Sceptrian - Revision history

Chrysophylax: Removing progress meter (out of fashion... )

2021-07-19T09:16:15Z

Removing progress meter (out of fashion... )

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 |mapcaption    = Speakers of Sceptrian and its dialects
 }}
 '''Sceptrian''' (''batop lushan'' [ˈbäˑtəp luˈʃãˑ] or simply ''lusha'') is an ''a priori'' [[w:Artistic_language|artistic language]] created for the fantasy world Akekata by [[User:Juhhmi|juhhmi]]. Sceptrian language, named after the Sceptre peninsula, derives from Lutian language used in the Empire of Western Sceptre. With 29 million native speakers, Sceptrians outnumber those speaking [[Khattish]] and Guddean, the other two main West-Herookuan languages.

Sware: Updating infobox

2021-07-06T12:14:15Z

Updating infobox

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	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name = Sceptrian		\|name = Sceptrian
	\|~~nativename~~ = ~~[[File:Lusha_name~~.png\|300px~~]]<br>''~~Batop Lushan''		\|image = Lusha name.png
	\|pronunciation = [ˈbäˑtəp luˈʃãˑ]		\|imagesize = 300px
	~~\|region = Western Central World~~		\|nativename = Batop Lushan
			\|pronunciation = ˈbäˑtəp luˈʃãˑ
	\|states = Sceptre		\|states = Sceptre
	\|speakers = 29,200,000		\|speakers = 29,200,000
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	\|fam1 = West-Herookuan		\|fam1 = West-Herookuan
	\|fam2 = Lutian		\|fam2 = Lutian
	\|fam3 = Sceptrian branch		\|fam3 = Sceptrian branch
	\|creator=Ahuelni		\|creator = Ahuelni
	\|setting=Akekata		\|setting = Akekata
	\|~~dialects~~ = Yerzonian, Mulish, Fanish		\|dia1 = Yerzonian
	\|~~script~~ = Toneka alphabet		\|dia2 = Mulish
			\|dia3 = Fanish
			\|scripts = * Toneka alphabet
	\|nation = Empire of Sceptre		\|nation = Empire of Sceptre
	\|minority = Coast of Temples, Negovia		\|minority = Coast of Temples, Negovia
	\|agency = ''Tsagadhet Keping Batom Lushan''<br>(Bureau of the Purity of the Sceptrian Language)		\|agency = ''Tsagadhet Keping Batom Lushan''<br>(Bureau of the Purity of the Sceptrian Language)
	\|map = Lusha_regions.jpg		\|map = Lusha_regions.jpg
	\|mapsize = ~~300~~		\|mapsize = 300px
	\|mapcaption = Speakers of Sceptrian and its dialects		\|mapcaption = Speakers of Sceptrian and its dialects
	}}		}}
	{{ClassMeter		{{ClassMeter

Chrysophylax: Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"

2017-01-20T02:30:14Z

Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"

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	[[Category:Languages]][[Category:~~Conlangs~~]]		[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]]

Juhhmi: /* Personal */

2015-07-09T10:01:33Z

Personal

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	\|-		\|-
	!COM		!COM
	\| nas \|\| mosh \|\| fos \|\| posh \|\| Nithos \|\| Withosh \|\|thas \|\|sus \|\|slosh \|\| his \|\| ~~klosh~~		\| nas \|\| mosh \|\| fos \|\| posh \|\| Nithos \|\| Withosh \|\|thas \|\|sus \|\|slosh \|\| his \|\|klosh
	\|-		\|-
	!CAU		!CAU

Juhhmi: /* Personal */

2015-07-09T10:01:18Z

Personal

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	\|-		\|-
	!COM		!COM
	\| nas \|\| mosh \|\| fos \|\| posh \|\| Nithos \|\| Withosh \|\| ~~thas~~ \|\| ~~sus~~ \|\| ~~slosh~~ \|\| his \|\| klosh		\| nas \|\| mosh \|\| fos \|\| posh \|\| Nithos \|\| Withosh \|\|thas \|\|sus \|\|slosh \|\| his \|\| klosh
	\|-		\|-
	!CAU		!CAU

Juhhmi: /* Table of correlatives */

2015-07-09T10:00:32Z

Table of correlatives

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	\|-		\|-
	!Comitative		!Comitative
	\| shos \|\| ~~kas~~ \|\| kos \|\| jofos \|\| otos \|\| orkos \|\|zeos \|\| sos		\| shos \|\|kas \|\| kos \|\| jofos \|\| otos \|\| orkos \|\|zeos \|\| sos
	\|-		\|-
	!Causal		!Causal

Juhhmi: /* Table of correlatives */

2015-07-09T10:00:05Z

Table of correlatives

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	\|-		\|-
	!Comitative		!Comitative
	\| shos \|\| kas \|\| kos \|\| jofos \|\| otos \|\| orkos \|\| ~~zeos~~ \|\| sos		\| shos \|\| kas \|\| kos \|\| jofos \|\| otos \|\| orkos \|\|zeos \|\| sos
	\|-		\|-
	!Causal		!Causal

Juhhmi: /* Irrealis */

2015-07-09T09:46:02Z

Irrealis

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	'''Imperative''' is the first apophony of base form (3SG.INAN GNO). It is used for commanding and may be accompanied by vocatives: ''Rót posné!'' (Go, O servant of mine!)		'''Imperative''' is the first apophony of base form (3SG.INAN GNO). It is used for commanding and may be accompanied by vocatives: ''Rót posné!'' (Go, O servant of mine!)
	*The softer imperative is derived from the base with an ''r'' being added before present inceptive conjugated for person and number: ''Rótrest fo.'' (You should leave.). It is used as a hortative as well: ''Rótrlast!'' (Let's go!)		*The softer imperative is derived from the base with an ''r'' being added before present inceptive conjugated for person and number: ''Rótrest fo.'' (You should leave.). It is used as a hortative as well: ''Rótrlast!'' (Let's go!)
			**Alternatively, the ''r'' may be added after the inceptive agent prefix.

	'''Subjunctive''' is formed through initial left-to-right reduplication and with second apophony in the original stressed syllable: if consonant-initial, CV body is duplicated, but if vowel-initial, VC part of the first and second syllable is duplicated: '''''la'''latép'' (may dance), '''''ak'''aktæsos'' (may hear), ''rorøt'' (may go)		'''Subjunctive''' is formed through initial left-to-right reduplication and with second apophony in the original stressed syllable: if consonant-initial, CV body is duplicated, but if vowel-initial, VC part of the first and second syllable is duplicated: '''''la'''latép'' (may dance), '''''ak'''aktæsos'' (may hear), ''rorøt'' (may go)

Juhhmi: /* Syntax */

2015-07-08T13:02:09Z

Syntax

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	===Word order===		===Word order===

	*VAO usually, VOA also very common, SV(O) in antipassive		* VAO usually, VOA also very common, SV(O) in antipassive
			* often a comment precedes the topic
			* numerals precede nouns
	* possessives follow nouns		* possessives follow nouns
	* predicative adjectives precede and attributive ones come after nouns		* predicative adjectives precede and attributive ones come after nouns
			* demonstratives come last

	===Emphasizing clitics===		===Emphasizing clitics===

	Suffixes ''ma'' (for ABS) and ''noh'' (for ERG) are used to emphasize either the object or the agent: ''Ónzaiton dothee'''noh''' ~~pof~~.'' (It is the man who's lifting the feather) vs. ''Ónzaiton dothee pof'''ma'''.'' (It is the feather that the man is lifting.). They are also used with verbs in antipassive constructions.		Suffixes ''ma'' (for ABS) and ''noh'' (for ERG) are used to emphasize either the object or the agent: ''Ónzaiton pof dothee'''noh'''.'' (It is the man who's lifting the feather) vs. ''Ónzaiton dothee pof'''ma'''.'' (It is the feather that the man is lifting.). They are also used in nominalized relative clauses and with verbs in antipassive constructions.

	When both are used, information conveyed by the verb becomes veritable: ''Józaitoi dotheenoh pofma.'' (I can swear that the man lifted the feather.)		When both are used, information conveyed by the verb becomes veritable: ''Józaitoi dotheenoh pofma.'' (I can swear that the man lifted the feather.)
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	====Independent====		====Independent====

			Independent clauses make sense by themselves so that they may form their own sentence.

			In Sceptrian, the subject is not necessarily a separate word since the verb can convey both the agent and the object. Thus a single verb can be a complete sentence: ''Ainamoi.'' (It was eaten by me.) However, a full clause may a verbless one as well when the gnomic-static aspect is used or because the languages lacks the verbs "to be" and "to have": ''Ksaru lutu(ma).'' (The woman is a guard.), ''Lutugu ksarushos.'' (Lady has their own guards.)

			Traditional Sceptrian language theorists have used the term ''qópó'' (act) when referring to the verb phrase: the main verb, its auxiliaries and particles which wouldn't appear without the verb. It may also refer to the predicative determiners of a verbless clause subject (possibly bearing the emphasizing clitic): e.g. ''ksaru'' (guard) is ''qópó hetson'' ("still" act) of the above example ''Ksaru lutu.''. This may be called predicate in Westlang grammar.

			''Betsloi'ó'' (affectee), that is, the absolutive subject-object may be:
			*Noun: ''Lehkotón '''kuth'''.'' ('''A dog''' is running.)
			*Pronoun: ''Aiteshóji '''slo'''.'' ('''They''' were seen by me.)
			*Gerund: ''Apekingvó '''lateppi'''.'' (I enjoy '''dancing'''.)
			*Another clause: ''Aitésoutóji, '''skugu rorøtóji'''.'' (I couldn't see, '''where he went'''.)
			*Note that the main verb conjugation is for the abstract subject. In the indirect question, the verb is in subjunctive.

			''Betslaató'' (affecter) refers to the agent which is declined into the ergative case.
			*A gerung will be declined if necessary, but an entire clause remains the same.

			Interrogative clauses begin with either the verb or the interrogative. Interrogative mood is indicated by the moving the primary stress onto the first syllable and adding a rising or dipping pitch. Questions are placed between question marks "¿" and "?". See below in the [[Sceptrian#Noun_clauses\|noun clauses]] for more of indirect questions.
			*In written language, requests often use only the final question mark: ''Tsemaakor nai?'' (Will you give it to me?)

	====Conjunction====		====Conjunction====

	coordinating, correlative (and subordinate?)		coordinating, correlative (and subordinate?)
			*and, but, for, so, or
			*...

			Demonstratives will take the case ending, if the entire

	====Noun clauses====		====Noun clauses====

Juhhmi: /* Demonstrative */

2015-07-08T10:30:29Z

Demonstrative

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	*As a determiner, the demonstrative follows its head and other adjectives: ''Bouson qot ka.'' (This rock is falling.) ''Anzaitlon qoth rkildh kla.'' (I'm lifting these brown rocks.)		*As a determiner, the demonstrative follows its head and other adjectives: ''Bouson qot ka.'' (This rock is falling.) ''Anzaitlon qoth rkildh kla.'' (I'm lifting these brown rocks.)
	*For inanimate class, the pronoun is the same as the demonstrative word: ''Qot ka.'' (This is a rock.) ''Rkidh qot ka.'' (This rock is brown.) ''Qoth rkildh klo.'' (Those are brown rocks.)		*For inanimate class, the pronoun is the same as the demonstrative word: ''Qot ka.'' (This is a rock.) ''Rkidh qot ka.'' (This rock is brown.) ''Qoth rkildh klo.'' (Those are brown rocks.)
	*The determiner may precede its head and is then followed by a short pause. In this case, the "head~~" can rather be considered an attribute of~~ the ~~pronoun~~: ''Bouson ko qot.'' (That's falling, the rock, I mean.)		*The determiner may precede its head and is then followed by a short pause. In this case, the head acts more like a specifying comment on the true sentence subject: ''Bouson ko qot.'' (That's falling, the rock, I mean.)

	See also the [[Sceptrian#Table_of_correlatives\|table of correlatives]].		See also the [[Sceptrian#Table_of_correlatives\|table of correlatives]].