Tengos - Revision history

Nicomega: adding categories

2021-02-08T14:50:27Z

adding categories

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:50, 8 February 2021
Line 177:		Line 177:
	===Noun phrase===		===Noun phrase===
	===Verb phrase===		===Verb phrase===

			[[Category:Languages]]
			[[Category:Conlangs]]

Chrysophylax: /* Borodin scheme */

2014-08-24T15:43:05Z

Borodin scheme

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:43, 24 August 2014
Line 100:		Line 100:
	The history of writing Tengos is long and varied. Originally written with an adapted form of Akkadian cuneiform, it now regularly romanized using the RST.		The history of writing Tengos is long and varied. Originally written with an adapted form of Akkadian cuneiform, it now regularly romanized using the RST.
	====Borodin scheme====		====Borodin scheme====
	The language was first given a romanisation by Prof. Jean-Claude Borodin in 1923 at the National University of Uzbekistan (then called First Central Asian State University). His scheme, also known as the '''Borodin scheme''' ~~laid the foundation for The Borodin scheme~~ assigns the following graphemes to the vowels:		The language was first given a romanisation by Prof. Jean-Claude Borodin in 1923 at the National University of Uzbekistan (then called First Central Asian State University). His scheme, also known as the '''Borodin scheme''' assigns the following graphemes to the vowels:
	<poem>		<poem>
	⟨a⟩ = /ɑ/		⟨a⟩ = /ɑ/
Line 112:		Line 112:
	⟨ou⟩ = /u/		⟨ou⟩ = /u/
	</poem>		</poem>
	Borodin also published a list of the adapted cuneiform signs with their basic meaning in French.		Borodin also published a list of the adapted cuneiform signs with their basic meaning in French.

	====Revised Tengosic Transcription====		====Revised Tengosic Transcription====
	Revised Tengosic Transcription or Revised Borodin is the latest method of romanizing Tengos. While originally only modifying Borodin's transcription rules, it now also formally includes rules for the transliteration of the cuneiform signs.		Revised Tengosic Transcription or Revised Borodin is the latest method of romanizing Tengos. While originally only modifying Borodin's transcription rules, it now also formally includes rules for the transliteration of the cuneiform signs.

Chrysophylax at 20:03, 31 July 2014

2014-07-31T20:03:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:03, 31 July 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Tengos''' (''tengos xut'' [tʰeɳ̩gos xɯt] ~~lit. ‘word sky’~~) or '''Tengosic''' is an extinct language isolate spoken by the ancient Xunten, who probably constituted part of the [[wikipedia:Kangju\|Kangju]] federation by the ancient oasis of [[wikipedia:Tashkent\|Tashkent]] in Central Asia. Tengos has no demonstrable relatives and is generally classified a [[wikipedia:language isolate\|language isolate]]. Using an adapted version of [[wikipedia:Akkadian cuneiform\|Akkadian cuneiform]], Xunten writers have left over 300 lengthy inscriptions, which has allowed the understanding of a significant amount of the language.		'''Tengos''' (''tengos'' [tʰeɳ̩gos] ‘word’ or ''tengos xut'' [tʰeɳ̩gos xɯt] ‘sky-word’) or '''Tengosic''' is an extinct language isolate spoken by the ancient Xunten, who probably constituted part of the [[wikipedia:Kangju\|Kangju]] federation by the ancient oasis of [[wikipedia:Tashkent\|Tashkent]] in Central Asia. Tengos has no demonstrable relatives and is generally classified a [[wikipedia:language isolate\|language isolate]]. Using an adapted version of [[wikipedia:Akkadian cuneiform\|Akkadian cuneiform]], Xunten writers have left over 300 lengthy inscriptions, which has allowed the understanding of a significant amount of the language.
	==History==		==History==
	==Phonology and phonotactics==		==Phonology and phonotactics==
Line 150:		Line 150:
	⟨x⟩ = /x/		⟨x⟩ = /x/
	⟨w⟩ = /ɰ/		⟨w⟩ = /ɰ/
			</poem>
	The consonants remain the same as in the Borodin scheme with the exception ⟨y⟩ = /j/. The transliteration of the Cuneiform is done using the Borodin list as well with a few modifications.		The consonants remain the same as in the Borodin scheme with the exception ⟨y⟩ = /j/. The transliteration of the Cuneiform is done using the Borodin list as well with a few modifications.

Chrysophylax: /* Revised Tengosic Transcription */

2014-07-31T18:41:05Z

Revised Tengosic Transcription

@@ Line 128: / Line 128: @@
 ⟨ü⟩ = /u/
 </poem>
-The consonants remain the same as in the Borodin scheme with the exception ⟨y⟩ = /j/. The language's typical vowel diaphora is never indicated in the transcription, as such the language's name is written ''tengos xut'' /tengɤs xɯt/ [tengos xɯt] and not ''tengös xut''.
+The language's typical vowel diaphora is never indicated in the transcription, as such the language's name is written ''tengos xut'' /tengɤs xɯt/ [tengos xɯt] and not ''tengös xut''.
 ===Phonotactics===
 The basic structure is CV(C)

Chrysophylax: /* Word restrictions */

2014-07-31T18:32:15Z

Word restrictions

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:32, 31 July 2014
Line 139:		Line 139:
	The only allowed medial cluster is nasal+stop, wherefore clusters of the CN type undergo metathesis to NC.		The only allowed medial cluster is nasal+stop, wherefore clusters of the CN type undergo metathesis to NC.
	====Word restrictions====		====Word restrictions====
			The only consonants that can occur word-finally are /s, m, n, t, r/.

	==Morphology==		==Morphology==

Chrysophylax: /* Vowel diaphora */

2014-07-31T13:17:50Z

Vowel diaphora

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:17, 31 July 2014
Line 95:		Line 95:
	* All vowels but /o a/ have lowered allophones word-finally: [ɪ ʏ ɛ œ ɯ̽ ʊ ʌ].		* All vowels but /o a/ have lowered allophones word-finally: [ɪ ʏ ɛ œ ɯ̽ ʊ ʌ].
	====Vowel diaphora====		====Vowel diaphora====
	A system of inverse vowel harmony is present in the word-formation system. Every suffix comes in two forms, one rounded, one not. If the preceding element is rounded, the suffix surfaces in the unrounded form and vice versa. E.g., ''xutun'' [xɯtʰun] ‘skies’ but ''~~jirun~~'' [~~ʒiɾɯn~~] ‘clouds’.		A system of inverse vowel harmony is present in the word-formation system. Every suffix comes in two forms, one rounded, one not. If the preceding element is rounded, the suffix surfaces in the unrounded form and vice versa. E.g., ''xutun'' [xɯtʰun] ‘skies’ but ''jïrun'' [ʒyɾɯn] ‘clouds’.

	===Orthography===		===Orthography===

Chrysophylax: /* Phonology and phonotactics */

2014-07-31T12:58:28Z

Phonology and phonotactics

@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 * Voiceless stops are aspirated in initial and medial position.
 * /b, d, v, d͡ʒ, ɡ/ are devoiced to [p, t, f, t͡ʃ, k] word- and morpheme-finally, as well as before a consonant.
-* /n/ assimilates to [ɳ̩] before a velar stop.
+* /n/ is assimilated before a velar stop and surfaces as [ɳ̩].
 ===Vowels===
@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 * All vowels but /o a/ have lowered allophones word-finally: [ɪ ʏ ɛ œ ɯ̽ ʊ ʌ].
 ===Phonotactics===
 The basic structure is CV(C)
@@ Line 100: / Line 137: @@
 ====Coda====
 ====Clusters====
 ====Word restrictions====
 ==Morphology==
 ===Nouns===

Chrysophylax: Created page with "'''Tengos''' (''tengos xut'' [tʰeɳ̩gos xɯt] lit. ‘word sky’) or '''Tengosic''' is an extinct language isolate spoken by the ancient Xunten, who probably constituted pa..."

2014-07-31T11:45:47Z

Created page with "'''Tengos''' (''tengos xut'' [tʰeɳ̩gos xɯt] lit. ‘word sky’) or '''Tengosic''' is an extinct language isolate spoken by the ancient Xunten, who probably constituted pa..."

New page

'''Tengos''' (''tengos xut'' [tʰeɳ̩gos xɯt] lit. ‘word sky’) or '''Tengosic''' is an extinct language isolate spoken by the ancient Xunten, who probably constituted part of the [[wikipedia:Kangju|Kangju]] federation by the ancient oasis of [[wikipedia:Tashkent|Tashkent]] in Central Asia. Tengos has no demonstrable relatives and is generally classified a [[wikipedia:language isolate|language isolate]]. Using an adapted version of [[wikipedia:Akkadian cuneiform|Akkadian cuneiform]], Xunten writers have left over 300 lengthy inscriptions, which has allowed the understanding of a significant amount of the language.
==History==
==Phonology and phonotactics==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;align:center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes in Tengos
!↓manner {{Pipe}} place→
!bilabial
!colspan="2"|dental
!colspan="2"|alveolar
!colspan="2"|velar
|-
!nasal
|colspan="2"|m
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!stop
|colspan="2"|p b
|colspan="2"|n
|colspan="2"|t d
|colspan="2"|k g
|-
!|fricative
|colspan="2"|{{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPA|s}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPA|x}}
|-
!affricate
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|{{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|colspan="2"|
|-
!trill
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|{{IPA|r}}
|
|-
!approximant
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|{{IPA|j}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPA|ɰ}}
|-
!lateral
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|{{IPA|l}}
|colspan="2"|
|}
* /v/ is [ʋ]
* /r/ is realized as a modal flap [ɾ] intervocalically.
* Voiceless stops are aspirated in initial and medial position.
* /b, d, v, d͡ʒ, ɡ/ are devoiced to [p, t, f, t͡ʃ, k] word- and morpheme-finally, as well as before a consonant.
* /n/ assimilates to [ɳ̩] before a velar stop.
===Vowels===

{| class="nounderlines" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"
||
| style="width:60px;" | '''Front'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Back'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close'''
| style="height:210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;width:300px;height:210px;">[[Image:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg|300px]]<div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;">
{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|-
| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;" |


<div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
i y</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">ɯ u</div>


<div style="position:absolute; left:24.4%; width:2.33em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
e ø</div>

<div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.66em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">ɤ o</div>

<div style="position:absolute; left:83.8%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
ɑ</div>
|}
</div></div>
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open'''
|}

* All vowels but /o a/ have lowered allophones word-finally: [ɪ ʏ ɛ œ ɯ̽ ʊ ʌ].
===Phonotactics===
The basic structure is CV(C)
====Onsets====
====Nucleus====
====Coda====
====Clusters====
====Word restrictions====
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Determiners===
====Demonstrative====
===Verbal morphology===
====Finite verbs====
====Infinite verbs====
====Adjectives====
===Personal pronouns===
==Syntax==
===Phrase order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===