User:Ceige/Fifth Linguifex Relay/Nyssa Draft - Revision history

Ceige: /* Noun cases and verb focus */

2017-06-04T07:02:49Z

Noun cases and verb focus

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:02, 4 June 2017
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	A verb phrase that is an argument to another verb (e.g., I want to '''eat''') may focus patients instead of the actor. The patient voice is also often used for imperatives.		A verb phrase that is an argument to another verb (e.g., I want to '''eat''') may focus patients instead of the actor. The patient voice is also often used for imperatives.

	=== Noun cases and ~~verb~~ focus ===		=== Noun cases and Verb focus ===
	The language has the following noun cases:		The language has the following noun cases:
	* '''Actor''' – kai-		* '''Actor''' – kai-

Ceige at 06:57, 4 June 2017

2017-06-04T06:57:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:57, 4 June 2017
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	\|}		\|}

	== Gloss ==		== Gloss-glossary ==
			:'''ACT''' – actor
			:'''CAUS''' – causative
			:'''GEN''' – genitive
			:'''INCL''' – inclusive
			:'''LOC''' – locative
			:'''PAT''' – patient
			:'''(PATfoc)''' – patient focus
			:'''PERF''' – perfective
			:'''PL''' – plural
			:'''PL₂''' – plural #2 (used mostly where the normal plural doesn't make phonetic sense)
			:'''STAT''' – stative

			== Grammar notes ==
			While the above gloss should go a long way towards familiarising foreigners with the Nessanese language, some important things to note include:
			* There is little clear distinction between verbs and nouns morphologically speaking.
			:: ''painazón = tame smthing; one who tames''
			:* An exception: a(n)- is generally a clear verb marker as it marks transitivity.
			* Word order tends to be VSO (the syntactic pivot tends to follow the verb).
			* The verb, or noun in its role, will focus one of its arguments. This makes that argument the syntactic pivot.
			* The syntactic pivot (subject)'s case is generally unmarked.
			* Modifiers ''follow'' their heads.
			:: ''aō-býas = dog-wild = a wild dog''.
			* Noun cases are generally preposed or prefixed, ''but'' they can be joined onto the preceding word. This can be for 3 reasons:
			:* Phonology: because the preceding word is more likely to be phonologically affected by the following consononant, e.g.: ''painazón thai-aōbýas ⇒ painazóų thai-aōbýas ⇒ painazóųthai aōbýas'',
			:* Semantics: because the speaker is attempting to indicate some sort of special relationship between the phrases,
			:* Style: because the speaker felt like it.
			:: This is an optional process.

			=== Pass the Particle Parcel ===
			The latter "particle passing" is indicated with arrows. For example, ''later-STAT← ←die-1p.INCL'' indicates that the STAT particle has been given to ''later'' by ''die''; the prefix ultimately applies to ''die'' though. And finally, ''⇇'' indicates that a particle applies to an entire clause.

			=== Infinitives and Imperatives ===
			A verb phrase that is an argument to another verb (e.g., I want to '''eat''') may focus patients instead of the actor. The patient voice is also often used for imperatives.

			=== Noun cases and verb focus ===
			The language has the following noun cases:
			* '''Actor''' – kai-
			* '''Patient''' – thai-
			* '''Locative''' – -on
			* '''Oblique''' – ho-
			* '''Instrumental''' – (h)e-

			The correlate with the following focus/voice affixes verbs use:
			* '''Actor''' – a(n)- (transitive), mai- (stative or active)
			* '''Patient''' – -a, -en-
			* '''Locative''' – -on
			* '''Oblique''' – -i
			* '''Instrumental''' – (h)e-

			=== Other verbal particles ===
			* pai- is a causative marker.
			* The perfective aspect particle is ''-(i)n-'', which goes after any other prefixes and before the root.

			== Gloss (OLD: DO NOT INCLUDE) ==

Ceige: /* Gloss */

2017-06-04T05:59:26Z

Gloss

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:59, 4 June 2017
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	== Gloss ==		== Gloss ==
	~~<div style="text-align:center;">~~		{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
	{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"
	\|+ Line #1		\|+ Line #1
	\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->		\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
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	\|}		\|}

	{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
	\|+ Line #2		\|+ Line #2
	\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->		\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
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	\|}		\|}

	{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
	\|+ Line #3		\|+ Line #3
	\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->		\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
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	\|}		\|}

	{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
	\|+ Line #4		\|+ Line #4
	\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->		\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
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	\|}		\|}

	{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
	\|+ Line #2		\|+ Line #5
	\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->		\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
	\| – ἱα \|\| μαζήυα \|\| πασθαδάς.		\| – ἱα \|\| μαζήυα \|\| πασθαδάς.
Line 116:		Line 115:
	\|}		\|}

			{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center; margin:auto;"
	{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"		\|+ Line #6
	\|+ Line #2
	\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->		\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
	\| ''– ναι'' \|\| ''Παιναζόυθαι'' \|\| ''Άωβύαἰ'', \|\| ''Υλόψα'' \|\| ''θόυρροξ''		\| ''– ναι'' \|\| ''Παιναζόυθαι'' \|\| ''Άωβύαἰ'', \|\| ''Υλόψα'' \|\| ''θόυρροξ''
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	\| GEN← \|\| ←CAUS-(tame/familiar)-PAT← \|\| ←dog-wild-PL \|\|colspan=2\| [personal name]		\| GEN← \|\| ←CAUS-(tame/familiar)-PAT← \|\| ←dog-wild-PL \|\|colspan=2\| [personal name]
	\|}		\|}
	~~</div>~~

	== Gloss ==		== Gloss ==

Ceige at 05:56, 4 June 2017

2017-06-04T05:56:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:56, 4 June 2017
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	Λαι βαζήα: ἱναι, πάζι ιντυκόσον θαλόςκαι δαώνι,		Λαι βαζήα: ἱναι, πάζι ιντυκόσον θαλόςκαι δαώνι,

	λαι ~~πας μαπαιλώ~~ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσι		λαι παςμα παιλώ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσι

	– ἱα μαζήυα πασθαδάς.		– ἱα μαζήυα πασθαδάς.
Line 13:		Line 13:

	''– ναι Παιναζόυθαι Άωβύαἰ, Υλόψα θόυρροξ''		''– ναι Παιναζόυθαι Άωβύαἰ, Υλόψα θόυρροξ''


	=== Transliteration ===		=== Transliteration ===
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	''– nai Painazóųthai ~~Aōbyai~~, Ylópsa Thóųrrhox''		''– nai Painazóųthai Aōbýai, Ylópsa Thóųrrhox''


Line 44:		Line 45:

	== Gloss ==		== Gloss ==
			<div style="text-align:center;">
	{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"
	\|+ Line #1		\|+ Line #1
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	{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"
	\|+ Line #2		\|+ Line #3
	\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->		\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
	\| Λαι \|\| βαζήα: \|\| ἱναι, \|\| πάζι \|\| ιντυκόσον \|\| θαλόςκαι \|\| δαώνι,		\| Λαι \|\| βαζήα: \|\| ἱναι, \|\| πάζι \|\| ιντυκόσον \|\| θαλόςκαι \|\| δαώνι,
Line 81:		Line 83:
	\| /lε \|\| ba'ze.a \|\| 'hinε \|\| 'pazi \|\| inty'koson \|\| θa'loskε \|\| d(a)'o:ni/		\| /lε \|\| ba'ze.a \|\| 'hinε \|\| 'pazi \|\| inty'koson \|\| θa'loskε \|\| d(a)'o:ni/
	\|-		\|-
	\| Lai \|\| bazḗ-a: \|\| hí-nai⇇, \|\| pázi \|\| in-tykós-on \|\| ~~thalós~~-kai← \|\| ←daṓn-i,		\| Lai \|\| bazḗ-a: \|\| hí-nai⇇, \|\| pázi \|\| in-tykós-on \|\| thalóz̊-kai← \|\| ←daṓn-i,
			\|-
			\| and \|\| understand-PAT: \|\| 3s-GEN⇇, \|\| future \|\| PERF-(grow/sprout)-LOC \|\| fallowland-ACT← \|\| ←leaf-PL,
			\|}

			{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"
			\|+ Line #4
			\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
			\| λαι \|\| παςμα \|\| παιλώ \|\| ήια \|\| λαι \|\| βυλόνι \|\| λαι \|\| θαυίσι:
			\|- <!-- Nyssa -->
			\| lai \|\| pai̧ma \|\| pailṓ \|\| ḗia \|\| lai \|\| bylóni \|\| lai \|\| thavísi:
			\|- <!-- /nys:a/ -->
			\| /lε \|\| paj̊ma \|\| pε'lo: \|\| i:.a \|\| lε \|\| by'loni \|\| lε \|\| θa'viz̊i/
			\|-
			\| lai \|\| pai̧-ma \|\| pailṓ \|\| ḗi-a \|\| lai \|\| bylón-i \|\| lai \|\| thavís-i:
	\|-		\|-
	\| and \|\| ~~understand~~-~~PAT:~~ \|\| 3s-~~GEN~~ \|\| ~~future~~ \|\| ~~PERF~~-~~(grow/sprout)-LOC~~ \|\| ~~fallowland-ACT←~~ \|\| ~~←leaf~~-PL,		\| and \|\| like-STAT← \|\| ←go \|\| sun-PL₂ \|\| and \|\| moon-PL \|\| and \|\| year-PL
	\|}		\|}

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	\|+ Line #2		\|+ Line #2
	\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->		\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
	\| ~~λαι πας μαπαιλώ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσι~~		\| – ἱα \|\| μαζήυα \|\| πασθαδάς.
	\|- <!-- Nyssa -->		\|- <!-- Nyssa -->
	\| ~~lai pai̧ma pailṓ ēia lai bylóni lai thavísi:~~		\| – hía \|\| mazḗva \|\| pai̧thadás.
	\|- <!-- /nys:a/ -->		\|- <!-- /nys:a/ -->
	\| /'~~paxa~~ \|\| '~~yðεj̊mε~~ \|\| a'~~θaj̊se~~/		\| /'hi.a \|\| ma'zeva \|\| paj̊θa'daz̊/
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~pácha~~ \|\| ~~ýdei̧~~-~~mai←~~ \|\| ~~←athái̧~~-~~sē.~~		\| – hía \|\| ma-zḗva \|\| pai̧-thadás
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~despite~~ \|\| ~~later~~-~~STAT←~~ \|\| ~~←die~~-~~1p.INCL~~		\| – 3s \|\| STAT-breath \|\| like-long_ago
	\|}		\|}
	~~λαι πας μαπαιλώ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσι~~
	~~– ἱα μαζήυα πασθαδάς.~~
	~~''– ναι Παιναζόυθαι Άωβύαἰ, Υλόψα θόυρροξ''~~

	~~lai pai̧ma pailṓ ēia lai bylóni lai thavísi:~~
	~~hía mazḗva pai̧thadás.~~
	~~''– nai Painazóųthai Aōbyai, Ylópsa Thóųrrhox''~~



			{\| class="wikitable" style="background: white; text-align: center;"
			\|+ Line #2
			\|- <!-- Nυσσα -->
			\| ''– ναι'' \|\| ''Παιναζόυθαι'' \|\| ''Άωβύαἰ'', \|\| ''Υλόψα'' \|\| ''θόυρροξ''
			\|- <!-- Nyssa -->
			\| ''– nai'' \|\| ''Painazóųthai'' \|\| ''Aōbýai, '' \|\| ''Ylópsa'' \|\| ''Thóųrrhox''
			\|- <!-- /nys:a/ -->
			\| /nai/ \|\| /pεna'zuthε/ \|\| /(a).ō'by.ε/, \|\| /y'lopsa/ \|\| /'θur:oks/
			\|-
			\| nai← \|\| ←Pai-nazón-thai← \|\| ←Aō-býas-i \|\| Ylópsa \|\| Thóųrrhox
			\|-
			\| GEN← \|\| ←CAUS-(tame/familiar)-PAT← \|\| ←dog-wild-PL \|\|colspan=2\| [personal name]
			\|}
			</div>

	== Gloss ==		== Gloss ==
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	Lai bazḗa: hínai, pázi intykóson thalóskai daóni, lai pai̧ma pailṓ ēia lai bylóni lai thavísi: híama zḗva pai̧thadás.		Lai bazḗa: hínai, pázi intykóson thalóskai daóni, lai pai̧ma pailṓ ēia lai bylóni lai thavísi: híama zḗva pai̧thadás.

	daóni > dōni?		daóni > dōni? (Pailo < paNaw)

	Ēthái̧pē painenónąsē pai̧ chyíllē henoų́sē kaipḗ, pácha ýdei̧ maiathái̧sē.		Ēthái̧pē painenónąsē pai̧ chyíllē henoų́sē kaipḗ, pácha ýdei̧ maiathái̧sē.

Ceige: /* Páphēnai Néssa Text */

2017-06-04T05:34:29Z

Páphēnai Néssa Text

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 == Páphēnai Néssa Text ==
-Ηθάσ́πη παινἑνόνα̌ση πας́ χυίλλη ἑνόυ̌ση καιπή, πάχα ύδες μαιαθάσ́ση.
+πάχα ύδεςμαι αθάσση.
-Λαι βαζήα: ἱναι, πάζι ιντυκόσ̌ον θαλός καιδαώνι, λαι πας́ μαπαιλώ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσ̌ι - ἱα μαζ̌ήυα πασ́θαδάς.
-vs
+<!--Ēthái̧pē painenónąsē pai̧ chyíllē henoų́sē kaipḗ, pácha ýdei̧ maiathái̧sē.
-(daóni > dṓni?)
+Lai bazḗa: hínai, pázi intykóson thalós kaidaṓni, lai pai̧ mapailṓ ēia lai bylóni lai thavísi: hía mazḗva pai̧thadás.
-Ēthái̧pē painenónąsē pai̧ chyíllē henoų́sē kaipḗ, pácha ýdei̧ maiathái̧sē.
+Ηθάσ́πη παινἑνόνα̌ση πας́ χυίλλη ἑνόυ̌ση καιπή, πάχα ύδες μαιαθάσ́ση.
-Lai bazḗa: hínai, pázi intykóson thalós kaidaóni, lai pai̧ mapailṓ ēia lai bylóni lai thavísi: hía mazḗva pai̧thadás.
+Λαι βαζήα: ἱναι, πάζι ιντυκόσ̌ον θαλός καιδαώνι, λαι πας́ μαπαιλώ ήια λαι βυλόνι λαι θαυίσ̌ι - ἱα μαζ̌ήυα πασ́θαδάς.-->
 {| class=""

Ceige at 09:00, 3 June 2017

2017-06-03T09:00:59Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 == Páphēnai Néssa Text ==
 {| class=""
 |+ Line 1 <!--katháipē or ēthái̧kʷē cf. bitil > bisis (bisískē ~ I starve) && lapaR > lapḗ (a-lapḗ-kē ~ I hunger for), *sen(ae)ng = content --> <!-- http://www.trussel2.com/acd/acd-s_p.htm?zoom_highlight=similar+to+like pada --> <!-- http://www.trussel2.com/acd/acd-s_l.htm#7492 lajam-->
 |-
-| ēthái̧pē || <!--paienóųsē-->painenónasē || pai̧ <!-- pas, pai --> || chýillē <!-- chýilla < (q)uNah)--> || henóusē ???-pē || pácha<!--*baka cf. without = not with = tidak ber-; tanpa | baka > dwecha > dytha --> || ýdeimai <!-- *udehi vs *pagi > pazi--><!-- -mai--> || <!--mai- --> athái̧sē
+| ēthái̧pē || <!--paienóųsē-->painenónąsē || pai̧ <!-- pas, pai --> || chýillē <!-- chýilla < (q)uNah)--> || henóusē ???-pē || pácha<!--*baka cf. without = not with = tidak ber-; tanpa | baka > dwecha > dytha --> || ýdeimai <!-- *udehi vs *pagi > pazi--><!-- -mai--> || <!--mai- --> athái̧sē
 |-
 | ēthái̧-(kē/pē) || pai-in-henón-n-sē || pai̧ || chýillē || henón-sē ???-(kē/pē) || pácha || ýdei-mai || athái̧-sē
@@ Line 19: / Line 32: @@
 |}
-<!-- And I know, that thing which is "leaves will bring life to this world in the future" and like that "time goes on" for -->
+<!-- And understand: that thing where leaves will bring life to this world in the future, and like time how time goes on? That lives on here.  -->
 == At'ants'as Text ==
@@ Line 132: / Line 162: @@
 Irrealis conjunction: <!--http://www.trussel2.com/acd/acd-s_b.htm?zoom_highlight=like+as+though--> (Ba > pha, phai?)
-=== Abbreviations ===
+Plurals: -i <!-- *Si --> and -a <!-- i/a/u thingo -->

Ceige at 06:22, 3 June 2017

2017-06-03T06:22:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:22, 3 June 2017
Line 3:		Line 3:
	\|+ Line 1 <!--katháipē or ēthái̧kʷē cf. bitil > bisis (bisískē ~ I starve) && lapaR > lapḗ (a-lapḗ-kē ~ I hunger for), *sen(ae)ng = content --> <!-- http://www.trussel2.com/acd/acd-s_p.htm?zoom_highlight=similar+to+like pada --> <!-- http://www.trussel2.com/acd/acd-s_l.htm#7492 lajam-->		\|+ Line 1 <!--katháipē or ēthái̧kʷē cf. bitil > bisis (bisískē ~ I starve) && lapaR > lapḗ (a-lapḗ-kē ~ I hunger for), *sen(ae)ng = content --> <!-- http://www.trussel2.com/acd/acd-s_p.htm?zoom_highlight=similar+to+like pada --> <!-- http://www.trussel2.com/acd/acd-s_l.htm#7492 lajam-->
	\|-		\|-
	\| ēthái̧pē \|\| <!--paienóųsē-->painenónasē \|\| pai̧ <!-- pas, pai --> \|\| chýillē <!-- chýilla < (q)uNah)--> \|\| henóusē ???-pē		\| ēthái̧pē \|\| <!--paienóųsē-->painenónasē \|\| pai̧ <!-- pas, pai --> \|\| chýillē <!-- chýilla < (q)uNah)--> \|\| henóusē ???-pē \|\| pácha<!--baka cf. without = not with = tidak ber-; tanpa \| baka > dwecha > dytha --> \|\| ýdeimai <!-- udehi vs *pagi > pazi--><!-- -mai--> \|\| <!--mai- --> athái̧sē
	\|-		\|-
	\| ēthái̧-(kē/pē) \|\| pai-in-henón-n-sē \|\| pai̧ \|\| chýillē \|\| henón-sē ???-(kē/pē)		\| ēthái̧-(kē/pē) \|\| pai-in-henón-n-sē \|\| pai̧ \|\| chýillē \|\| henón-sē ???-(kē/pē) \|\| pácha \|\| ýdei-mai \|\| athái̧-sē
	\|-		\|-
	\| want-1s \|\| CAUS-PERF-happy-PAT-1p.INCL \|\| like \|\| before \|\| happy-1p.INCL ACT-1s		\| want-1s \|\| CAUS-PERF-happy-PAT-1p.INCL \|\| like \|\| before \|\| happy-1p.INCL ACT-1s \|\| despite-STAT \|\| die-1p.INCL
	\|}		\|}

	{\| class=""		{\| class=""
	\|+ Line 2		\|+ Line 2
	\|		\| Lai \|\| bazḗa: <!-- pazē but bazḗ < bajaq (know/understand > tell/ask in PMP) VS thēu < Caqu (know/skilled@)-->
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~want-1s~~ \|\| ~~happy-PAT-1p~~.~~INCL~~		\| and \|\| understand.IMP
	\|}		\|}

			<!-- And I know, that thing which is "leaves will bring life to this world in the future" and like that "time goes on" for -->

	== At'ants'as Text ==		== At'ants'as Text ==

Ceige at 05:50, 3 June 2017

2017-06-03T05:50:02Z

Show changes

Ceige: /* Interlinear Glossing. Good Luck. */

2017-06-03T04:23:09Z

Interlinear Glossing. Good Luck.

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:23, 3 June 2017
Line 95:		Line 95:
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan=4 \| I long to make us happy.		\| colspan=4 \| I long to make us happy.
			\|-
			\| colspan=4 \| I wish to make us happy.
	\|}		\|}

Line 103:		Line 105:
	\| and.PRF \|\| except \|\| 1pl.INTR \|\| strong.emotion=end-sg.LOC \|\| die-INTR.1pl.PRF		\| and.PRF \|\| except \|\| 1pl.INTR \|\| strong.emotion=end-sg.LOC \|\| die-INTR.1pl.PRF
	\|-		\|-
	\| and \|\| except \|\| we \|\| at the end of strong emotions \|\| we die.		\| and \|\| except \|\| we \|\| at the end of strong emotions \|\| we die,
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan=5 \| And ~~nonetheless~~ we die ~~with~~ the end ~~of our powerful feelings.~~		\| colspan=5 \| And except we die in the end {said emotionally}
			\|-
			\| colspan=5 \| And even though we will die in the end,
	\|}		\|}

Line 116:		Line 120:
	\| as \|\| in the past \|\| us \|\| I am causing to be		\| as \|\| in the past \|\| us \|\| I am causing to be
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan=4 \| ~~As I have~~ in the past caused us to ~~/ As~~ I ~~have~~ caused us to before.		\| colspan=4 \| as in the past I caused us to be.
			\|-
			\| colspan=4 \| as I caused us to be before.
	\|}		\|}

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	\| (Id.) ''yang'' \|\| leaves 🍃🍃 \|\| this world \|\| in the future \|\|		\| (Id.) ''yang'' \|\| leaves 🍃🍃 \|\| this world \|\| in the future \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan=5 \|		\| colspan=5 \| leaves grow this world in the future
			\|-
			\| colspan=5 \| leaves will bring life to this world
	\|}		\|}

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	\|-		\|-
	\| and.IMPRF \|\| then=like \|\| time-sg.INTR \|\| go-INTR.3sg.IMPRF		\| and.IMPRF \|\| then=like \|\| time-sg.INTR \|\| go-INTR.3sg.IMPRF
			\|-
			\| and \|\| like then \|\| time \|\| goes
			\|-
			\| colspan=4 \| and like then, time will go (? and that is destiny?)
	\|}		\|}

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	\|-		\|-
	\| strong.emotion=XDIS-INTR \|\| PROX-LOC \|\| breathe_live-INTR.3sg.IMPRF		\| strong.emotion=XDIS-INTR \|\| PROX-LOC \|\| breathe_live-INTR.3sg.IMPRF
			\|-
			\| that \|\| here \|\| lives
			\|-
			\| colspan=3 \| For things that live here.
	\|}		\|}

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	\|-		\|-
	\| wolf-tamer-sg.2POSS		\| wolf-tamer-sg.2POSS
			\|-
			\| Of Wolf Tamer
	\|}		\|}

Ceige: Created page with "== Concerning the grammar == The At'ants'as basic grammatical structure is similar to the grammar of PIE. Words are formed from verbal roots, inserted into stems, and inflect..."

2017-06-02T12:23:25Z

Created page with "== Concerning the grammar == The At'ants'as basic grammatical structure is similar to the grammar of PIE. Words are formed from verbal roots, inserted into stems, and inflect..."

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== Concerning the grammar ==

The At'ants'as basic grammatical structure is similar to the grammar of PIE. Words are formed from verbal roots, inserted into stems, and inflected using a fusional system of prefixes and suffixes.
However, At'ants'as did not develop the complex Ablaut patterns of PIE, and instead uses a simple, regular vowel gradation system. Moreover, At'ants'as innovated neither a complex verbal system as PIE did, nor inflecting adjectives.
The At'ants'as grammar is verb final, and only the verb is compulsory. Subjects and objects can be added as prefixes to the verb, or to appear independently before it. Adjectives are either stative verbs, or used as prefixes. Adpositions are postpositions, and adjuncts may be inserted generally everywhere.
At'ants'as morphosyntactic alignment depends on the gender of the noun. If the noun is animate, the alignment is tripartite. However, if the noun is inanimate, the alignment is ergative-absolutive.
At'ants'as verbs have separate transitive and intransitive/passive/stative endings. The transitive endings correspond to PIE mi-conjugation, while the intransitive, passive and stative endings correspond to PIE passive endings.
At'ants'as also possesses two systems of personal pronouns – an egocentric system (1st person vs. Non 1st person), and a demonstrative system (proximal, medial, distal).

=== Abbreviations ===

'''1''' - first person 

'''1POSS''' - inanimate possessive 

'''2''' - second person 

'''2/3''' - non first person 

'''2POSS''' - animate / endearing inanimate possessive 

'''3''' - third person 

'''ABS''' - absolutive case 

'''ACT''' - active 

'''DAT''' - directional case 

'''DIST''' - distal person 

'''DU''' - dual 

'''ERG''' - ergative case 

'''GER''' - gerund 

'''IMPR''' - imperative 

'''IMPRF''' - imperfective 

'''INDF''' - indefinite pronoun 

'''INST''' - instrumental 

'''INTR''' - intransitive case / intransitive verbal mode 

'''LOC''' - locative 

'''MED''' - medial person 

'''OBJ''' - objective prefix 

'''P''' - patientive case 

'''PASS''' - passive 

'''PL''' - plural 

'''PRF''' - perfective 

'''PROX''' - proximate person 

'''PTCL''' - particle 

'''REL''' - relative pronoun 

'''SG''' - singular 

'''TRN''' - transitive verbal mode 

'''VOC''' - vocative case 

'''XDIS''' - extremely distal 

== El Texto ==

''Mes msomi ak'alwoym hewop'ami.'' 
''At'ay plohu mes a-posi morhes,'' 
''Nur pnetewi msom hets'oymi.'' 
''Nu atsʼanohi,'' 
''Ye at'elosh hs-wot pesti ap'oymt,'' 
''Nu hoyu-nur hots'atis hoyi,'' 
''A-hte hsi at'awosi.'' 
'''''Ulopyat'omtrosk'''''

=== Interlinear Glossing. Good Luck. ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Mes !! msomi !! ak'alwoym !! hewop'ami.
|-
| 1sg.ERG || 1pl.LOC || joy-cause-1sg.PRF || want-TRN.1sg.IMPRF
|-
| I || at us || have caused joy || am wanting.
|-
| colspan=4 | I long to make us happy.
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! At'ay !! plohu !! mes !! a-posi !! morhes,
|-
| and.PRF || except || 1pl.INTR || strong.emotion=end-sg.LOC || die-INTR.1pl.PRF
|-
| and || except || we || at the end of strong emotions || we die.
|-
| colspan=5 | And nonetheless we die with the end of our powerful feelings.
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nur !! pnetewi !! msom !! hets'oymi.
|-
| as || past-sg.LOC || 1pl.P || be-cause-TRN.1sg.IMPRF
|-
| as || in the past || us || I am causing to be
|-
| colspan=4 | As I have in the past caused us to / As I have caused us to before.
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nu !! atsʼanohi,
|-
| and.IMPRF || know-INTR.1sg.IMPRF
|-
| and || I know
|-
| colspan=2 | and I know,
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ye !! at'elosh !! hs-wot !! pesti !! ap'oymt,
|-
| REL || leaf-pl.ERG || PROX=world-sg.ABS || future-sg.LOC || live_grow=TRN.3pl.PRF
|-
| (Id.) ''yang'' || leaves 🍃🍃 || this world || in the future ||
|-
| colspan=5 |
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nu !! hoyu-nur !! hots'atis !! hoyi,
|-
| and.IMPRF || then=like || time-sg.INTR || go-INTR.3sg.IMPRF
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! A-hte !! hsi !! at'awosi.
|-
| strong.emotion=XDIS-INTR || PROX-LOC || breathe_live-INTR.3sg.IMPRF
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ulopyat'omtrosk
|-
| wolf-tamer-sg.2POSS
|}