Sharqi - Revision history

Shariifka: /* Stem 1 */

2023-12-16T20:00:38Z

Stem 1

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:00, 16 December 2023
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	===Verbs===		===Verbs===
	====Stem 1====		====Stem 1====
	Stem 1 is the base form of a verb. The citation form is the 3rd person singular masculine perfect.		Stem 1 is the base form of a verb. <!--The citation form is the 3rd person singular masculine perfect.-->
	*''F-C-L'' is used as the generic verb stem (with ''qadal'' "kill" as the example verb).		*''F-C-L'' is used as the generic verb stem (with ''qadal'' "kill" as the example verb).
	**''F'': first root consonant		**''F'': first root consonant
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	**Final ''iØ'' becomes ''i'' (''ii'' before a consonant) - e.g. ''níshi'' "take/lift" (from ''níshiØ'').		**Final ''iØ'' becomes ''i'' (''ii'' before a consonant) - e.g. ''níshi'' "take/lift" (from ''níshiØ'').
	**''Øu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinashúun'' "they take/lift" (from ''yinashØúun'').		**''Øu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinashúun'' "they take/lift" (from ''yinashØúun'').
	**''aØu(u)'' becomes ''ow'' - e.g. ''~~yuwaddówn~~'' "they finish" (from ''yiwaddaØúun'')		**''aØu(u)'' becomes ''ow'' - e.g. ''yooddówn'' "they finish" (from ''yiwaddaØúun'')
	**''iØuu'' becomes ''uu'' e.g. ''al tinshúun'' "you ''(pl.)'' do not take/lift" (from ''tinshiØúun'')		**''iØuu'' becomes ''uu'' e.g. ''al tinshúun'' "you ''(pl.)'' do not take/lift" (from ''tinshiØúun'')
	<!--		<!--

Shariifka: /* Verbs */

2023-04-18T14:17:30Z

Verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:17, 18 April 2023
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	*If ''F'' is:-		*If ''F'' is:-
	**w:		**w:
	**''i'' becomes ''u'' before ''w'', with ''uw'' becoming ''uu'' before a consonant. If the following syllable has the vowel ''i'', it also ~~becomea~~ ''u'' - e.g. ''al yuudud'' "he does not love" (from ''yiwdid'').		**''i'' becomes ''u'' before ''w'', with ''uw'' becoming ''uu'' before a consonant. If the following syllable has the vowel ''i'', it also becomes ''u'' - e.g. ''al yuudud'' "he does not love" (from ''yiwdid'').
	**The sequence ''uwa'' is further simplified to ''oo'' - e.g. ''yoodad'' "he loves" (from ''yuwadad'' < ''*yiwadad'').		**The sequence ''uwa'' is further simplified to ''oo'' - e.g. ''yoodad'' "he loves" (from ''yuwadad'' < ''*yiwadad'').
	**y:		**y:
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	**The sequence ''iya'' is simplified to ''ee'' - e.g. ''teebas'' "she/it dries" (from ''tiyabas'').		**The sequence ''iya'' is simplified to ''ee'' - e.g. ''teebas'' "she/it dries" (from ''tiyabas'').
	*Ø: preceding ''i'' becomes ''a'' in the imperfect and lengthened in the subjunctive/jussive - e.g. ''yaahal'' "it is enough" (from ''yiØahal''), ''ay yiíhal'' "let it not be enough" (from *''yíØhal'').		*Ø: preceding ''i'' becomes ''a'' in the imperfect and lengthened in the subjunctive/jussive - e.g. ''yaahal'' "it is enough" (from ''yiØahal''), ''ay yiíhal'' "let it not be enough" (from *''yíØhal'').
	*A guttural letter (''G'': ', h, c, x): when intervocalic, preceding short vowel assimilates to following vowel - e.g. ''yaxamal'' "he carries" (from ''yixamal'')<!--, ''ay tácraf'' "don't rest" (from ''tícraf'')-->.		*A guttural letter (''G'': ', h, c, x): when intervocalic, a preceding short vowel assimilates to following vowel - e.g. ''yaxamal'' "he carries" (from ''yixamal'')<!--, ''ay tácraf'' "don't rest" (from ''tícraf'')-->.
	*If ''C'' is:-		*If ''C'' is:-
	**y, yC, or Cy:		**y, yC, or Cy:
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	**G:		**G:
	***''aGii'' in gerundive becomes ''iGii'' - e.g. ''mixíiraw'' "him being kind/merciful"-->		***''aGii'' in gerundive becomes ''iGii'' - e.g. ''mixíiraw'' "him being kind/merciful"-->
	***When intervocalic, preceding short vowel assimilates to following vowel.		***When intervocalic, a preceding short vowel assimilates to following vowel.
	*If ''L'' is:-		*If ''L'' is:-
	**y:		**y:
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	**w:		**w:
	**''(a)wa(w)'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''cafawd'' "she forgave" (from ''cafwad'').		**''(a)wa(w)'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''cafawd'' "she forgave" (from ''cafwad'').
	**''(a)way'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''~~cafay~~'' "I forgave" (from ''cafway'').		**''(a)way'' becomes ''oy'' - e.g. ''cafoy'' "I forgave" (from ''cafway'').
	**Final ''iw'' becomes ''u'' (''uu'' before a consonant) and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'' - e.g. ''cufu'' "forgive" (from ''cifiw'').		**Final ''iw'' becomes ''u'' (''uu'' before a consonant) and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'' - e.g. ''cufu'' "forgive" (from ''cifiw'').
	**''wu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yacafúun'' "they forgive" (from ''yicafwúun'').		**''wu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yacafúun'' "they forgive" (from ''yicafwúun'').

Shariifka: /* Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1) */

2022-06-20T07:55:15Z

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:55, 20 June 2022
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	==Example texts==		==Example texts==
	===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===		===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
	<!--Beni aadanka kulligaw WAXA aw yitoolad nusuga OO ~~XOR~~ AH KANA SIMAN XAGGA sharafta IYO ~~xuquuqa~~. WAXA Ilaahay SIIYAY WACYI IYO damiir, WAANA IN QOF WALBA QOFKA KALE SI WALAALTINIMO AH ~~UU ULA DHAQMAA~~.-->		<!--Beni aadanka kulligaw WAXA aw yitoolad nusuga OO xor AH KANA SIMAN XAGGA sharafta IYO xuquuqda. WAXA Ilaahay SIIYAY WACYI IYO damiir, WAANA IN QOF WALBA QOFKA KALE ULA DHAQMAA SI WALAALTINIMO AH.-->

	==Other resources==		==Other resources==

Shariifka: /* Compound tenses */

2022-06-18T12:49:01Z

Compound tenses

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:49, 18 June 2022
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	=====Compound tenses=====		=====Compound tenses=====
	*Present progressive: Imperfect (minus suffixes and with final accent) + Perfect of ''-(ah)alaw'' - e.g. ''yikeéd(ah)alaw'' "he is walking/going".		*Present progressive: Imperfect (minus suffixes and with final accent) + Perfect of ''-(ah)alaw'' - e.g. ''yikeéd(ah)alaw'' "he is walking/going".
	**This is derived from the defective verb ''halaw'' "he is present" (~~notice that it~~ has present meaning ~~despite the perfect form~~)		**This is derived from the defective verb ''halaw'' "he is present".
	*Past progressive: Imperfect (minus suffixes and with final accent) + Perfect of ''~~nabar~~'' "he was present" - e.g. ''yikeéd nabrúun'' "they were walking/going".		**''Halaw'' (stem: ''h-l-w'') is conjugated as a perfect verb, but has present meaning. Its past equivalent is ''nabraw'' (stem: ''n-b-r'').
			*Past progressive: Imperfect (minus suffixes and with final accent) + Perfect of ''nabraw'' "he was present" - e.g. ''yikeéd nabrúun'' "they were walking/going".

	==Syntax==		==Syntax==

Shariifka: /* Stem 1 */

2022-06-18T12:47:18Z

Stem 1

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:47, 18 June 2022
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	*If ''L'' is:-		*If ''L'' is:-
	**y:		**y:
	**''(a)ya'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''sallayd'' "she prayed" (from ''sallayad'')		**''(a)ya(y)'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''sallayd'' "she prayed" (from ''sallayad'')
	**''(a)~~yay~~'' becomes ''~~eey~~'' - e.g. ''~~salleey~~'' "I prayed" (from ''~~sallayay~~'').		**''(a)yaw'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''sallaw'' "he prayed" (from ''sallayaw'').
	**Final ''iy'' becomes ''i'' (''ii'' before a consonant) - e.g. ''silli'' "pray" (from ''silliy'').		**Final ''iy'' becomes ''i'' (''ii'' before a consonant) - e.g. ''silli'' "pray" (from ''silliy'').
	**''yu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinasúun'' "they forget" (from ''yinasyúun'').		**''yu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinasúun'' "they forget" (from ''yinasyúun'').
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	***The gerundive takes the base ''FaCíy-'' (''FaCíi-'' before a consonant).-->		***The gerundive takes the base ''FaCíy-'' (''FaCíi-'' before a consonant).-->
	**w:		**w:
	**''(a)wa'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''cafawd'' "she forgave" (from ''cafwad'').		**''(a)wa(w)'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''cafawd'' "she forgave" (from ''cafwad'').
	**''(a)way'' becomes ''~~ooy~~'' - e.g. ''~~cafooy~~'' "I forgave" (from ''cafway'').		**''(a)way'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''cafay'' "I forgave" (from ''cafway'').
	**Final ''iw'' becomes ''u'' (''uu'' before a consonant) and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'' - e.g. ''cufu'' "forgive" (from ''cifiw'').		**Final ''iw'' becomes ''u'' (''uu'' before a consonant) and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'' - e.g. ''cufu'' "forgive" (from ''cifiw'').
	**''wu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yacafúun'' "they forgive" (from ''yicafwúun'').		**''wu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yacafúun'' "they forgive" (from ''yicafwúun'').

Shariifka: /* Consonants */

2022-06-18T06:13:36Z

Consonants

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 ===Orthography===
 ===Consonants===
 ===Vowels===
 ===Prosody===

Shariifka at 20:27, 17 June 2022

2022-06-17T20:27:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:27, 17 June 2022
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	\|fam1 = [[w:Afro-Asiatic_languages\|Afro-Asiatic]]		\|fam1 = [[w:Afro-Asiatic_languages\|Afro-Asiatic]]
	\|fam2 = [[w:Semitic_languages\|Semitic]]		\|fam2 = [[w:Semitic_languages\|Semitic]]
			\|fam3 = [[w:South_Semitic_languages\|South Semitic]]
			\|fam4 = [[w:Ethiopian_Semitic_languages\|Ethiopian Semitic]]
	<!--		<!--
	\|iso1 =		\|iso1 =

Shariifka at 20:19, 17 June 2022

2022-06-17T20:19:33Z

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 III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
 -->
 ==Introduction==
 Sharqi is an Ethiopian Semitic language heavily inspired by Somali.

Shariifka: /* Stem 1 */

2022-06-17T20:04:23Z

Stem 1

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:04, 17 June 2022
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	*If ''F'' is:-		*If ''F'' is:-
	**w:		**w:
	**''i'' becomes ''u'' before ''w'', with ''uw'' becoming ''uu'' before a consonant - e.g. ''al ~~yuudid~~'' "he does not love" (from ''yiwdid'').		**''i'' becomes ''u'' before ''w'', with ''uw'' becoming ''uu'' before a consonant. If the following syllable has the vowel ''i'', it also becomea ''u'' - e.g. ''al yuudud'' "he does not love" (from ''yiwdid'').
	**The sequence ''uwa'' is further simplified to ''oo'' - e.g. ''yoodad'' "he loves" (from ''yuwadad'' < ''*yiwadad'').		**The sequence ''uwa'' is further simplified to ''oo'' - e.g. ''yoodad'' "he loves" (from ''yuwadad'' < ''*yiwadad'').
	**y:		**y:

Shariifka: /* Stem 1 */

2022-06-17T17:53:39Z

Stem 1

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:47, 18 June 2022
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	*If ''L'' is:-		*If ''L'' is:-
	**y:		**y:
	**''(a)ya'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''sallayd'' "she prayed" (from ''sallayad'')		**''(a)ya(y)'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''sallayd'' "she prayed" (from ''sallayad'')
	**''(a)~~yay~~'' becomes ''~~eey~~'' - e.g. ''~~salleey~~'' "I prayed" (from ''~~sallayay~~'').		**''(a)yaw'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''sallaw'' "he prayed" (from ''sallayaw'').
	**Final ''iy'' becomes ''i'' (''ii'' before a consonant) - e.g. ''silli'' "pray" (from ''silliy'').		**Final ''iy'' becomes ''i'' (''ii'' before a consonant) - e.g. ''silli'' "pray" (from ''silliy'').
	**''yu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinasúun'' "they forget" (from ''yinasyúun'').		**''yu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinasúun'' "they forget" (from ''yinasyúun'').
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	***The gerundive takes the base ''FaCíy-'' (''FaCíi-'' before a consonant).-->		***The gerundive takes the base ''FaCíy-'' (''FaCíi-'' before a consonant).-->
	**w:		**w:
	**''(a)wa'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''cafawd'' "she forgave" (from ''cafwad'').		**''(a)wa(w)'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''cafawd'' "she forgave" (from ''cafwad'').
	**''(a)way'' becomes ''~~ooy~~'' - e.g. ''~~cafooy~~'' "I forgave" (from ''cafway'').		**''(a)way'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''cafay'' "I forgave" (from ''cafway'').
	**Final ''iw'' becomes ''u'' (''uu'' before a consonant) and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'' - e.g. ''cufu'' "forgive" (from ''cifiw'').		**Final ''iw'' becomes ''u'' (''uu'' before a consonant) and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'' - e.g. ''cufu'' "forgive" (from ''cifiw'').
	**''wu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yacafúun'' "they forgive" (from ''yicafwúun'').		**''wu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yacafúun'' "they forgive" (from ''yicafwúun'').

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 17 June 2022
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	\|-		\|-
	!2P		!2P
	\| '''''tiFaC(a)Lúun''''' \|\| ''tiqadlúun''\|\| '''''tiF(i)CiLúun''''' \|\| ''tiqdilúun''\|\| '''''FaCaLkúun''''' \|\| ''qadalkúun''\|\|'''''FìC(á)Lo''''' \|\| ''~~qídlo~~'' \|\| '''''tiF(a)CaLúun''''' \|\| ''tiqdalúun''		\| '''''tiFaC(a)Lúun''''' \|\| ''tiqadlúun''\|\| '''''tiF(i)CiLúun''''' \|\| ''tiqdilúun''\|\| '''''FaCaLkúun''''' \|\| ''qadalkúun''\|\|'''''FìC(á)Lo''''' \|\| ''qídlu'' \|\| '''''tiF(a)CaLúun''''' \|\| ''tiqdalúun''
	\|-		\|-
	!3P		!3P
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	**''(a)yay'' becomes ''eey'' - e.g. ''salleey'' "I prayed" (from ''sallayay'').		**''(a)yay'' becomes ''eey'' - e.g. ''salleey'' "I prayed" (from ''sallayay'').
	**Final ''iy'' becomes ''i'' (''ii'' before a consonant) - e.g. ''silli'' "pray" (from ''silliy'').		**Final ''iy'' becomes ''i'' (''ii'' before a consonant) - e.g. ''silli'' "pray" (from ''silliy'').
	**''~~yuu~~'' becomes ''uu'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinasúun'' "they forget" (from ''yinasyúun'').		**''yu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinasúun'' "they forget" (from ''yinasyúun'').
	<!--		<!--
	*''~~ayuu~~'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''yisalláwn'' "they pray" (from ''yisallayúun'')		*''ayu(u)'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''yisalláwn'' "they pray" (from ''yisallayúun'')
	*''iyuu'' becomes ''uu'' - e.g. ''al tisillúun'' "you ''(pl.)'' do not pray" (from ''tisilliyúun'')		*''iyuu'' becomes ''uu'' - e.g. ''al tisillúun'' "you ''(pl.)'' do not pray" (from ''tisilliyúun'')
	-->		-->
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	**''(a)way'' becomes ''ooy'' - e.g. ''cafooy'' "I forgave" (from ''cafway'').		**''(a)way'' becomes ''ooy'' - e.g. ''cafooy'' "I forgave" (from ''cafway'').
	**Final ''iw'' becomes ''u'' (''uu'' before a consonant) and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'' - e.g. ''cufu'' "forgive" (from ''cifiw'').		**Final ''iw'' becomes ''u'' (''uu'' before a consonant) and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'' - e.g. ''cufu'' "forgive" (from ''cifiw'').
	**''~~wuu~~'' becomes ''uu'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yacafúun'' "they forgive" (from ''yicafwúun'').		**''wu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yacafúun'' "they forgive" (from ''yicafwúun'').
	**''~~awuu~~'' becomes ''ow'' - e.g. ''yiqandhówn'' "they get a fever" (from ''yiqandhawúun'').		**''awu(u)'' becomes ''ow'' - e.g. ''yiqandhówn'' "they get a fever" (from ''yiqandhawúun'').
	**''iwuu'' becomes ''uu'' e.g. ''ay ticfúun'' "do not forgive ''(pl.)''" (from ''ticfiwúun'')		**''iwuu'' becomes ''uu'' e.g. ''ay ticfúun'' "do not forgive ''(pl.)''" (from ''ticfiwúun'')
	<!--		<!--
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	**''aØ(a)/Øa'' becomes ''aa'' - e.g. ''nashaad'' "she took/lifted" (from ''nashaØad'').		**''aØ(a)/Øa'' becomes ''aa'' - e.g. ''nashaad'' "she took/lifted" (from ''nashaØad'').
	**Final ''iØ'' becomes ''i'' (''ii'' before a consonant) - e.g. ''níshi'' "take/lift" (from ''níshiØ'').		**Final ''iØ'' becomes ''i'' (''ii'' before a consonant) - e.g. ''níshi'' "take/lift" (from ''níshiØ'').
	**''~~Øuu~~'' becomes ''uu'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinashúun'' "they take/lift" (from ''yinashØúun'').		**''Øu(u)'' becomes ''u(u)'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinashúun'' "they take/lift" (from ''yinashØúun'').
	**''~~aØuu~~'' becomes ''ow'' - e.g. ''yuwaddówn'' "they finish" (from ''yiwaddaØúun'')		**''aØu(u)'' becomes ''ow'' - e.g. ''yuwaddówn'' "they finish" (from ''yiwaddaØúun'')
	**''iØuu'' becomes ''uu'' e.g. ''al tinshúun'' "you ''(pl.)'' do not take/lift" (from ''tinshiØúun'')		**''iØuu'' becomes ''uu'' e.g. ''al tinshúun'' "you ''(pl.)'' do not take/lift" (from ''tinshiØúun'')
	<!--		<!--