Tocharian D - Revision history

Ogogogouy: /* Noun */

2022-10-31T01:15:44Z

Noun

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:15, 31 October 2022
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	\| -ñ		\| -ñ
	\| yähwañ		\| yähwañ
	\| ~~yähwanñ~~		\| yähwaññ
	\|}		\|}

Ogogogouy: /* Verb */

2022-10-30T21:44:18Z

Verb

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:44, 30 October 2022
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	===Verb===		===Verb===
			{{See\|sub\|Verbs}}
	Tocharian D verbs are conjugated in the following categories:		Tocharian D verbs are conjugated in the following categories:
	*Mood: indicative, subjunctive, imperative.		*Mood: indicative, subjunctive, imperative.

Ogogogouy: /* Noun */

2022-10-30T21:44:04Z

Noun

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:44, 30 October 2022
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	===Noun===		===Noun===
			{{See\|sub\|Nouns}}
	In addition to the six cases inherited from the Proto Indo-European Language (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental, vocative), secondary cases are formed by suffixes. For example, the Tocharian D word yähwa "horse" < PIE *eḱwos is declined as follows:		In addition to the six cases inherited from the Proto Indo-European Language (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental, vocative), secondary cases are formed by suffixes. For example, the Tocharian D word yähwa "horse" < PIE *eḱwos is declined as follows:

Ogogogouy: /* Comparison to other Indo-European languages */

2022-10-29T03:01:58Z

Comparison to other Indo-European languages

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:01, 29 October 2022
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	\|''five''\|\|'''fim'''\|\|'''päñ'''\|\|'''piś'''\|\|pénte\|\|páñca\|\|quīnque\|\|fimf\|\|fimf\|\|cóic\|\|pętь\|\|''*pénkʷe''		\|''five''\|\|'''fim'''\|\|'''päñ'''\|\|'''piś'''\|\|pénte\|\|páñca\|\|quīnque\|\|fimf\|\|fimf\|\|cóic\|\|pętь\|\|''*pénkʷe''
	\|-		\|-
	\|''six''\|\|'''~~tsäh~~'''\|\|'''ṣäk'''\|\|'''ṣkas'''\|\|héx\|\|ṣáṣ\|\|sex\|\|sehs\|\|saihs\|\|sé\|\|šestь\|\|''*swéḱs''		\|''six''\|\|'''śäh'''\|\|'''ṣäk'''\|\|'''ṣkas'''\|\|héx\|\|ṣáṣ\|\|sex\|\|sehs\|\|saihs\|\|sé\|\|šestь\|\|''*swéḱs''
	\|-		\|-
	\|''seven''\|\|'''~~tsäp~~'''\|\|'''ṣpät'''\|\|'''ṣukt'''\|\|heptá\|\|saptá\|\|septem\|\|sebun\|\|sibun\|\|secht\|\|sedmь\|\|''*septḿ̥''		\|''seven''\|\|'''śäp'''\|\|'''ṣpät'''\|\|'''ṣukt'''\|\|heptá\|\|saptá\|\|septem\|\|sebun\|\|sibun\|\|secht\|\|sedmь\|\|''*septḿ̥''
	\|-		\|-
	\|''eight''\|\|''' ahto'''\|\|'''okät'''\|\|'''okt'''\|\|oktṓ\|\|aṣṭáu, aṣṭá\|\|octō\|\|ahtōu\|\|ahtau\|\|ocht\|\|osmь\|\|''*oḱtṓw''		\|''eight''\|\|''' ahto'''\|\|'''okät'''\|\|'''okt'''\|\|oktṓ\|\|aṣṭáu, aṣṭá\|\|octō\|\|ahtōu\|\|ahtau\|\|ocht\|\|osmь\|\|''*oḱtṓw''
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	\|''brother''\|\|'''pracer'''\|\|'''pracar'''\|\|'''procer'''\|\|phrā́tēr\|\|bhrātṛ\|\|frāter\|\|brōþēr\|\|brōþar\|\|bráthair\|\|bràtrъ\|\|''*bʰréh₂tēr''		\|''brother''\|\|'''pracer'''\|\|'''pracar'''\|\|'''procer'''\|\|phrā́tēr\|\|bhrātṛ\|\|frāter\|\|brōþēr\|\|brōþar\|\|bráthair\|\|bràtrъ\|\|''*bʰréh₂tēr''
	\|-		\|-
	\|''sister''\|\|'''~~tsäster~~'''\|\|'''ṣar'''\|\|'''ṣer'''\|\|éor\|\|svásṛ\|\|soror\|\|swestēr\|\|swistar\|\|siur\|\|sestrà\|\|''*swésōr''		\|''sister''\|\|'''śyäscer'''\|\|'''ṣar'''\|\|'''ṣer'''\|\|éor\|\|svásṛ\|\|soror\|\|swestēr\|\|swistar\|\|siur\|\|sestrà\|\|''*swésōr''
	\|-		\|-
	\|''horse''\|\|'''yähwa'''\|\|'''yuk'''\|\|'''yakwe'''\|\|híppos\|\|áśva-\|\|equus\|\|ehwaz\|\|aiƕs\|\|ech\|\|([[w:Balto-Slavic\|Balto-Slavic]] ''áśwāˀ'')\|\|''*h₁éḱwos''		\|''horse''\|\|'''yähwa'''\|\|'''yuk'''\|\|'''yakwe'''\|\|híppos\|\|áśva-\|\|equus\|\|ehwaz\|\|aiƕs\|\|ech\|\|([[w:Balto-Slavic\|Balto-Slavic]] ''áśwāˀ'')\|\|''*h₁éḱwos''

Ogogogouy at 02:52, 29 October 2022

2022-10-29T02:52:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:52, 29 October 2022
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	!'''''Toch. D'''''!! meaning !! Toch. B		!'''''Toch. D'''''!! meaning !! Toch. B
	\|-		\|-
	\|scepa nom.(a-stem)\|\|sheep(cognite of PGm *skēpą)\|\|śaiyye, eye		\|'''scepa''' nom.(a-stem)\|\|sheep(cognite of PGm *skēpą)\|\|śaiyye, eye
	\|-		\|-
	\|yähwa nom.(a-stem)\|\|horse(< PToch yäkwe)\|\|haye, yakwe		\|'''yähwa''' nom.(a-stem)\|\|horse(< PToch yäkwe)\|\|haye, yakwe
	\|-		\|-
	\|kuse REL\|\|that(relative pronoun)\|\|kuce		\|'''kuse''' REL\|\|that(relative pronoun)\|\|kuce
	\|-		\|-
	\|wälla nom.(ō-stem)\|\|wool\|\|yok		\|'''wälla''' nom.(ō-stem)\|\|wool\|\|yok
	\|-		\|-
	\|ñä\|\|no, not any\|\|mā		\|'''ñä'''\|\|no, not any\|\|mā
	\|-		\|-
	\|hapia v.(weak)\|\|have\|\|?		\|'''hapia''' v.(weak)\|\|have\|\|?
	\|-		\|-
	\|šähwa v.(Strong class5)\|\|see(*sehwaną)\|\|läk-, pälk-		\|'''šähwa''' v.(Strong class5)\|\|see(*sehwaną)\|\|läk-, pälk-
	\|-		\|-
	\|ayna nom.(a-stem)\|\|one\|\|še		\|'''ayna''' nom.(a-stem)\|\|one\|\|še
	\|-		\|-
	\|swera adj.\|\|heavy(*swēraz)\|\|kramartstse		\|'''swera''' adj.\|\|heavy(*swēraz)\|\|kramartstse
	\|-		\|-
	\|wakna nom.(a-stem)\|\|wagon\|\|kleńke, kokale		\|'''wakna''' nom.(a-stem)\|\|wagon\|\|kleńke, kokale
	\|-		\|-
	\|yäka v.(strong class5)\|\|pull\|\|yärtt-		\|'''yäka''' v.(strong class5)\|\|pull\|\|yärtt-
	\|-		\|-
	\|mitsälana adj.\|\|big, large\|\|orotstse		\|'''mitsälana''' adj.\|\|big, large\|\|orotstse
	\|-		\|-
	\|perpent nom.(root-stem)\|\|load, burden\|\|calle, perpette, talle		\|'''perpent''' nom.(root-stem)\|\|load, burden\|\|calle, perpette, talle
	\|-		\|-
	\|kwäma nom.(an-stem)\|\|man, human\|\|śaumo		\|'''kwäma''' nom.(an-stem)\|\|man, human\|\|śaumo
	\|-		\|-
	\|ramer adv.\|\|quickly, suddenly\|\|ramer, ñatke		\|'''ramer''' adv.\|\|quickly, suddenly\|\|ramer, ñatke
	\|-		\|-
	\|satsa v.(weak)\|\|say\|\|we-		\|'''satsa''' v.(weak)\|\|say\|\|we-
	\|-		\|-
	\|yak/mik/mina/mi\|\|pron.1.sg.\|\|ñaś		\|'''yak/mik/mina/mi'''\|\|pron.1.sg.\|\|ñaś
	\|-		\|-
	\|tsärta nom.(an-stem)\|\|heart\|\|arañce		\|'''tsärta''' nom.(an-stem)\|\|heart\|\|arañce
	\|-		\|-
	\|smirta v.(strong class3)\|\|hurt, pain\|\|mi-		\|'''smirta''' v.(strong class3)\|\|hurt, pain\|\|mi-
	\|-		\|-
	\|tŕipa v.(strong class1)\|\|drive\|\|āk-, kälts-		\|'''tŕipa''' v.(strong class1)\|\|drive\|\|āk-, kälts-
	\|-		\|-
	\|hluša v.(strong class2-u)\|\|listen, hear\|\|klyaus-		\|'''hluša''' v.(strong class2-u)\|\|listen, hear\|\|klyaus-
	\|-		\|-
	\|wi/wä/wänšära/wänš\|\|pron.1.pl.\|\|wes		\|'''wi/wä/wänšära/wänš'''\|\|pron.1.pl.\|\|wes
	\|-		\|-
	\|käššä nom.(i-stem)\|\|teacher, master\|\|käššī, upādhyāye		\|'''käššä''' nom.(i-stem)\|\|teacher, master\|\|käššī, upādhyāye
	\|-		\|-
	\|yä/yäna/yä/yämay\|\|pron.3.sg.m.\|\|su		\|'''yä/yäna/yä/yämay'''\|\|pron.3.sg.m.\|\|su
	\|-		\|-
	\|warma adj.\|\|warm\|\|emalle		\|'''warma''' adj.\|\|warm\|\|emalle
	\|-		\|-
	\|wetsä nom.(i-stem)\|\|garment, clothes\|\|wastsi, yesti		\|'''wetsä''' nom.(i-stem)\|\|garment, clothes\|\|wastsi, yesti
	\|-		\|-
	\|skapa v.(strong class6)\|\|make, create\|\|klutk-, yām-, ritt-		\|'''skapa''' v.(strong class6)\|\|make, create\|\|klutk-, yām-, ritt-
	\|-		\|-
	\|θa/θana/θa/θamay\|\|pron.3.sg.n.\|\|te, tu		\|'''θa/θana/θa/θamay'''\|\|pron.3.sg.n.\|\|te, tu
	\|-		\|-
	\|hoši v.(weak)\|\|listen, hear\|\|klyaus-		\|'''hoši''' v.(weak)\|\|listen, hear\|\|klyaus-
	\|-		\|-
	\|miša nom.(a-stem)\|\|plain, field\|\|mīše, keta, šito (?)		\|'''miša''' nom.(a-stem)\|\|plain, field\|\|mīše, keta, šito (?)
	\|-		\|-
	\|flyoha v.(strong class2-e)\|\|flee, escape\|\|mlutk-		\|'''flyoha''' v.(strong class2-e)\|\|flee, escape\|\|mlutk-
	\|-		\|-

Ogogogouy at 02:47, 29 October 2022

2022-10-29T02:47:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:47, 29 October 2022
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	===Verb===		===Verb===
	Tocharian verbs are conjugated in the following categories:		Tocharian D verbs are conjugated in the following categories:
	*Mood: indicative, subjunctive, imperative.		*Mood: indicative, subjunctive, imperative.
	*Tense: present, past.		*Tense: present, past.

Ogogogouy at 15:20, 28 October 2022

2022-10-28T15:20:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:20, 28 October 2022
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	:{{cardosmall\|scepa, kuse ñä wälla hafacet, yähwan šehwt; ayna swerana wakna waht, ayna mitsälana perpent, ayna kwämanu ramer waht. scepa yähwan sascet: “mina tsärta mik smircac, ente yähwan tŕipa kwämanu šähwa .” yähwi satsetanc: “pähluš, scep! wänšära tsärti wä smircanc ente θana šähwama: ente kwäma, käššä, scepay wälla yäna warmana wetsice skapic. špä scepa ñä wälla hapic.” ente θa hoša, scepa mišanë floht.}}		:{{cardosmall\|scepa, kuse ñä wälla hafacet, yähwan šehwt; ayna swerana wakna waht, ayna mitsälana perpent, ayna kwämanu ramer waht. scepa yähwan sascet: “mina tsärta mik smircac, ente yähwan tŕipa kwämanu šähwa .” yähwi satsetanc: “pähluš, scep! wänšära tsärti wä smircanc ente θana šähwama: ente kwäma, käššä, scepay wälla yäna warmana wetsice skapic. špä scepa ñä wälla hapic.” ente θa hoša, scepa mišanë floht.}}

			{\| style="margin:0 auto;font-size: 90%;" class="toccolours" colspan="2" cellpadding="3"
			\|-
			\|align=center colspan=13 style="background:#ccf"\| '''vocabulary'''
			\|-
			\|- bgcolor="#cdcdcd"
			\|-
			!'''''Toch. D'''''!! meaning !! Toch. B
			\|-
			\|scepa nom.(a-stem)\|\|sheep(cognite of PGm *skēpą)\|\|śaiyye, eye
			\|-
			\|yähwa nom.(a-stem)\|\|horse(< PToch yäkwe)\|\|haye, yakwe
			\|-
			\|kuse REL\|\|that(relative pronoun)\|\|kuce
			\|-
			\|wälla nom.(ō-stem)\|\|wool\|\|yok
			\|-
			\|ñä\|\|no, not any\|\|mā
			\|-
			\|hapia v.(weak)\|\|have\|\|?
			\|-
			\|šähwa v.(Strong class5)\|\|see(*sehwaną)\|\|läk-, pälk-
			\|-
			\|ayna nom.(a-stem)\|\|one\|\|še
			\|-
			\|swera adj.\|\|heavy(*swēraz)\|\|kramartstse
			\|-
			\|wakna nom.(a-stem)\|\|wagon\|\|kleńke, kokale
			\|-
			\|yäka v.(strong class5)\|\|pull\|\|yärtt-
			\|-
			\|mitsälana adj.\|\|big, large\|\|orotstse
			\|-
			\|perpent nom.(root-stem)\|\|load, burden\|\|calle, perpette, talle
			\|-
			\|kwäma nom.(an-stem)\|\|man, human\|\|śaumo
			\|-
			\|ramer adv.\|\|quickly, suddenly\|\|ramer, ñatke
			\|-
			\|satsa v.(weak)\|\|say\|\|we-
			\|-
			\|yak/mik/mina/mi\|\|pron.1.sg.\|\|ñaś
			\|-
			\|tsärta nom.(an-stem)\|\|heart\|\|arañce
			\|-
			\|smirta v.(strong class3)\|\|hurt, pain\|\|mi-
			\|-
			\|tŕipa v.(strong class1)\|\|drive\|\|āk-, kälts-
			\|-
			\|hluša v.(strong class2-u)\|\|listen, hear\|\|klyaus-
			\|-
			\|wi/wä/wänšära/wänš\|\|pron.1.pl.\|\|wes
			\|-
			\|käššä nom.(i-stem)\|\|teacher, master\|\|käššī, upādhyāye
			\|-
			\|yä/yäna/yä/yämay\|\|pron.3.sg.m.\|\|su
			\|-
			\|warma adj.\|\|warm\|\|emalle
			\|-
			\|wetsä nom.(i-stem)\|\|garment, clothes\|\|wastsi, yesti
			\|-
			\|skapa v.(strong class6)\|\|make, create\|\|klutk-, yām-, ritt-
			\|-
			\|θa/θana/θa/θamay\|\|pron.3.sg.n.\|\|te, tu
			\|-
			\|hoši v.(weak)\|\|listen, hear\|\|klyaus-
			\|-
			\|miša nom.(a-stem)\|\|plain, field\|\|mīše, keta, šito (?)
			\|-
			\|flyoha v.(strong class2-e)\|\|flee, escape\|\|mlutk-
			\|-

Ogogogouy at 15:10, 28 October 2022

2022-10-28T15:10:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 28 October 2022
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	:{{cardo\|scepa špä yähwimpa}}		:{{cardo\|scepa špä yähwimpa}}

	:{{cardosmall\|scepa, kuse ñä wälla hafacet, yähwan šehwt; ayna swerana wakna waht, ayna mitsälana perpent, ayna kwämanu ramer waht. scepa yähwan sascet: “mina tsärta mik smircac, ente yähwan tŕipa kwämanu šähwa .” yähwi satsetanc: “pähluš, scep! wänšära tsärti wä smircanc ente ~~þana~~ šähwama: ente kwäma, käššä, scepay wälla yäna warmana wetsice skapic. špä scepa ñä wälla hapic.” ente þa hoša, scepa mišanë floht.}}		:{{cardosmall\|scepa, kuse ñä wälla hafacet, yähwan šehwt; ayna swerana wakna waht, ayna mitsälana perpent, ayna kwämanu ramer waht. scepa yähwan sascet: “mina tsärta mik smircac, ente yähwan tŕipa kwämanu šähwa .” yähwi satsetanc: “pähluš, scep! wänšära tsärti wä smircanc ente θana šähwama: ente kwäma, käššä, scepay wälla yäna warmana wetsice skapic. špä scepa ñä wälla hapic.” ente θa hoša, scepa mišanë floht.}}

Ogogogouy: adding Sample

2022-10-28T15:09:30Z

adding Sample

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:09, 28 October 2022
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	\|''to milk''\|\|'''milkana'''\|\|'''mālkā'''\|\|'''mālkant'''\|\|amélgein\|\|–\|\|mulgēre\|\|melkaną\|\|miluks\|\|bligid ([[w:Middle Irish\|MIr]])\|\|melzti\|\|''*h₂melǵ-eye''		\|''to milk''\|\|'''milkana'''\|\|'''mālkā'''\|\|'''mālkant'''\|\|amélgein\|\|–\|\|mulgēre\|\|melkaną\|\|miluks\|\|bligid ([[w:Middle Irish\|MIr]])\|\|melzti\|\|''*h₂melǵ-eye''
	\|}		\|}

			==Sample==
			Schleicher's fable in Tocharian D:
			:{{cardo\|scepa špä yähwimpa}}

			:{{cardosmall\|scepa, kuse ñä wälla hafacet, yähwan šehwt; ayna swerana wakna waht, ayna mitsälana perpent, ayna kwämanu ramer waht. scepa yähwan sascet: “mina tsärta mik smircac, ente yähwan tŕipa kwämanu šähwa .” yähwi satsetanc: “pähluš, scep! wänšära tsärti wä smircanc ente þana šähwama: ente kwäma, käššä, scepay wälla yäna warmana wetsice skapic. špä scepa ñä wälla hapic.” ente þa hoša, scepa mišanë floht.}}

Ogogogouy: Created page with "Category:Languages Category:Conlangs Category:A_posteriori Category:Indo-European_languages Category:Tocharian_languages {{construction}} {{Infobox languag..."

2022-10-28T15:04:11Z

Created page with "Category:Languages Category:Conlangs Category:A_posteriori Category:Indo-European_languages Category:Tocharian_languages {{construction}} {{Infobox languag..."

New page

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A_posteriori]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]
[[Category:Tocharian_languages]]
{{construction}}
{{Infobox language
|name = Tocharian D
|nativename = Täma Wiθan
|pronunciation = /təma wiθan/
|creator = [[User:Ogogogouy]]
|created = 2022
|setting =
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
|fam2 = [[w:Tocharian_languages|Tocharian]]
|script = [[w:Tocharian_script]], Wusun script
|-
| nation =
| notice = IPA
}}

'''Tocharian D''' is a language that was spoken until around the 6th century in the region straddling southeastern Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan (Kurguzstan). It is classified in the [[w:Tocharian languages|Tocharian branch]] of the [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]]. The language is known to have had an agglutinative character. It is one of the dead languages. Johann S. Munchausen, a researcher of Tocharian D, claims that it is the language of [[w:Wusun|Wusun]], which existed around Lake Issyk (present-day Kyrgyzstan).
A manuscript dating from 300-500 A.D., written in the Greek-like Wusun script and the Brahmi-like [[w:Tocharian script|Tocharian script]], has been found in the ruins of a fortress at the bottom of Lake Balhash and in the remains of a city at the northern foot of the Tien Shan Mountains.

== Phonology ==
===[[w:Vowel|Vowel]]s===
{|class="wikitable"
!
![[w:Front vowel|Front]]
![[w:Central vowel|Central]]
![[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-align=center
![[w:Close vowel|Close]]
|i || || u
|-align=center
![[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
|e
|ä
|o
|-align=center
![[w:Open vowel|Open]]
|
|a
|
|}

Tocharian D also has the [[w:diphthong|diphthong]]s, ay, ey, oy, uy, äy

===[[w:Consonant|Consonant]]s===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!|  
! [[w:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
! [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[w:Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-palatal]]
! [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]

|-
!| [[w:Stop consonant|Plosive]]
| ''p'' {{IPA|/p/}}
| ''t'' {{IPA|/t/}}
|  
| ''c'' {{IPA|/tɕ/}}
|  
| ''k'' {{IPA|/k/}}
|-
!| [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|  
|  
| ''ts'' {{IPA|/ts/}}
|  
|  
|  
|-
!| [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| ''f'' {{IPA|/f/}}
| ''θ'' {{IPA|/θ/}}
| ''s'' {{IPA|/s/}}
| ''ś'' {{IPA|/ɕ/}}
|  
| ''h'' {{IPA|/h/}}
|-
!| [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| ''m'' {{IPA|/m/}}
| ''n'' {{IPA|/n/}}
|  
|  
| ''ñ'' {{IPA|/ɲ/}}
|  
|-
!| [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
|  
|  
| ''r'' {{IPA|/r/}}
|  
|  
|  
|-
!| [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| ''w'' {{IPA|/w/}}
|  
|  
|  
| ''y'' {{IPA|/j/}}
|  
|-
!| [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral approximant]]
|  
|  
| ''l'' {{IPA|/l/}}
|  
| ''ly'' {{IPA|/ʎ/}}
|  
|}

==Morphology==
Unlike Tocharian A and B, Tocharian D has largely inherited the Indo-European ancestral language system.

===Noun===
In addition to the six cases inherited from the Proto Indo-European Language (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental, vocative), secondary cases are formed by suffixes. For example, the Tocharian D word yähwa "horse" < PIE *eḱwos is declined as follows:

{| class=wikitable
|-
! rowspan=2|[[w:Grammatical case|Case]]
! colspan=3|Tocharian D
|-
! [[w:Suffix]]
! [[w:Grammatical number|Singular]]
! [[w:Plural]]
|-
| [[w:nominative case|Nominative]]
| —
| yähwa
| yähwi
|-
| [[w:vocative case|Vocative]]
| —
| yahw
| —
|-
| [[w:accusative case|Accusative]]
| —
| yähwa
| yähwan
|-
| [[w:genitive case|Genitive]]
| —
| yähway
| yähwan
|-
| [[w:dative case|Dative]]
| —
| yähway
| yähwama
|-
| [[w:instrumental case|Instrumental]]
| —
| yähwa
| yähwami
|-
| [[w:Perlative case|Perlative]]
| -sa
| yähwasa
| yähwantsa
|-
| [[w:comitative case|Comitative]]
| -aśśäl
| yähwaśśäl
| yähwanaśśäl
|-
| [[w:allative case|Allative]]
| -ś(c)
| yähwaś(c)
| yähwanś(c)
|-
| [[w:ablative case|Ablative]]
| -äś
| yähwaś
| yähwanäś
|-
| [[w:locative case|Locative]]
| -ne
| yähwane
| yähwanne
|-
| [[w:causative case|Causative]]
| -ñ
| yähwañ
| yähwanñ
|}

===Verb===
Tocharian verbs are conjugated in the following categories:
*Mood: indicative, subjunctive, imperative.
*Tense: present, past.
*Voice: active, passive.
*Person: 1st, 2nd, 3rd.
*Number: singular, dual, plural.
*Non-finite: active participle, passive participle.

An example verb: ñämana "to take"

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Indicative
! colspan="2" | Subjunctive
! Imperative
|-
! Active
! Passive
! Active
! Passive
! Active
|-
! rowspan="8" | Present
! 1st sing
| ñäma || ñämay || ñämo || ñämay || —
|-
! 2nd sing
| ñämiś || ñämasayäso || ñämays || ñämayäso || päñäm
|-
! 3rd sing
| ñämic || ñämasayäto || ñämayt || ñämayäto || päñämato
|-
! 1st dual
| ñämaw || rowspan="5" | ñämantay || ñämayäw || rowspan="5" | ñämayänto || —
|-
! 2nd dual
| ñämac || ñämayäc || päñämac
|-
! 1st plur
| ñämama || ñämayäm || —
|-
! 2nd plur
| ñämi || ñämay || päñämi
|-
! 3rd plur
| ñämanc || ñämayanc || päñämanto
|-
! rowspan="8" | Past
! 1st sing
| naf
| rowspan="8" | —
| ñemi
| colspan="2" rowspan="8" | —
|-
! 2nd sing
| nafs
| ñemis
|-
! 3rd sing
| naft
| ñemit
|-
! 1st dual
| ñemu
| ñemiw
|-
! 2nd dual
| ñemäc
| ñemic
|-
! 1st plur
| ñemäm
| ñemim
|-
! 2nd plur
| ñemu
| ñemi
|-
! 3rd plur
| ñemänc
| ñeminc
|-
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
| colspan="5" | ñämana
|-
! colspan="2" | Present Participle
| colspan="5" | ñäma
|-
! colspan="2" | Past Participle
| colspan="5" | nmana
|}

==Comparison to other Indo-European languages==

{| style="margin:0 auto;font-size: 90%;" class="toccolours" colspan="2" cellpadding="3"
|-
|align=center colspan=13 style="background:#ccf"| '''Tocharian vocabulary (sample)'''
|-
|- bgcolor="#cdcdcd"
!'''''English'''''!! Tocharian D !! Tocharian A !! Tocharian B !! [[w:Ancient Greek]] !! [[w:Vedic Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] !! [[w:Latin]] !! [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] !! [[w:Gothic language|Gothic]] !! [[w:Old Irish]] !! [[w:Proto-Slavic language|Proto-Slavic]] !! [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|-
|''one''||'''aynä'''||'''sas'''||'''ṣe'''||heîs, hen||sa(kṛ́t)||semel||*simla||simle||samail||*sǫ-||*sḗm> PToch *sems
|-
|''two''||'''way'''||'''wu'''||'''wi'''||dúo||dvā́||duo||*twai||twái||dá||*dъva||''*dwóh₁''
|-
|''three''||'''θŕä'''||'''tre'''||'''trai'''||treîs||tráyas||trēs||*þrīz||þreis||trí||*trьje||''*tréyes''
|-
|''four''||''' fidär'''||'''śtwar'''||'''śtwer'''||téttares, téssares||catvā́ras, catúras||quattuor||*fedwōr||fidwōr||cethair||*četỳre||''*kʷetwóres''
|-
|''five''||'''fim'''||'''päñ'''||'''piś'''||pénte||páñca||quīnque||*fimf||fimf||cóic||*pętь||''*pénkʷe''
|-
|''six''||'''tsäh'''||'''ṣäk'''||'''ṣkas'''||héx||ṣáṣ||sex||*sehs||saihs||sé||*šestь||''*swéḱs''
|-
|''seven''||'''tsäp'''||'''ṣpät'''||'''ṣukt'''||heptá||saptá||septem||*sebun||sibun||secht||*sedmь||''*septḿ̥''
|-
|''eight''||''' ahto'''||'''okät'''||'''okt'''||oktṓ||aṣṭáu, aṣṭá||octō||*ahtōu||ahtau||ocht||*osmь||''*oḱtṓw''
|-
|''nine''||'''ño'''||'''ñu'''||'''ñu'''||ennéa||náva||novem||*newun||niun||noí||*dȅvętь||''*h₁néwn̥''
|-
|''ten''||'''cäh'''||'''śäk'''||'''śak'''||déka||dáśa||decem||*tehun||taihun||deich||*dȅsętь||''*déḱm̥t''
|-
|''hundred''||'''hwänta'''||'''känt'''||'''kante'''||hekatón||śatām||centum||*hundą||hund||cét||*sъto||''*ḱm̥tóm''
|-
|''father''||'''facer'''||'''pācar'''||'''pācer'''||patḗr||pitṛ||pater||*fadēr||fadar||athair|| – ||''*ph₂tḗr''
|-
|''mother''||'''macer'''||'''mācar'''||'''mācer'''||mḗtēr|||mātṛ||māter||*mōdēr||mōdar||máthair||*màti||''*méh₂tēr''
|-
|''brother''||'''pracer'''||'''pracar'''||'''procer'''||phrā́tēr||bhrātṛ||frāter||*brōþēr||brōþar||bráthair||*bràtrъ||''*bʰréh₂tēr''
|-
|''sister''||'''tsäster'''||'''ṣar'''||'''ṣer'''||éor||svásṛ||soror||*swestēr||swistar||siur||*sestrà||''*swésōr''
|-
|''horse''||'''yähwa'''||'''yuk'''||'''yakwe'''||híppos||áśva-||equus||*ehwaz||aiƕs||ech||([[w:Balto-Slavic|Balto-Slavic]] ''*áśwāˀ'')||''*h₁éḱwos''
|-
|''cow''||'''ku'''||'''ko'''||'''keu'''||boûs||gaúṣ||bōs||*kūz||([[w:Old English|OE]] ''cū'')||bó||*govę̀do||''*gʷṓws''
|-
|''voice''||'''wahma'''||'''vak'''||'''vek'''||épos||vāk||vōx||*wōhmaz||([[w:Dutch language|Du]] ge''wag'')||foccul||*vikъ||''*wṓkʷs''
|-
|''name''||'''nam'''||'''ñom'''||'''ñem'''||ónoma||nāman-||nōmen||*namô||namō||ainmm||*jь̏mę||''*h₁nómn̥''
|-
|''to milk''||'''milkana'''||'''mālkā'''||'''mālkant'''||amélgein||–||mulgēre||*melkaną||miluks||bligid ([[w:Middle Irish|MIr]])||*melzti||''*h₂melǵ-eye''
|}