Reardish - Revision history

Melinoë at 19:35, 8 May 2025

2025-05-08T19:35:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:35, 8 May 2025
Line 168:		Line 168:
	* [[Reardish/Phrasebook\|Phrases]]		* [[Reardish/Phrasebook\|Phrases]]
	* [[:Category:Reardish lemmas\|lemmas]]		* [[:Category:Reardish lemmas\|lemmas]]

			==See also==
			[[Reardic creole]]

	[[Category:Reardish]]		[[Category:Reardish]]
	[[Category:Languages]]		[[Category:Languages]]
	[[Category:Conlangs]]		[[Category:Conlangs]]

Melinoë at 21:31, 5 May 2025

2025-05-05T21:31:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:31, 5 May 2025
Line 2:		Line 2:
	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name=Reardish		\|name=Reardish
	\|nativename=''~~Reoþþisco ·~~ Reoððisco''		\|nativename=''Reoððisco''
	\|pronunciation={{IPA\|reo̯ð.ðis.ko}}		\|pronunciation={{IPA\|reo̯ð.ðis.ko}}
	\|creator=[[User:Wfeozawra\|wfosøra]]		\|creator=[[User:Wfeozawra\|wfosøra]]
Line 20:		Line 20:
	{{Reardish topics}}		{{Reardish topics}}

	'''Reardish''' ([[w:endonym\|Autonym]]: ''~~Reoþþisco~~''; <small>Reardish: [[w:IPA chart\|[reo̯ð.ðis.ko]]]</small>) is a [[w:Germanic language\|Germanic language]] spoken throughout Britain, with its native population mostly centered around southern to middle England.		'''Reardish''' ([[w:endonym\|Autonym]]: ''Reoððisco''; <small>Reardish: [[w:IPA chart\|[reo̯ð.ðis.ko]]]</small>) is a [[w:Germanic language\|Germanic language]] spoken throughout Britain, with its native population mostly centered around southern to middle England.

	Though a descendant of Proto-Germanic, it developed alongside Old English, leading it to experience many of the same sound changes, though it lacks several that would allow it a closer classification, it cannot even be considered [[w:West Germanic\|West Germanic]]. As such, it must be placed in its own branch, typically one called ''Reardic''.{{efn\|It is unclear whether Reardic as a family is valid due to the early form still largely being intelligible with the modern language, thus leading most linguists to simply place Reardish as a divergent descendant of Proto-Germanic, rather than giving it a specific familial classification.}}		Though a descendant of Proto-Germanic, it developed alongside Old English, leading it to experience many of the same sound changes, though it lacks several that would allow it a closer classification, it cannot even be considered [[w:West Germanic\|West Germanic]]. As such, it must be placed in its own branch, typically one called ''Reardic''.{{efn\|It is unclear whether Reardic as a family is valid due to the early form still largely being intelligible with the modern language, thus leading most linguists to simply place Reardish as a divergent descendant of Proto-Germanic, rather than giving it a specific familial classification.}}
Line 27:		Line 27:

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
	''~~Reoþþisco~~'', a compound of ''{{term\|rāþþo}}'' and ''{{term\|-isco}}'', roughly means "pertaining to language", though ''-isco'', the feminine singular of ''{{term\|-isċ}}'', is largely used to mean 'of our people', which often replaces ''{{term\|þēodisċ}}'', understanding this leads to the meaning "The language of our people", or more simply, "Our language".		''Reoððisco'', a compound of ''{{term\|rāþþo}}'' and ''{{term\|-isco}}'', roughly means "pertaining to language", though ''-isco'', the feminine singular of ''{{term\|-isċ}}'', is largely used to mean 'of our people', which often replaces ''{{term\|þēodisċ}}'', understanding this leads to the meaning "The language of our people", or more simply, "Our language".

	''Reardish'', the English name, is a cognate based borrowing, with ''reard'' being the direct English cognate to ''rāþþo'' (the root of ''~~reoþþ~~'' in the native name)		''Reardish'', the English name, is a cognate based borrowing, with ''reard'' being the direct English cognate to ''rāþþo'' (the root of ''reoðð'' in the native name)
	==History==		==History==
	{{Main\|History of Reardish}}		{{Main\|History of Reardish}}

Melinoë: /* Phonology */

2025-05-02T16:15:31Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:15, 2 May 2025
Line 40:		Line 40:

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
			{{Main\|Reardish phonology}}
	Stress lies on the first syllable unless a stressed prefix is added, in which case the stress stays with the root word and the prefix is given secondary stress.		Stress lies on the first syllable unless a stressed prefix is added, in which case the stress stays with the root word and the prefix is given secondary stress.
	===Consonants===		===Consonants===

Melinoë at 16:14, 2 May 2025

2025-05-02T16:14:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:14, 2 May 2025
Line 20:		Line 20:
	{{Reardish topics}}		{{Reardish topics}}

	'''Reardish''' ([[w:endonym\|Autonym]]: ''Reoþþisco''; <small>Reardish: [[w:IPA chart\|[reo̯ð.ðis.ko]]]</small>) is a [[w:Germanic language\|Germanic language]] spoken throughout Britain~~. Its~~ native population is mostly centered around southern to middle England.		'''Reardish''' ([[w:endonym\|Autonym]]: ''Reoþþisco''; <small>Reardish: [[w:IPA chart\|[reo̯ð.ðis.ko]]]</small>) is a [[w:Germanic language\|Germanic language]] spoken throughout Britain, with its native population mostly centered around southern to middle England.

	Though a descendant of Proto-Germanic, it developed alongside Old English, leading it to experience many of the same sound changes, though it lacks several that would allow it a closer classification, it cannot even be considered [[w:West Germanic\|West Germanic]]. As such, it must be placed in its own branch, typically one called ''Reardic''.{{efn\|It is unclear whether Reardic as a family is valid due to the early form still largely being intelligible with the modern language, thus leading most linguists to simply place Reardish as a divergent descendant of Proto-Germanic, rather than giving it a specific familial classification.}}		Though a descendant of Proto-Germanic, it developed alongside Old English, leading it to experience many of the same sound changes, though it lacks several that would allow it a closer classification, it cannot even be considered [[w:West Germanic\|West Germanic]]. As such, it must be placed in its own branch, typically one called ''Reardic''.{{efn\|It is unclear whether Reardic as a family is valid due to the early form still largely being intelligible with the modern language, thus leading most linguists to simply place Reardish as a divergent descendant of Proto-Germanic, rather than giving it a specific familial classification.}}

	Today, Reardish is typically written in the Latin alphabet, ~~still~~ using the Insular script, the alphabet is near-identical to that of Old English. In many artistic works, and quite often in elders, Anglo-Frisian runes are still used. Efforts to reinstate runes have been successful, leading to nearly all government issued writings (letters, signs, documents, etc) being offered in both scripts.		Today, Reardish is typically written in the Latin alphabet, using the Insular script, the alphabet is near-identical to that of [[w:Old English Latin alphabet\|Old English]]. In many artistic works, and quite often in elders, [[w:Anglo-Frisian runes\|Anglo-Frisian runes]] are still used. Efforts to reinstate runes have been successful, leading to nearly all government issued writings (letters, signs, documents, etc) being offered in both scripts.

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==

Melinoë at 15:10, 2 May 2025

2025-05-02T15:10:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 2 May 2025
Line 20:		Line 20:
	{{Reardish topics}}		{{Reardish topics}}

	'''Reardish''' ([[w:endonym\|Autonym]]: ''Reoþþisco''; <small>Reardish: [[w:IPA chart\|[reo̯ð.ðis.ko]]]</small>) is a [[w:Germanic language\|Germanic language]] spoken throughout Britain. Its native population is mostly centered around southern to middle England~~. Though a descendant of Proto-Germanic, it developed alongside Old English, leading to its divergence~~.		'''Reardish''' ([[w:endonym\|Autonym]]: ''Reoþþisco''; <small>Reardish: [[w:IPA chart\|[reo̯ð.ðis.ko]]]</small>) is a [[w:Germanic language\|Germanic language]] spoken throughout Britain. Its native population is mostly centered around southern to middle England.

	~~Having~~ developed alongside Old English, ~~Reardish experienced~~ many of the same sound changes ~~as Old English~~, though it lacks several that would allow it a classification ~~closer to Old English~~, it cannot even be ~~classed as~~ [[w:West Germanic\|West Germanic]] ~~due to it lacking some of the family's distinctive sound changes~~. As such, it must be placed in its own branch, typically one called ~~the "~~Reardic~~" branch~~.{{efn\|It is unclear whether Reardic as a family is valid due to the early form still largely being intelligible with the modern language, thus leading most linguists to simply place Reardish as a divergent descendant of Proto-Germanic, rather than giving it a specific familial classification.}}		Though a descendant of Proto-Germanic, it developed alongside Old English, leading it to experience many of the same sound changes, though it lacks several that would allow it a closer classification, it cannot even be considered [[w:West Germanic\|West Germanic]]. As such, it must be placed in its own branch, typically one called ''Reardic''.{{efn\|It is unclear whether Reardic as a family is valid due to the early form still largely being intelligible with the modern language, thus leading most linguists to simply place Reardish as a divergent descendant of Proto-Germanic, rather than giving it a specific familial classification.}}

	Today, Reardish is typically written in the Latin alphabet, still using the Insular script, the alphabet is near-identical to that of Old English. In many artistic works, and quite often in elders, Anglo-Frisian runes are still used. Efforts to reinstate runes have been successful, leading to nearly all government issued writings (letters, signs, documents, etc) being offered in both scripts.		Today, Reardish is typically written in the Latin alphabet, still using the Insular script, the alphabet is near-identical to that of Old English. In many artistic works, and quite often in elders, Anglo-Frisian runes are still used. Efforts to reinstate runes have been successful, leading to nearly all government issued writings (letters, signs, documents, etc) being offered in both scripts.

Melinoë: /* Grammar */

2025-05-02T15:01:20Z

Grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:01, 2 May 2025
Line 144:		Line 144:
	{{Main\|Reardish grammar}}		{{Main\|Reardish grammar}}

	Nouns decline for five cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental. (A sixth case, the vocative, is highly contentious.); three genders: masculine, feminine, neuter; and two numbers; singular, and plural (Reardish has a fully in tact duel declension, but it is only in pronouns and verbs).		Nouns decline for five cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental. (A sixth case, the vocative, is highly contentious.); three genders: masculine, feminine, neuter; and two numbers: singular, and plural (Reardish has a fully in tact duel declension, but it is only in pronouns and verbs).

	Pronouns decline largely the same as nouns, except for having a duel in the first and second persons. The plural third person pronouns have been entirely leveled, so the masculine, feminine, and neuter third person plurals decline identically, though a formal "Archaic masculine" is retained, and has been shifting to have the usage of a formal third person plural.{{efn\|In casual speech, this "Archaic masculine" is instead used as an inanimate pronoun, effectively shifting it to an animacy distinction.}}		Pronouns decline largely the same as nouns, except for having a duel in the first and second persons. The plural third person pronouns have been entirely leveled, so the masculine, feminine, and neuter third person plurals decline identically, though a formal "Archaic masculine" is retained, and has been shifting to have the usage of a formal third person plural.{{efn\|In casual speech, this "Archaic masculine" is instead used as an inanimate pronoun, effectively shifting it to an animacy distinction.}}

Melinoë: /* History */

2025-05-02T14:59:45Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 2 May 2025
Line 32:		Line 32:
	==History==		==History==
	{{Main\|History of Reardish}}		{{Main\|History of Reardish}}
	Reardish can be roughly split into three stages, those being ''Archaic Reardish''{{efn\|(Also called Proto-Reardish, or, informally, Pseudo-West Germanic)}}, ''Anglic-Reardish''{{efn\|(This stage has several names, none of which are considered standard, most linguists will default to ''Middle Reardish''. ''Anglic-Reardish'' will be used here due to its parallel development to Old English)}}, and ''Modern Reardish''{{efn\|(Many, especially English-speaking peoples distanced from the Reardish-speaking population, may call this ''Pseudo-Anglo-Saxon'' or ''Pseudo-Old-English'', these terms are rejected in academic circles by scholars of history and linguists alike due to the language's, and the people's, unique history and development, as well as the potentially demeaning undertones of such terms implying that they and their language are simply "fake English")}}. Modern Reardish is largely mutually intelligible with Old English, as well as Proto-Germanic. The intelligibility between Modern Reardish and Proto-Germanic is not one of ease, though it is not to the extent of Modern English to Old English, as the understanding does exist even without study, but it takes far higher effort and time for a Modern Reardish speaker to understand Proto-Germanic, the largely intact grammar system lending itself to this understanding being possible.		Reardish can be roughly split into three stages, those being ''Archaic Reardish''{{efn\|Also called Proto-Reardish, or, informally, Pseudo-West Germanic}}, ''Anglic-Reardish''{{efn\|This stage has several names, none of which are considered standard, most linguists will default to ''Middle Reardish''. ''Anglic-Reardish'' will be used here due to its parallel development to Old English}}, and ''Modern Reardish''{{efn\|Many, especially English-speaking peoples distanced from the Reardish-speaking population, may call this ''Pseudo-Anglo-Saxon'' or ''Pseudo-Old-English'', these terms are rejected in academic circles by scholars of history and linguists alike due to the language's, and the people's, unique history and development, as well as the potentially demeaning undertones of such terms implying that they and their language are simply "fake English"}}. Modern Reardish is largely mutually intelligible with Old English, as well as Proto-Germanic. The intelligibility between Modern Reardish and Proto-Germanic is not one of ease, though it is not to the extent of Modern English to Old English, as the understanding does exist even without study, but it takes far higher effort and time for a Modern Reardish speaker to understand Proto-Germanic, the largely intact grammar system lending itself to this understanding being possible.

	==Dialects==		==Dialects==

Melinoë at 14:51, 2 May 2025

2025-05-02T14:51:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:51, 2 May 2025
Line 10:		Line 10:
	\|ancestor1=Proto-Indo-European		\|ancestor1=Proto-Indo-European
	\|ancestor2=Proto-Germanic		\|ancestor2=Proto-Germanic
	\|ancestor3=~~Early~~ Reardish (Or "Proto-Reardish")		\|ancestor3=Archaic Reardish (Or "Proto-Reardish")
	\|ethnicity=Reardish people		\|ethnicity=Reardish people
	\|region=England (Spread throughout, especially in southern England)		\|region=England (Spread throughout, especially in southern England)

Melinoë: /* History */

2025-05-02T14:50:20Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:50, 2 May 2025
Line 32:		Line 32:
	==History==		==History==
	{{Main\|History of Reardish}}		{{Main\|History of Reardish}}
	Reardish can be roughly split into three stages, those being ''Archaic Reardish''{{efn\|(Also called Proto-Reardish, or, informally, Pseudo-West Germanic)}}, ''Anglic-Reardish''{{efn\|(This stage has several names, none of which are considered standard, most linguists will default to ''Middle Reardish''. ''Anglic-Reardish'' will be used here due to its parallel development to Old English)}}, and ''Modern Reardish''{{efn\|(Many, especially English-speaking peoples distanced from the Reardish-speaking population, may call this ''Pseudo-Anglo-Saxon'' or ''Pseudo-Old-English'', these terms are rejected in academic circles by scholars of history and linguists alike due to the language's, and the people's, unique history and development, as well as the potentially demeaning undertones of such terms implying that they and their language are simply "fake English")}}. Modern Reardish is largely mutually intelligible with Old English, as well as Proto-Germanic~~, the~~ intelligibility between Modern Reardish and Proto-Germanic is not one of ease, it is not to the extent of Modern English to Old English, as the understanding does exist even without study, but it takes far higher effort and time for a Modern Reardish speaker to understand Proto-Germanic, the largely intact grammar system ~~lends~~ to this understanding being possible.		Reardish can be roughly split into three stages, those being ''Archaic Reardish''{{efn\|(Also called Proto-Reardish, or, informally, Pseudo-West Germanic)}}, ''Anglic-Reardish''{{efn\|(This stage has several names, none of which are considered standard, most linguists will default to ''Middle Reardish''. ''Anglic-Reardish'' will be used here due to its parallel development to Old English)}}, and ''Modern Reardish''{{efn\|(Many, especially English-speaking peoples distanced from the Reardish-speaking population, may call this ''Pseudo-Anglo-Saxon'' or ''Pseudo-Old-English'', these terms are rejected in academic circles by scholars of history and linguists alike due to the language's, and the people's, unique history and development, as well as the potentially demeaning undertones of such terms implying that they and their language are simply "fake English")}}. Modern Reardish is largely mutually intelligible with Old English, as well as Proto-Germanic. The intelligibility between Modern Reardish and Proto-Germanic is not one of ease, though it is not to the extent of Modern English to Old English, as the understanding does exist even without study, but it takes far higher effort and time for a Modern Reardish speaker to understand Proto-Germanic, the largely intact grammar system lending itself to this understanding being possible.

	==Dialects==		==Dialects==

Melinoë at 14:48, 2 May 2025

2025-05-02T14:48:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 2 May 2025
Line 22:		Line 22:
	'''Reardish''' ([[w:endonym\|Autonym]]: ''Reoþþisco''; <small>Reardish: [[w:IPA chart\|[reo̯ð.ðis.ko]]]</small>) is a [[w:Germanic language\|Germanic language]] spoken throughout Britain. Its native population is mostly centered around southern to middle England. Though a descendant of Proto-Germanic, it developed alongside Old English, leading to its divergence.		'''Reardish''' ([[w:endonym\|Autonym]]: ''Reoþþisco''; <small>Reardish: [[w:IPA chart\|[reo̯ð.ðis.ko]]]</small>) is a [[w:Germanic language\|Germanic language]] spoken throughout Britain. Its native population is mostly centered around southern to middle England. Though a descendant of Proto-Germanic, it developed alongside Old English, leading to its divergence.

	Having developed alongside Old English, Reardish experienced many of the same sound changes as Old English, though it lacks several that would allow it a classification closer to Old English, it cannot even be classed as [[w:West Germanic\|West Germanic]] due to it lacking some of the family's distinctive sound changes. As such, it must be placed in its own branch, typically one called the "Reardic" branch. It is unclear whether Reardic as a family is valid due to the early form still largely being intelligible with the modern language, thus leading most linguists to simply place Reardish as a divergent descendant of Proto-Germanic, rather than giving it a specific familial classification.		Having developed alongside Old English, Reardish experienced many of the same sound changes as Old English, though it lacks several that would allow it a classification closer to Old English, it cannot even be classed as [[w:West Germanic\|West Germanic]] due to it lacking some of the family's distinctive sound changes. As such, it must be placed in its own branch, typically one called the "Reardic" branch.{{efn\|It is unclear whether Reardic as a family is valid due to the early form still largely being intelligible with the modern language, thus leading most linguists to simply place Reardish as a divergent descendant of Proto-Germanic, rather than giving it a specific familial classification.}}

	Today, Reardish is typically written in the Latin alphabet, still using the Insular script, the alphabet is near-~~identicle~~ to that of Old English. In many artistic works, and quite often in elders, Anglo-Frisian runes are still used. Efforts to reinstate runes have been successful, leading to nearly all government issued writings (letters, signs, documents, etc) being offered in both scripts.		Today, Reardish is typically written in the Latin alphabet, still using the Insular script, the alphabet is near-identical to that of Old English. In many artistic works, and quite often in elders, Anglo-Frisian runes are still used. Efforts to reinstate runes have been successful, leading to nearly all government issued writings (letters, signs, documents, etc) being offered in both scripts.

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
Line 32:		Line 32:
	==History==		==History==
	{{Main\|History of Reardish}}		{{Main\|History of Reardish}}
	Reardish can be roughly split into three stages, those being ''Archaic Reardish'' (Also called Proto-Reardish, or, informally, Pseudo-West Germanic), ''Anglic-Reardish'' (This stage has several names, none of which are considered standard, most linguists will default to ''Middle Reardish''. ''Anglic-Reardish'' will be used here due to its parallel development to Old English), and ''Modern Reardish'' (Many, especially English-speaking peoples distanced from the Reardish-speaking population, may call this ''Pseudo-Anglo-Saxon'' or ''Pseudo-Old-English'', these terms are rejected in academic circles by scholars of history and linguists alike due to the language's, and the people's, unique history and development, as well as the potentially demeaning undertones of such terms implying that they and their language are simply "fake English")		Reardish can be roughly split into three stages, those being ''Archaic Reardish''{{efn\|(Also called Proto-Reardish, or, informally, Pseudo-West Germanic)}}, ''Anglic-Reardish''{{efn\|(This stage has several names, none of which are considered standard, most linguists will default to ''Middle Reardish''. ''Anglic-Reardish'' will be used here due to its parallel development to Old English)}}, and ''Modern Reardish''{{efn\|(Many, especially English-speaking peoples distanced from the Reardish-speaking population, may call this ''Pseudo-Anglo-Saxon'' or ''Pseudo-Old-English'', these terms are rejected in academic circles by scholars of history and linguists alike due to the language's, and the people's, unique history and development, as well as the potentially demeaning undertones of such terms implying that they and their language are simply "fake English")}}. Modern Reardish is largely mutually intelligible with Old English, as well as Proto-Germanic, the intelligibility between Modern Reardish and Proto-Germanic is not one of ease, it is not to the extent of Modern English to Old English, as the understanding does exist even without study, but it takes far higher effort and time for a Modern Reardish speaker to understand Proto-Germanic, the largely intact grammar system lends to this understanding being possible.

	==Dialects==		==Dialects==
Line 146:		Line 146:
	Nouns decline for five cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental. (A sixth case, the vocative, is highly contentious.); three genders: masculine, feminine, neuter; and two numbers; singular, and plural (Reardish has a fully in tact duel declension, but it is only in pronouns and verbs).		Nouns decline for five cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental. (A sixth case, the vocative, is highly contentious.); three genders: masculine, feminine, neuter; and two numbers; singular, and plural (Reardish has a fully in tact duel declension, but it is only in pronouns and verbs).

	Pronouns decline largely the same as nouns, except for having a duel in the first and second persons. The plural third person pronouns have been entirely leveled, so the masculine, feminine, and neuter third person plurals decline identically, though a formal "Archaic masculine" is retained, and has been shifting to have the usage of a formal third person plural. In casual speech, this "Archaic masculine" is instead used as an inanimate pronoun, effectively shifting it to an animacy distinction.		Pronouns decline largely the same as nouns, except for having a duel in the first and second persons. The plural third person pronouns have been entirely leveled, so the masculine, feminine, and neuter third person plurals decline identically, though a formal "Archaic masculine" is retained, and has been shifting to have the usage of a formal third person plural.{{efn\|In casual speech, this "Archaic masculine" is instead used as an inanimate pronoun, effectively shifting it to an animacy distinction.}}

	===Verbs===		===Verbs===
Line 161:		Line 161:
	==Orthography==		==Orthography==
	==Example texts==		==Example texts==
			==Notes==
			{{notelist}}
	==Other resources==		==Other resources==
	* [[Reardish/Swadesh\|Swadesh]]		* [[Reardish/Swadesh\|Swadesh]]