Waahlis: /* Phonotactics */ To begin with.

2013-06-27T11:25:57Z

Phonotactics: To begin with.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:25, 27 June 2013
Line 398:		Line 398:

	==Phonotactics==		==Phonotactics==
			There are a number of phonological constraints on the Ris words.

			As for the syllable structure, the following rules apply:
			#All syllables have an [[w:onset\|onset]]. The default onset is always a glottal stop, /ʔ/.
			# All syllables have a [[w:nucleus\|nucleus]].
			# No [[w:gemination\|geminate]] consonants.
			#Only /n/, /r/, /s/ and glides are allowed in [[w:coda\|coda]]s.


			On consonant clusters in onsets, there are a multitude of rules:
			# The first consonant in a complex onset must be an [[w:obstruent\|obstruent]], or the bilabial nasal /m/.
			##If the first consonant in a complex onset is an /m/, the second must be an alveolar nasal /n/.
			## If the first consonant in a complex onset is an /s/, the second must be a plosive.
			# The second consonant in a complex onset must not be a voiced obstruent.
			#The third consonant in a complex onset must be a rhotic trill /r/, or a glide.
			#The fourth consonant in a complex onset must be a glide.
			#Any obstruent in a complex onset must be voiceless.

			Some rules are phoneme-specific:
			# The /h/ only occurs in onset position.

Waahlis: Created page with " The Ris phonology is a medium-sized inventory of sounds, modelled after Indo-European languages. Phonologically and phonaesthetically, the language is mod..."

2013-06-27T09:50:21Z

Created page with " The Ris phonology is a medium-sized inventory of sounds, modelled after Indo-European languages. Phonologically and phonaesthetically, the language is mod..."

New page

The [[Ris/Phonology|Ris phonology]] is a medium-sized inventory of sounds, modelled after Indo-European languages.

Phonologically and phonaesthetically, the language is modelled after [[w:Greek language|Greek]]. Other influences are [[w:native American languages|native American languages]], the [[w:Shona language|Shona language]] and to certain degree [[w:Swedish language|Swedish]].

Interesting oddities in the phonology are the [[w:whistled sounds|whistled sounds]] /s͎/ and /z͎/, common to a few languages in [[w:Languages in Africa|Africa]].
{{ris sidebar}}

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
The following is the inventory of consonants in the Ris language. There are 18 contrastive consonants.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+'''Ris consonants'''
|-
! colspan="9"|Consonants
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
! rowspan="2"| Bilabial
! colspan="2" rowspan="1"| Denti-alveolar
! rowspan="2"| Palatal
! rowspan="2"| Velar
! rowspan="2"| Glottal
|-
! plain
! whispered
|- align="center"
!Nasals
!plain
|'''m''' /m/
|'''n '''/n/
|
|
|[ŋ]
|
|-
! rowspan="3"|Plosives
!aspirated
|'''ph''' /pʰ/
|'''th''' /tʰ/
|
|
|'''kh''' /kʰ/
| colspan="1" rowspan="3"| [ʔ]
|-
!unvoiced
|'''p''' /p/
|'''t''' /t/
|
|
|'''k''' /k/
|-
!voiced
|'''b''' /b/
|'''d''' /d/
|
|
|'''g''' /g/
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="2"|Fricatives
!unvoiced
|
|
|'''s''' /s͎/
| colspan="3" rowspan="1"|'''h''' /ç ~ x ~ h/
|-
!voiced
|
| colspan="2" rowspan="1"|'''z''' /d͡z ~ d͡z͎ ~ z ~ z͎/
|[ʝ]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Trills
!aspirated
|
|
|'''r''' /r̥ʰ/
|
|
|
|-
!voiced
|
|
|'''r''' /r/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1"|Approximants
|'''ou''' /w/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1"|Laterals
|
|
|'''l''' /l ~ ʎ/
|
|
|
|}

====Consonant allophony====
[[w:Allophony|Allophony]] is common to many consonants, and [[w:sandhi|sandhi]] forces them to be realised different in different environments.

=====The glottal fricative=====
The phoneme /h/, the so called glottal fricative, is in [[w:free variation|free variation]] with the unvoiced palatal fricative /ç/ as well as the unvoiced velar fricative /x/.

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em; border:1px solid #CCC; background:#f5f5f5"
|+

| colspan="5"|'''{{blue|ἒ}}τροι'''
|-
| colspan="5"|'''{{blue|h}}étroi'''
|-

| /ˈ{{blue|h}}ɛtrɔɪ̯/

! =

| /ˈ{{blue|x}}ɛtrɔɪ̯/

! =

|/ˈ{{blue|ç}}ɛtrɔɪ̯/
|-

| colspan="5"| ''normal, okay''
|}

The velar fricative is the most common one, but the phones are all affected by palatalisation from front vowels, producing the palatal fricative [ç].

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em; border:1px solid #CCC; background:#f5f5f5"
|+

| colspan="4"|'''{{blue|ὒ}}ο'''
| colspan="3"|'''{{blue|ἢ}}στιμι'''
|-
| colspan="4"|'''{{blue|h}}ýo'''
| colspan="3"|'''{{blue|h}}ḗstimi'''
|-

| /ˈ{{blue|h}}ʉ̩.ɔ/

! =

|[ˈ{{blue|h}}ʉ̩.ɔ]

!

|/ˈ{{blue|h}}eːs͎tɪmɪ/

! →

|[ˈ{{blue|ç}}eːs͎tɪmɪ]
|-

| colspan="4"| ''to leave'' .{{sc|ind.m.}}
| colspan="3"| ''pride'' .{{sc|f}}
|}

=====Palatalisation=====
[[w:Palatalisation|Palatalisation]] occurs due to two main factors:
* '''Internally''': Front vowels tend to palatalise preceding consonants if the syllable is stressed.
**C[-pal, -rhotic, -appr] → C[+pal, -rhotic, -appr] /_V[+front, +stress]_
* '''Externally''': A final near-close near-front vowel, /ɪ/, palatalises the initial consonant of the following word.

All consonants but the rhotic trills and the labio-velar semivowel are affected.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width:650px; text-align:center;"
|-
! Plain
!/m/
!/n/
!/p
!/t/
!/k/
!/b/
!/d/
!/g/
!/pʰ/
!/tʰ/
!/kʰ/
!/s/
!/z/
!/h/
!/l/

|-
! Palatalised
|[mɲ]
|[ɲ]
|[pj]
|[t͡ʃ]
|[c]
|[bj]
|[ɟ]
|[ʝ]
|[p]
|[t]
|[k]
|[ʃ]
|[ʒ]
|[ç]
|[ʎ]
|}

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em; border:1px solid #CCC; background:#f5f5f5"
|+

| colspan="3"| '''{{blue|ρ}}ἂκι'''

!

| colspan="3"| '''{{blue|τ}}ή'''

!

| colspan="3"| '''{{blue|ἢ}}στιμι'''

!

| colspan="3"|'''{{blue|τ}}ί {{blue|κ}}ατεράσχοι'''
|-

| colspan="3"| '''rā́{{blue|k}}i'''

!

| colspan="3"| '''{{blue|t}}ḗ'''

!

| colspan="3"| '''{{blue|h}}ḗstimi?'''

!

| colspan="3"|'''{{blue|t}}í {{blue|k}}ateráskhoi?'''
|-

|/ˈrakɪ/

! →

|[ˈracɪ]

!

|/ˈteː/

! →

|[ˈt͡ʃeː]

!

|/ˈheːs͎tɪmɪ/

! →

| [ˈçeːs͎tɪmɪ]

!

| /ˈtɪ katɛˈraskʰɔɪ̯/

! →

| [ˈt͡ʃɪ catɛˈraskʰɔɪ̯]
|-

| colspan="3"| ''root'' .{{sc|in.gen}}

!

| colspan="3"| ''how''

!

| colspan="3"| ''pride.'' .{{sc|f.pat}}

!

| colspan="3"|''Where did I write it?''
|}

====Phonological processes====


===Vowels===


There are 7 [[w:vowel|vowel]] phonemes in the Ris language. In Ris, the system of vowels are known as ''ptḗgna i rháki'' - 'the hollow triangle', due to their symmetrical places of articulation.

All vowels may be long, but the phonemes /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ change their quality when long; they are then pronounced /eː/ and /oː/ respectively.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 375px; text-align: center;"
|+'''Ris vowels'''
|-
! colspan="2"|
! Front
! Near-front
! Central
! Near-back
! Back
|-
! rowspan="2"| Close
! short
|
|
|'''y''' /ʉ/
|
|
|-
! long
|
|
|'''ȳ''' /ʉː/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Near-close
!short
|
|'''i '''/ɪ/
|
|'''ou''' /ʊ/
|
|-
!long
|
|'''ī '''/ɪː/
|
|'''ou '''/ʊː/
|
|-
! colspan="2"|Close-mid
|'''ē''' /eː/
|
|
|
|'''ō''' /oː/
|-
! colspan="2"|Mid
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"|Open-mid
|'''e''' /ɛ/
|
|
|
|'''o''' /ɔ/
|-
! colspan="2"|Near-open
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|Open
!short
|
|
|'''a '''/ä/
|
|
|-
!long
|
|
|'''ā '''/äː/
|
|
|}

Other than that, my vowels are rather simple. No mystics quirks at all. Well, that's if you choose to ignore the [[w:vowel harmony|vowel harmony]] and [[w:umlaut|umlaut]] process in the '''Nassi dialect'''. Makes it a tad more interesting, in my opinion.

==Phonotactics==

[[Category:Ris]]

Ris/Phonology - Revision history

Waahlis: /* Phonotactics */ To begin with.

Waahlis: Created page with " The Ris phonology is a medium-sized inventory of sounds, modelled after Indo-European languages. Phonologically and phonaesthetically, the language is mod..."