User:Ceige/Ancient - Revision history

Ceige: /* Grammar */

2017-01-10T12:21:09Z

Grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:21, 10 January 2017
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	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
	=== ===		===Comparison of Morphology===
			<!-- Hattic informed by https://app.box.com/shared/2n64ab7i2d and http://www.philology.ru/linguistics4/dunayevskaya-dyakonov-79.htm -->

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! Cases !! Hurrian !! Urartian !! Hattic !! Sumerian !! Elamite !! P.Indo-European !! P.Uralic
			\|-
			! Absolutive
			\| -Ø <sup>-Ø, -lla </sup>\|\| -Ø <sup> -lə </sup>\|\| -- \|\| -Ø \|\| \|\| -- \|\| --
			\|-
			! Accusative
			\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -Ø, -šu/-tu \|\| -- \|\| -n \|\| -m \|\| -m
			\|-
			! Nominative
			\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -Ø \|\| -- \|\| \|\| -s, -Ø \|\| -Ø
			\|-
			! Ergative
			\| -š <sup>-šuš</sup> \|\| -š(ə) \|\| -- \|\| -e \|\| \|\| -- \|\| --
			\|-
			! Genitive
			\| -fe, -we <sup>-še </sup>, -ē \|\| -i <sup> -wə </sup> \|\| -n \|\| -ak \|\| (-na)<ref group=c>Earlier, personal suffixes with a possible epenthetic -i were used</ref> \|\| -s, -sy- \|\| -n
			\|-
			! Ablative
			\| -tan <sup>-štan </sup>\|\| -danə <sup> -štanə </sup>\|\| -- \|\| -ta \|\| \|\| -s, -d \|\| -ta / -tä (part)
			\|-
			! Dative
			\| -fa, -wa <sup> -ša</sup> \|\| -ə <sup> -wə </sup>\|\| -- \|\| -ra \|\| \|\| -ey \|\| --
			\|-
			! Essive
			\| -a <sup> -ša</sup>\|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| \|\| -- \|\| --
			\|-
			! Locative
			\| -- \|\| -a \|\| -i \|\| -a, -ne \|\| \|\| -i, -Ø <sup>-su</sup> \|\| -na / -nä
			\|-
			! Lative
			\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -e \|\| \|\| -- \|\| -ŋ
			\|-
			! Allative / Directive
			\| -ta <sup> -šta </sup>, -ē \|\| -edə <sup> -štə <sup>arch</sup> </sup>\|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| \|\| -- \|\| -ŋ
			\|-
			! Terminative
			\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -še \|\| \|\| -- \|\| --
			\|-
			! Adverbial
			\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -eš \|\| \|\| -- \|\| --
			\|-
			! Comitative
			\| -ra \|\| -ranə \|\| -- \|\| -da \|\| \|\| -- \|\| --
			\|-
			! Instrumental
			\| -ae \|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| \|\| -h₁, -bʰi/-mi\|\| --
			\|-
			! Equative / Associative
			\| -nn(i), -ōš, -nna\|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| -gen \|\| \|\| -- \|\| --
			\|-
			! Ablative/Instrumental
			\| -n(i), -ne \|\| -nə\|\| -- \|\| -- \|\| \|\| -- \|\| --
			\|-
			! Remainder
			\| HUR \|\| URA \|\| HAT \|\| SUM \|\| ELA \|\| PIE \|\| PUR
			\|}

			{{reflist\|group=c}}


			A list of cool morphological features:
			* Hurro-Urartian anaphoric suffixes (Hurr. Abs -Ø, Obl. -'''ne''', Pl. -na; Ur. Sing. '''-nə/-ne-''', Plu. Abs. -nelə, Obl. -na).
			* Hurro-Urartian Suffixaufnahme (basically adjectival agreement but applies to dependent nouns too)
			:: ''Resembles PIE -n for nominalisation/participles and Japonic -no for nominalisation''
			* Urartian '''-hə''' for adjectives of belonging
			* Urartian '''-šə''' for abstract nouns
			:: ''Resembles PIE -tis.''
			* Hurro-Urartian '''-lla''' and '''-š-''', Sumerian '''-(e)ne''', PIE '''-s''' and Uralic '''-ð-''' plural markers all have something in common phonologically.

			===Conlang cases===
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! Cases !! Singular
			\|-
			! Absolutive
			\| -Ø
			\|-
			! Ergative
			\| -??
			\|-
			! Objective-Accusative
			\| -m
			\|-
			! Genitive/Originative
			\| -ha
			\|-
			! Partitive-Ablative <!-- Includes ablative and genitive functions, cf. Russian genitive-partitive -->
			\| -ta
			\|-
			! Dative-Locative? <!-- And Instrumental? -->
			\| -i
			\|-
			! Dative-Allative?
			\| -a
			\|-
			! Locative <!-- -Associative... And Instrumental? And ablative?? -->
			\| -na
			\|}

			Then combinations such as:
			* -mi, -ma, -man
			* -ti > -tši, -tan
			* -nana etc.

			Next to do: pronouns and more cases.

Ceige: /* Phonology */ Added uralic

2017-01-10T07:39:57Z

Phonology: Added uralic

@@ Line 196: / Line 196: @@
 ! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Vowels !! Front !! Central !! Back
 |-
-| Close || i ||  || u
+| Close || i ī ||  || u ū
 |-
 | Mid ||  || ə ||
 |-
-| Open|| e ||  || o
+| Open|| e ē ||  || o ō
 |}

Ceige: /* Phonology */

2017-01-10T07:27:41Z

Phonology

Show changes

Ceige: /* Inspirations */ Added the bit about Kassite

2017-01-10T06:58:31Z

Inspirations: Added the bit about Kassite

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:58, 10 January 2017
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	(Essentially, those isolate languages from the fertile Crescent area during the Bronze Age)		(Essentially, those isolate languages from the fertile Crescent area during the Bronze Age)

			Other poorly attested languages like Hattic may also be used as inspiration, e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassite_language Kassite].

	Some examples of the kind of geography those speakers might be familiar with (note that Mesopotamia has been exposed to environmental disaster thanks to continual farming and deliberate destruction by Mongol armies): '''coming soon'''		Some examples of the kind of geography those speakers might be familiar with (note that Mesopotamia has been exposed to environmental disaster thanks to continual farming and deliberate destruction by Mongol armies): '''coming soon'''
Line 24:		Line 26:
	<!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Babylonian_Marriage_Market --> \| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Babylonian_Marriage_Market The Babylonian Marriage Market]		<!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Babylonian_Marriage_Market --> \| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Babylonian_Marriage_Market The Babylonian Marriage Market]
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
	===Comparing phonologies===		===Comparing phonologies===

Ceige: /* Phonology */ Added vowel sections and Hattic section

2017-01-10T06:57:16Z

Phonology: Added vowel sections and Hattic section

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:57, 10 January 2017
Line 27:		Line 27:
	===Comparing phonologies===		===Comparing phonologies===
	====Hurrian====		====Hurrian====
			Hurrian appears to have a voicing alternation in word-medial positions for consonants (excluding ts/z). Hurrian distinguishes consonant gemination and vowel length through doubling (in the case of consonants: an-na = anna) or adding in extra vowels (ka-a-an = kān). P/F distinctions are hard to determine from spelling variation in poorly attested words. Final -f alternates with -u after -a-.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Consonants'' !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal		! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"\|Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal
	\|-		\|-
	! Plosive		! Plosive
Line 35:		Line 37:
	\|-		\|-
	! Affricate		! Affricate
	\| \|\| ts \|\|		\| \|\| ts/z \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! Fricative		! Fricative
Line 42:		Line 44:
	! Sonorants		! Sonorants
	\| m w \|\| n l \|\| y		\| m w \|\| n l \|\| y
			\|}

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"\| Vowels !! Front !! Central !! Back
			\|-
			\| Close \|\| i ī \|\| \|\| u ū
			\|-
			\| Mid \|\| e ē \|\| \|\| o ō
			\|-
			\| Open\|\| \|\| a ā \|\|
	\|}		\|}

	====Urartian====		====Urartian====
			Urartian appears to a complex consonant system compared to its older relative Hurrian, but it may have been even more complex than what is possible to discern from the orthography. There is a class of consonants that use the same symbols as Akkadian's Semitic emphatic consonants, but their value cannot be discerned. Any distinction between affricates and fricatives is lost in writing. Vowel length distinctions are also not well attested.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	! ''Consonants'' !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal !! Guttural		! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"\| Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal !! Guttural
	\|-		\|-
	! Plosive		! Plosive
	\| p b \|\| t d ṭ \|\| k g q \|\| ʔ		\| p b \|\| t d ṭ \|\| k g q \|\| ʔ
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~Fricative~~		! Fricatives*
	\| \|\| s z ṣ \|\| š \|\| h		\| \|\| s z ṣ \|\| š \|\| h
	\|-		\|-
	! Sonorants		! Sonorants
	\| m w \|\| n l r \|\| y \|\|		\| m w \|\| n l r \|\| y \|\|
			\|}

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"\| Vowels !! Front !! Central !! Back
			\|-
			\| Close \|\| i \|\| \|\| u
			\|-
			\| Mid \|\| e \|\| ə (~i) \|\| (o)
			\|-
			\| Open\|\| \|\| a \|\|
			\|}

			====Hattic====
			Hattic is poorly attested, but based on the known Hattic word list on Wikipedia and the article's sources, the following phonemes probably existed in some form:

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"\| Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Palatal !! Velar
			\|-
			! Plosive
			\| p \|\| t \|\| č \|\| k
			\|-
			! Fricatives*
			\| f \|\| s z \|\| š \|\| h
			\|-
			! Sonorants
			\| m w \|\| n l r \|\| y \|\|
			\|}

			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"\| Vowels !! Front !! Central !! Back
			\|-
			\| Close \|\| i \|\| \|\| u
			\|-
			\| Mid \|\| e \|\| \|\|
			\|-
			\| Open\|\| \|\| a \|\|
	\|}		\|}

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
	=== ===		=== ===

Ceige: Added Hurro-Urartian consonants

2017-01-10T06:30:51Z

Added Hurro-Urartian consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:30, 10 January 2017
Line 24:		Line 24:
	<!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Babylonian_Marriage_Market --> \| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Babylonian_Marriage_Market The Babylonian Marriage Market]		<!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Babylonian_Marriage_Market --> \| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Babylonian_Marriage_Market The Babylonian Marriage Market]
	</gallery>		</gallery>
			==Phonology==
			===Comparing phonologies===
			====Hurrian====
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! ''Consonants'' !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal
			\|-
			! Plosive
			\| p \|\| t \|\| k
			\|-
			! Affricate
			\| \|\| ts \|\|
			\|-
			! Fricative
			\| f \|\| s \|\| x
			\|-
			! Sonorants
			\| m w \|\| n l \|\| y
			\|}

			====Urartian====
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! ''Consonants'' !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal !! Guttural
			\|-
			! Plosive
			\| p b \|\| t d ṭ \|\| k g q \|\| ʔ
			\|-
			! Fricative
			\| \|\| s z ṣ \|\| š \|\| h
			\|-
			! Sonorants
			\| m w \|\| n l r \|\| y \|\|
			\|}

			==Grammar==
			=== ===

Ceige: Made inspirations section; gallery needs redoing

2017-01-10T06:18:14Z

Made inspirations section; gallery needs redoing

New page

==Inspirations==
The languages serving as inspiration are as follows:
* Hurrian (Hurro-Urartian, as spoken by the Khurrites and Mitanni circa 2300–1000 BC - now Armenians)
* Urartian (Hurro-Urartian, spoken later by the peoples of Urartu around Lake Van circa 900-500 BC - now Armenians)
* Hattic (Language isolate, as spoken by the Hatti around 3000-1500 BC?)
* Elamite (Language isolate, as spoken by the Elamites and Persians circa 2800–300 BC)
* Sumerian (Language isolate, as spoken by the Sumerians circa 3000-1800 BC and used as a classical language until 100 AD)

(Essentially, those isolate languages from the fertile Crescent area during the Bronze Age)

Some examples of the kind of geography those speakers might be familiar with (note that Mesopotamia has been exposed to environmental disaster thanks to continual farming and deliberate destruction by Mongol armies): '''coming soon'''
<gallery>
 | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Van Lake Van]
 | Lake Van (2)
 | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Highlands Armenian Plateau]
 | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigris Tigris]
 | Mesopotamian Marshes]

</gallery>

Some later artistic depictions from multiple eras depicting the culture of the relevant peoples and their successors: '''coming soon'''
<gallery>
 | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USSHER(1865)_p477_BEDOWEEN_CROSSING_THE_TIGRIS_WITH_PLUNDER.jpg Bedouins crossing a river]
 | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Babylonian_Marriage_Market The Babylonian Marriage Market]
</gallery>