Saxuma - Revision history

Anisette Biscotti: Link to dictionary

2025-02-04T02:15:21Z

Link to dictionary

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:15, 4 February 2025
Line 493:		Line 493:
	==See Also==		==See Also==
	* [[:Category:Saxuma words]]		* [[:Category:Saxuma words]]
			* [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11JLg5e7buMcLStyzS1hMONiVVdzuHEtbVSuS8SmvndU/edit?usp=sharing Saxuma Dictionary]

	[[Category:Saxuma]]		[[Category:Saxuma]]
	[[Category:Languages]]		[[Category:Languages]]
	[[Category:Conlangs]]		[[Category:Conlangs]]

Anisette Biscotti: /* Consonants */

2024-12-05T14:36:48Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:36, 5 December 2024
Line 34:		Line 34:
	\|-		\|-
	! Plosives		! Plosives
	\| p \|\| b \|\| t \|\| d \|\| c \|\| \|\| k \|\| g \|\|ʔ		\| p \|\| b \|\| t \|\| d \|\| c \|\| \|\| k \|\| g~ɣ \|\| ʔ
	\|-		\|-
	! Fricatives		! Fricatives
Line 74:		Line 74:
	\|-		\|-
	! voiced		! voiced
	\| b \|\| d \|\| ʥ \|\| g \|\| (ʥ)		\| b \|\| d \|\| ʥ \|\| g~ɣ \|\| (ʥ)
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan=2\| Fricatives !! voiceless		! rowspan=2\| Fricatives !! voiceless

Anisette Biscotti: /* Phonotactics */

2024-12-03T19:37:48Z

Phonotactics

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:37, 3 December 2024
Line 146:		Line 146:
	\|-		\|-
	! b		! b
	\| {{yes\|[ʔp]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔt]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔk]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔb]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔd]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔg]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔm]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bn]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{~~yes\|[d͡z]~~}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{~~yes\|[d͡ʑ]~~}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔl]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bw]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bj]}}		\| {{yes\|[ʔp]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔt]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔk]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔb]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔd]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔg]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔm]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bn]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔl]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bw]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bj]}}
	\|-		\|-
	! d		! d
	\| {{yes\|[ʔp]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔt]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔk]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔb]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔd]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔg]}} \|\| {{yes\|[dm]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔn]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔl]}} \|\| {{yes\|[dw]}} \|\| {{yes\|[d͡ʑ]}}		\| {{yes\|[ʔp]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔt]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔk]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔb]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔd]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔg]}} \|\| {{yes\|[dm]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔn]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[d͡z]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[d͡ʑ]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔl]}} \|\| {{yes\|[dw]}} \|\| {{yes\|[d͡ʑ]}}
	\|-		\|-
	! g		! g

Anisette Biscotti: /* Phonotactics */

2024-12-03T19:36:07Z

Phonotactics

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:36, 3 December 2024
Line 140:		Line 140:
	\|-		\|-
	! t		! t
	\| {{yes\|[ʔp]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔt]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔk]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔb]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔd]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔg]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tm]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔn]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tɸ]}} \|\| {{yes\|[t͡s]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[t͡ɕ]}} \|\| ~~{{no}} \|\|~~ {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔl]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tw]}} \|\| {{yes\|[c]}}		\| {{yes\|[ʔp]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔt]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔk]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔb]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔd]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔg]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tm]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔn]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tɸ]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[t͡s]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[t͡ɕ]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔl]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tw]}} \|\| {{yes\|[c]}}
	\|-		\|-
	! k		! k

Anisette Biscotti: /* Phonotactics */

2024-12-03T19:35:37Z

Phonotactics

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:35, 3 December 2024
Line 140:		Line 140:
	\|-		\|-
	! t		! t
	\| {{yes\|[ʔp]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔt]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔk]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔb]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔd]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔg]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tm]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔn]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tɸ]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔl]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tw]}} \|\| {{yes\|[c]}}		\| {{yes\|[ʔp]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔt]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔk]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔb]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔd]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔg]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tm]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔn]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tɸ]}} \|\| {{yes\|[t͡s]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[t͡ɕ]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔl]}} \|\| {{yes\|[tw]}} \|\| {{yes\|[c]}}
	\|-		\|-
	! k		! k
Line 146:		Line 146:
	\|-		\|-
	! b		! b
	\| {{yes\|[ʔp]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔt]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔk]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔb]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔd]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔg]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔm]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bn]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔl]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bw]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bj]}}		\| {{yes\|[ʔp]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔt]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔk]}}\|\| {{yes\|[ʔb]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔd]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔg]}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔm]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bn]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[d͡z]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[d͡ʑ]}} \|\| {{no}} \|\| {{yes\|[ʔl]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bw]}} \|\| {{yes\|[bj]}}
	\|-		\|-
	! d		! d

Anisette Biscotti: /* Conjugation */

2024-12-03T18:57:37Z

Conjugation

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:57, 3 December 2024
Line 338:		Line 338:
	* The '''-S conjugation''' includes all verbs ending in -s, -x, or -r.		* The '''-S conjugation''' includes all verbs ending in -s, -x, or -r.
	* The '''-T conjugation''' includes all verbs ending in -k, -t, or -p, and some ending in long -ē.		* The '''-T conjugation''' includes all verbs ending in -k, -t, or -p, and some ending in long -ē.
	* The '''-H conjugation''' includes ~~most, but not~~ all, verbs ending in a long vowel.		* The '''-H conjugation''' includes all other verbs ending in a long vowel.
	* The '''-W conjugation''' includes all verbs ending in -aw.		* The '''-W conjugation''' includes all verbs ending in -aw.
	* The '''-Y conjugation''' includes all of verbs ending in -ay and -oy.		* The '''-Y conjugation''' includes all of verbs ending in -ay and -oy.

Anisette Biscotti: /* Case */

2024-12-03T18:45:34Z

Case

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 3 December 2024
Line 251:		Line 251:
	:: chicken.{{sc\|cons}} child.{{sc\|cons}} farmer → chicken of child.{{sc\|cons}} farmer		:: chicken.{{sc\|cons}} child.{{sc\|cons}} farmer → chicken of child.{{sc\|cons}} farmer
	:: ''the farmer's child's chicken'' → ''the chicken of the farmer's child''		:: ''the farmer's child's chicken'' → ''the chicken of the farmer's child''
	* The '''dative-allative''' case is used both to mark the oblique argument of verbs, as well as to convey the motion of coming upon or landing on the motion's target, but not other forms of motion (which usually use the preposition ''eke'', meaning "towards"). Outside of pronouns, this is marked with a prefix, determined regularly by the noun's initial phoneme, as below. Adjectives do not decline for the dative-allative.		* The '''dative-allative''' case is used both to mark the oblique argument of verbs, as well as to convey the motion of coming upon or landing on the motion's target, but not other forms of motion (which usually use the preposition ''eke'', meaning "towards"). Outside of pronouns, this is usually marked with a prefix, determined regularly by the noun's initial phoneme, as below. Adjectives do not decline for the dative-allative. Like with ''u'', the preposition ''ba'' can also be used to mark the dative-allative when it would be applied to complementary phrases.
	: Before initial i- or u-, prefix ''baz-''.		: Before initial i- or u-, prefix ''baz-''.
	:: ''ībi'' → ''bazîbi''		:: ''ībi'' → ''bazîbi''
Line 277:		Line 277:
	:: ''xek'' → ''batxék''		:: ''xek'' → ''batxék''
	: Before initial l- and r-, prefix ''ba-.''		: Before initial l- and r-, prefix ''ba-.''
	: ''rik'' → ''barík''		:: ''rik'' → ''barík''
	: ''lobo'' → ''balóbo''		:: ''lobo'' → ''balóbo''

	====Number====		====Number====

Anisette Biscotti: /* Case */

2024-12-03T18:44:03Z

Case

@@ Line 231: / Line 231: @@
 ====Case====
-Nominals - including nouns, pronouns, and adjectives - in Saxuma take one of five cases. For nouns and adjectives, only the construct case requires any declension — all others use the base form along with a preposition or particle. Pronouns, however, have irregular declensions for all five cases.
+Nominals - including nouns, pronouns, and adjectives - in Saxuma take one of five cases. For nouns and adjectives, only the construct and dative-allative cases require any declension — the others use the base form, and potentially a particle. Pronouns, however, have irregular declensions for all five cases.
 * The '''direct''' case is the plain form of a nominal. It is used by default in any context where another marking is not required.
@@ Line 251: / Line 251: @@
 :: chicken.{{sc|cons}} child.{{sc|cons}} farmer → chicken of child.{{sc|cons}} farmer
 :: ''the farmer's child's chicken'' → ''the chicken of the farmer's child''
-* The '''dative-allative''' case is used both to mark the oblique argument of verbs, as well as to convey the motion of coming upon or landing on the motion's target, but not other forms of motion (which usually use the preposition ''eke'', meaning "towards"). Outside of pronouns, this is marked with the preposition ''ba'' ("upon").
+* The '''dative-allative''' case is used both to mark the oblique argument of verbs, as well as to convey the motion of coming upon or landing on the motion's target, but not other forms of motion (which usually use the preposition ''eke'', meaning "towards"). Outside of pronouns, this is marked with a prefix, determined regularly by the noun's initial phoneme, as below. Adjectives do not decline for the dative-allative.
 ====Number====

Anisette Biscotti: /* Evidentiality */

2024-12-03T18:08:34Z

Evidentiality

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 3 December 2024
Line 377:		Line 377:
	*: ōná → tamōná		*: ōná → tamōná
	*: exí → tamwexí		*: exí → tamwexí
	* '''Intuitive''' information is that which the speaker believes or feels confidently, but based primarily on instinctual leanings rather than any clear evidence or reasoning. It is indicated with the prefix ''eny-'' before vowel-initial verbs, ''nye-'' before initial labial consonants or /r/, and ''en-'' before initial palatal consonants. Before other consonants, the prefix ''en-'' is used, and also a palatalizing mutation occurs on the initial ~~vowel~~.		* '''Intuitive''' information is that which the speaker believes or feels confidently, but based primarily on instinctual leanings rather than any clear evidence or reasoning. It is indicated with the prefix ''eny-'' before vowel-initial verbs, ''nye-'' before initial labial consonants or /r/, and ''en-'' before initial palatal consonants. Before other consonants, the prefix ''en-'' is used, and also a palatalizing mutation occurs on the initial consonant.
	*: bulíx → nyebulíx		*: bulíx → nyebulíx
	*: ryu → nyeryú		*: ryu → nyeryú

Anisette Biscotti: /* Consonants */

2024-11-08T14:20:13Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:20, 8 November 2024
Line 55:		Line 55:
	* When adjacent to any palatal consonant, /l/ may be realized as [ʎ] or [j]		* When adjacent to any palatal consonant, /l/ may be realized as [ʎ] or [j]
	* Many speakers — especially younger ones — sonorize plosives when followed by a long vowel or diphthong carrying a high tone (see Pitch Accent below). For example, dēka > nēka, tobyá > tomyá, pyunam > byunam.		* Many speakers — especially younger ones — sonorize plosives when followed by a long vowel or diphthong carrying a high tone (see Pitch Accent below). For example, dēka > nēka, tobyá > tomyá, pyunam > byunam.
	* Sometimes, in particularly casual speech, unstressed, final /s/ and /ɕ/ are debuccalized to [h].		* Sometimes, in particularly casual speech, unstressed, final /s/ and /ɕ/ are debuccalized to [ç].
			* Final /r/ is often realized as [ʃ], and in these cases lowers preceding /i/ and /u/ to [ɛ] and [o]

	An alternate analysis of the consonants of Saxuma is proposed by some linguists, such as that by Varda below.		An alternate analysis of the consonants of Saxuma is proposed by some linguists, such as that by Varda below.