''feyhilip'' \|\| ''gawuya'' \|\| ''reykitsit''
	\|-		\|-
	\| e \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		\| wf. ''-a, -e'' lost \|\| \|\| \|\| ''gawuy'' \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| i \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		\| wf. ''-n, -m'' lost \|\| ''kupakurį'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| u \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		\| wf. ''-t'' lost \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| ''reykitsi''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ə \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		\| i-mutation of ''e'' \|\| \|\| ''fiyhilip'' \|\| \|\| ''riykitsi''
	\|-		\|-
	\| aa \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		\| intervocalic ''y'' lost \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| ee \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		\| wf. oral short vowels lost \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| ''riykits''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ii \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		\| i-mutation of ''a, u'' \|\| ''kupakürį'' \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| uu \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		\| a-mutation of ''u'' \|\| ''kopakürį'' \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
			\| unstressed diphthongs > long vowels \|\| \|\| \|\| ''gawüü'' \|\|
			\|-
			\| final-syllable long vowels > short vowels \|\| \|\| \|\| ''gawi'' > ''gäwi'' \|\|
	\|}		\|}

Psammead: /* Common Changes */

2022-12-22T15:12:50Z

Common Changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:12, 22 December 2022
Line 12:		Line 12:
	* final-syllable long vowels shortened		* final-syllable long vowels shortened

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
	\|-		\|-
	! Pr-Rs!! Stressed !! Unstressed !! Word-Final !! i-mutated \|\| -n/-m		! Pr-Rs!! Stressed !! Unstressed !! Word-Final !! i-mutated \|\| -n/-m
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	The changes described above resulted in the following vowel inventory for the late common period:		The changes described above resulted in the following vowel inventory for the late common period:

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="2;" \| !! colspan="2;" \| Front !! Central !! Back		! rowspan="2;" \| !! colspan="2;" \| Front !! Central !! Back
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	\|-		\|-
	! Close		! Close
	\|\| ''i'' /i/ <br> ''ii'' /iː/ <br> ''į'' /ĩ/ \|\| ü /y/ \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~		\|\| ''i'' /i/ <br>''ii'' /iː/ <br> ''į'' /ĩ/ \|\| ''ü'' /y/ <br> ''üü'' /yː/ \|\| \|\| ''u'' /u/ <br> ''uu'' /uː/ <br> ''ų'' /ũ/
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~ \|~~\| Example~~		! Mid
			\|\| ''e'' /e/ <br> ''ee'' /eː/ <br> ''ę'' /ẽ/ \|\| ''ö'' /ø/ <br> ''öö'' /øː/ \|\| ''ə'' /ə/ \|\| ''o'' /o/ <br> ''oo'' /oː/ <br> ''ǫ'' /õ/
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example~~		! Open
	\|-		\| ''ä'' /æ/ <br> ''ää'' /æː/ \|\| \|\| ''a'' /a/ <br> ''aa'' /aː/ <br> ''ą'' /ã/ \|\|
	\| ~~Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example~~
	\|-
	~~\| Example \|\| Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~ \|\| ~~Example~~
	\|}		\|}


	===Rathmos Changes===		===Rathmos Changes===

Psammead at 14:54, 22 December 2022

2022-12-22T14:54:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:54, 22 December 2022
Line 17:		Line 17:
	\|-		\|-
	! a		! a
	\|\| a \|\| \|\| a / - \|\| ä \|\| ą		\| colspan="2;" \| a \|\| a / - \|\| ä \|\| ą
	\|-		\|-
	! e		! e
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	\|-		\|-
	! i		! i
	\| ~~i \|~~\| i \|\| i / - \|\| \|\| į		\| colspan="2;" \| i \|\| i / - \|\| \|\| į
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="2;" \| u		! rowspan="2;" \| u
	\| ~~u \|~~\| u \|\| u / - \|\| ü \|\| ų		\| colspan="2;" \| u \|\| u / - \|\| ü \|\| ų
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~o \|~~\| o \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| colspan="2;" \| o (bef. ''a'') \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! ə		! ə
	\| ~~ə \|~~\| ə \|\| \|\| \|\| ę		\| colspan="2;" \| ə \|\| \|\| \|\| ę
	\|-		\|-
	! aa		! aa
Line 72:		Line 72:
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

			The changes described above resulted in the following vowel inventory for the late common period:

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! rowspan="2;" \| !! colspan="2;" \| Front !! Central !! Back
			\|-
			! -Round !! +Round !! -Round !! +Round
			\|-
			! Close
			\|\| ''i'' /i/ <br> ''ii'' /iː/ <br> ''į'' /ĩ/ \|\| ü /y/ \|\| Example \|\| Example
			\|-
			\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example
			\|-
			\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example
			\|-
			\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example
			\|-
			\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example \|\| Example
			\|}


	===Rathmos Changes===		===Rathmos Changes===

Psammead: /* Common Changes */

2022-12-22T11:32:25Z

Common Changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:32, 22 December 2022
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	\|-		\|-
	! ew		! ew
	\| ew \|\| öö\|\| ö \|\| iw \|\| -ǫ		\| ew \|\| öö \|\| e \|\| iw \|\| -ę
	\|-		\|-
	! iw		! iw
	\| iw \|\| üü \|\| ü \|\| iw \|\| -ų		\| iw \|\| üü \|\| i \|\| iw \|\| -į
	\|-		\|-
	! uw		! uw
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	\|-		\|-
	! uy		! uy
	\| uy \|\| üü \|\| ü \|\| uy \|\| -ų		\| uy \|\| üü \|\| i \|\| uy \|\| -ų
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

Psammead at 11:20, 22 December 2022

2022-12-22T11:20:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 22 December 2022
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	\|-		\|-
	! aa		! aa
	\|\| colspan="2;" \| aa \|\| a \|\| ää \|\| ą		\| colspan="2;" \| aa \|\| a \|\| ää \|\| ą
	\|-		\|-
	! ee		! ee

Psammead at 11:20, 22 December 2022

2022-12-22T11:20:35Z

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 ! ə
 | ə || ə ||  || || ę
 |-
 ! aw

Psammead at 10:52, 22 December 2022

2022-12-22T10:52:47Z

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 * unstressed diphthongs become long vowels: ''aw > oo, ay > ee, ew > oo, ey > ee''
 * final-syllable long vowels shortened
 ===Rathmos Changes===
@@ Line 40: / Line 87: @@
 * devoicing of word-final consonants
 * ''mp, nk, nt > pp, kk, tt''

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:41, 19 February 2024
Line 128:		Line 128:
	! Change !! ''kupakuren'' <br> "smell" (loc.pl.) !! ''feyhilep'' <br> "fighter" (dat.sg.) \|\| ''gawuya'' <br> "feast" (gen.sg.) \|\| ''reykitset'' <br> "he loves you" \|\| ''pupurad'' <br> "it glistened"		! Change !! ''kupakuren'' <br> "smell" (loc.pl.) !! ''feyhilep'' <br> "fighter" (dat.sg.) \|\| ''gawuya'' <br> "feast" (gen.sg.) \|\| ''reykitset'' <br> "he loves you" \|\| ''pupurad'' <br> "it glistened"
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="5;" \| Common		! colspan="6;" \| Common
	\|-		\|-
	\| unstressed ''e > i'' \|\| ''kupakurin'' \|\| ''feyhilip'' \|\| ''gawuya'' \|\| ''reykitsit''		\| unstressed ''e > i'' \|\| ''kupakurin'' \|\| ''feyhilip'' \|\| ''gawuya'' \|\| ''reykitsit'' \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| wf. ''-a, -e'' lost \|\| \|\| \|\| ''gawuy'' \|\| \|\|		\| wf. ''-a, -e'' lost \|\| \|\| \|\| ''gawuy'' \|\| \|\|
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	\| wf. ''-n, -m'' lost \|\| ''kupakurį'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| wf. ''-n, -m'' lost \|\| ''kupakurį'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| wf. ''-t'' lost \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| ''reykitsi''		\| wf. ''-t'' lost \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| ''reykitsi'' \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| i-mutation of ''e, ey, ew'' \|\| \|\| ''fiyhilip'' \|\| \|\| ''riykitsi''		\| i-mutation of ''e, ey, ew'' \|\| \|\| ''fiyhilip'' \|\| \|\| ''riykitsi'' \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| intervocalic ''y'' lost \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| intervocalic ''y'' lost \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| wf. oral short vowels lost \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| ''riykits''		\| wf. oral short vowels lost \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| ''riykits'' \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| i-mutation of ''a, u'' \|\| ''kupakürį'' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| i-mutation of ''a, u'' \|\| ''kupakürį'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| a-mutation of ''u'' \|\| ''kopakürį'' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| a-mutation of ''u'' \|\| ''kopakürį'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| ''puporad''
	\|-		\|-
	\| unstressed diphthongs > long vowels \|\| \|\| \|\| ''gawüü'' \|\|		\| unstressed diphthongs > long vowels \|\| \|\| \|\| ''gawüü'' \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| final-syllable long vowels > short vowels \|\| \|\| \|\| ''gawi'' > ''gäwi'' \|\|		\| final-syllable long vowels > short vowels \|\| \|\| \|\| ''gawi'' > ''gäwi'' \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="5;" \| Rathmos		! colspan="6;" \| Rathmos
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''ə(ə) > e(e)'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| ''ə(ə) > e(e)'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|
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	\| ''p, t, k'' > ''f, þ, h'' and ''b, d'' > ''v, ð'' bef. ''n, m, l, r'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| ''p, t, k'' > ''f, þ, h'' and ''b, d'' > ''v, ð'' bef. ''n, m, l, r'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| fronting of ''a(a), ay'' \|\| ''kopäkürį'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| fronting of ''a(a), ay'' \|\| ''kopäkürį'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| ''puporäd''
	\|-		\|-
	\| wf. ''-a'' lost \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| wf. ''-a'' lost \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|
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	\| ''h'' loss \|\| \|\| ''fíylep'' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| ''h'' loss \|\| \|\| ''fíylep'' \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| medial ''f, s > v, z'', all ''ss > s'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| ''riiches''		\| medial ''f, s > v, z'', all ''ss > s'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| ''riiches'' \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| Rathmosian \|\| ''copchyr'' \|\| ''fíylep'' \|\| ''ȝeawe'' \|\| ''ríches''		\| Rathmosian \|\| ''copchyr'' \|\| ''fíylep'' \|\| ''ȝeawe'' \|\| ''ríches'' \|\| ''pupored''
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="5;" \| Carrick		! colspan="6;" \| Carrick
	\|-		\|-
	\| ə(ə) > a(a) \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| ə(ə) > a(a) \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|
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	\| unstressed long vowels shortened \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| unstressed long vowels shortened \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| loss of most unstressed vowels \|\| ''kopkür'' \|\| ''fílp'' \|\| \|\|		\| loss of most unstressed vowels \|\| ''kopkür'' \|\| ''fílp'' \|\| \|\| ''riyks'' \|\| ''pupräd''
	\|-		\|-
	\| wf. consonants devoiced \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| wf. consonants devoiced \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| ''puprät''
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''mp, nk, nt > pp, kk, tt'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| ''mp, nk, nt > pp, kk, tt'' \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| Carrick \|\| ''kopkür'' \|\| ''fílp'' \|\| ''gew'' \|\|		\| Carrick \|\| ''kopkür'' \|\| ''fílp'' \|\| ''gew'' \|\| ''ríks'' \|\| ''puprät''
	\|}		\|}