User:Ceige/NotherPIE - Revision history

Ceige: /* Morphology */

2016-12-16T10:11:28Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:11, 16 December 2016
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	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
	===Morphology===		===Morphology===
			Within $LANG there are several underlying phonosememic units which play a reoccurring role in the language.
			Here are some examples:
			* M = used to indicate normative, ambient, close phenomena.
			: Found in words related to mothers, the first person perspective, and neutral/passive positions in relative roles between phrases.
			: ''Cf. in PIE:''
			:* ''*meh₂tḗr''
			:* ''-mi''
			:* ''-om, -mis, -mos, although see also -bʰi(s) and -bʰos''
			:* ''-mós''
	====Case====		====Case====
	The following particles and clitics commonly act as case markers:		The following particles and clitics commonly act as case markers:

Ceige: /* Grammar */

2016-12-16T10:00:12Z

Grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:00, 16 December 2016
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	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
	===Morphology===		===Morphology===
	===Case===		====Case====
	The following particles and clitics commonly act as case markers:		The following particles and clitics commonly act as case markers:
	* -T, ''partitive'', indicates that a phrase is the source in some manner (e.g. the population source of another object, the source of the action, the owner of an object, etc).		* -T, ''partitive'', indicates that a phrase is the source in some manner (e.g. the population source of another object, the source of the action, the owner of an object, etc).
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	:: This case formed thanks to either the lenition or palatalisation of -T (since -T is often found in conjunction with *y), and is used to turn a phrase into a modifier for another; the use of this lax-partitive then		:: This case formed thanks to either the lenition or palatalisation of -T (since -T is often found in conjunction with *y), and is used to turn a phrase into a modifier for another; the use of this lax-partitive then
	* -m-, often combined with the lax-partitive to form various object markers		* -m-, often combined with the lax-partitive to form various object markers
	===Pronouns===		====Pronouns====
	The underlying roots used for most pronouns are:		The underlying roots used for most pronouns are:
	* -m-		* -m-

Chrysophylax at 09:40, 16 December 2016

2016-12-16T09:40:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:40, 16 December 2016
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	~~$LANG~~		{{PAGENAME}}

	==Underlying Phonology==		==Underlying Phonology==
	~~$LANG~~'s phonology is chronologically divided into two loose categories: Early and Late ~~$LANG~~. These are not well defined.		{{PAGENAME}}'s phonology is chronologically divided into two loose categories: Early and Late {{PAGENAME}}. These are not well defined.

	===Consonants===		===Consonants===
	~~$LANG~~ has the following consonant phonemes:		{{PAGENAME}} has the following consonant phonemes:
	* P (p, b̥, b), m, w: ''labial''		* P (p, b̥, b), m, w: ''labial''
	* T (t, d̥, d), n, l (l, r): ''dento-alveolar''		* T (t, d̥, d), n, l (l, r): ''dento-alveolar''
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	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
	~~$LANG~~'s underlying vowels and their possible realisations (default, +ATR +salient, -ATR +salient) are:		{{PAGENAME}}'s underlying vowels and their possible realisations (default, +ATR +salient, -ATR +salient) are:
	* i, ey, ay		* i, ey, ay
	* u, eu, au		* u, eu, au
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	===Accent===		===Accent===
	~~$LANG~~ has a four-dimensional accent system partially capable of derivation, using:		{{PAGENAME}} has a four-dimensional accent system partially capable of derivation, using:
	* pitch		* pitch
	* salience		* salience
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	... to aid in word segmentation when listening to the language and to differentiate different words.		... to aid in word segmentation when listening to the language and to differentiate different words.

	All these are features of Late ~~$LANG~~.		All these are features of Late {{PAGENAME}}.

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
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	===Syntax===		===Syntax===
	~~$LANG~~ is primarily a mostly head-final left-branching phrase-oriented agglutinating language. Within verb phrases, morphemes tend to follow an OVS order (e.g., 3p.help.1sg = I help them), where objects (which needn't be patients) modify verbs, and verbs modify the subjects (which needn't be agents). Phrases generally follow the order of general information with regards to a relationship between arguments first, and specific information with regards to the relationship last. For example, "I kicked the ball" might be "I the ball kicked" (with "I" (de)nominalised in some fashion). This is due to an overwhelming habit of speakers to think of individuals and objects close to them (metaphorically or physically) first and the specific details pertaining to them later.		{{PAGENAME}} is primarily a mostly head-final left-branching phrase-oriented agglutinating language. Within verb phrases, morphemes tend to follow an OVS order (e.g., 3p.help.1sg = I help them), where objects (which needn't be patients) modify verbs, and verbs modify the subjects (which needn't be agents). Phrases generally follow the order of general information with regards to a relationship between arguments first, and specific information with regards to the relationship last. For example, "I kicked the ball" might be "I the ball kicked" (with "I" (de)nominalised in some fashion). This is due to an overwhelming habit of speakers to think of individuals and objects close to them (metaphorically or physically) first and the specific details pertaining to them later.

	However, while word order can be changed to give the impression that something is particularly important, grammaticality is strongly judged based on adherence to a modifiers-first rule, e.g. "the yellow ball", not "the ball yellow" (the latter could still be technically semantically and grammatically correct if "ball" modifies "yellow" and "yellow" is understood to be a "yellow thing", but this would just be confusing).		However, while word order can be changed to give the impression that something is particularly important, grammaticality is strongly judged based on adherence to a modifiers-first rule, e.g. "the yellow ball", not "the ball yellow" (the latter could still be technically semantically and grammatically correct if "ball" modifies "yellow" and "yellow" is understood to be a "yellow thing", but this would just be confusing).

Ceige: /* Grammar */ Added cases and pronoun sections (SYNTAX ALREADY DONE, PRONOUNS NEED MORE INFO, STARTED DERIVED CASES)

2016-12-16T09:11:55Z

Grammar: Added cases and pronoun sections (SYNTAX ALREADY DONE, PRONOUNS NEED MORE INFO, STARTED DERIVED CASES)

@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 ==Grammar==
 ===Morphology===
 ===Syntax===

Ceige: /* Syntax */

2016-12-16T08:55:36Z

Syntax

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:55, 16 December 2016
Line 41:		Line 41:
	===Morphology===		===Morphology===

	==Syntax==		===Syntax===
	$LANG is primarily a mostly head-final left-branching phrase-oriented agglutinating language. Within verb phrases, morphemes tend to follow an OVS order (e.g., 3p.help.1sg = I help them), where objects (which needn't be patients) modify verbs, and verbs modify the subjects (which needn't be agents). Phrases generally follow the order of general information with regards to a relationship between arguments first, and specific information with regards to the relationship last. For example, "I kicked the ball" might be "I the ball kicked" (with "I" (de)nominalised in some fashion). This is due to an overwhelming habit of speakers to think of individuals and objects close to them (metaphorically or physically) first and the specific details pertaining to them later.		$LANG is primarily a mostly head-final left-branching phrase-oriented agglutinating language. Within verb phrases, morphemes tend to follow an OVS order (e.g., 3p.help.1sg = I help them), where objects (which needn't be patients) modify verbs, and verbs modify the subjects (which needn't be agents). Phrases generally follow the order of general information with regards to a relationship between arguments first, and specific information with regards to the relationship last. For example, "I kicked the ball" might be "I the ball kicked" (with "I" (de)nominalised in some fashion). This is due to an overwhelming habit of speakers to think of individuals and objects close to them (metaphorically or physically) first and the specific details pertaining to them later.

	However, while word order can be changed to give the impression that something is particularly important, grammaticality is strongly judged based on adherence to a modifiers-first rule, e.g. "the yellow ball", not "the ball yellow" (the latter could still be technically semantically and grammatically correct if "ball" modifies "yellow" and "yellow" is understood to be a "yellow thing", but this would just be confusing).		However, while word order can be changed to give the impression that something is particularly important, grammaticality is strongly judged based on adherence to a modifiers-first rule, e.g. "the yellow ball", not "the ball yellow" (the latter could still be technically semantically and grammatically correct if "ball" modifies "yellow" and "yellow" is understood to be a "yellow thing", but this would just be confusing).

Ceige: /* Grammar */

2016-12-16T08:55:24Z

Grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:55, 16 December 2016
Line 39:		Line 39:

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
			===Morphology===

	==Syntax==		==Syntax==
	$LANG is primarily a mostly head-final left-branching phrase-oriented agglutinating language. Within verb phrases, morphemes tend to follow an OVS order (e.g., 3p.help.1sg = I help them), where objects (which needn't be patients) modify verbs, and verbs modify the subjects (which needn't be agents). Phrases generally follow the order of general information with regards to a relationship between arguments first, and specific information with regards to the relationship last. For example, "I kicked the ball" might be "I the ball kicked" (with "I" (de)nominalised in some fashion). This is due to an overwhelming habit of speakers to think of individuals and objects close to them (metaphorically or physically) first and the specific details pertaining to them later.		$LANG is primarily a mostly head-final left-branching phrase-oriented agglutinating language. Within verb phrases, morphemes tend to follow an OVS order (e.g., 3p.help.1sg = I help them), where objects (which needn't be patients) modify verbs, and verbs modify the subjects (which needn't be agents). Phrases generally follow the order of general information with regards to a relationship between arguments first, and specific information with regards to the relationship last. For example, "I kicked the ball" might be "I the ball kicked" (with "I" (de)nominalised in some fashion). This is due to an overwhelming habit of speakers to think of individuals and objects close to them (metaphorically or physically) first and the specific details pertaining to them later.

	However, while word order can be changed to give the impression that something is particularly important, grammaticality is strongly judged based on adherence to a modifiers-first rule, e.g. "the yellow ball", not "the ball yellow" (the latter could still be technically semantically and grammatically correct if "ball" modifies "yellow" and "yellow" is understood to be a "yellow thing", but this would just be confusing).		However, while word order can be changed to give the impression that something is particularly important, grammaticality is strongly judged based on adherence to a modifiers-first rule, e.g. "the yellow ball", not "the ball yellow" (the latter could still be technically semantically and grammatically correct if "ball" modifies "yellow" and "yellow" is understood to be a "yellow thing", but this would just be confusing).

Ceige at 08:50, 16 December 2016

2016-12-16T08:50:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:50, 16 December 2016
Line 37:		Line 37:

	All these are features of Late $LANG.		All these are features of Late $LANG.

			==Grammar==
			==Syntax==
			$LANG is primarily a mostly head-final left-branching phrase-oriented agglutinating language. Within verb phrases, morphemes tend to follow an OVS order (e.g., 3p.help.1sg = I help them), where objects (which needn't be patients) modify verbs, and verbs modify the subjects (which needn't be agents). Phrases generally follow the order of general information with regards to a relationship between arguments first, and specific information with regards to the relationship last. For example, "I kicked the ball" might be "I the ball kicked" (with "I" (de)nominalised in some fashion). This is due to an overwhelming habit of speakers to think of individuals and objects close to them (metaphorically or physically) first and the specific details pertaining to them later.

			However, while word order can be changed to give the impression that something is particularly important, grammaticality is strongly judged based on adherence to a modifiers-first rule, e.g. "the yellow ball", not "the ball yellow" (the latter could still be technically semantically and grammatically correct if "ball" modifies "yellow" and "yellow" is understood to be a "yellow thing", but this would just be confusing).

Ceige: Started phonology section

2016-12-16T08:36:21Z

Started phonology section

New page

$LANG

==Underlying Phonology==
$LANG's phonology is chronologically divided into two loose categories: Early and Late $LANG. These are not well defined.

===Consonants===
$LANG has the following consonant phonemes:
* P (p, b̥, b), m, w: ''labial''
* T (t, d̥, d), n, l (l, r): ''dento-alveolar''
* S (s, z̊, z), ɲ, ʎ, y: ''palatal''
* K (k, g̊, g), ŋ: ''velar''
* Kʷ (kʷ, g̊ʷ, gʷ), ŋʷ: ''labiovelar''
* ʔ, ħ, ħʷ (ˀ, ʀ, ʀʷ; ɦ, ˤ, ˤʷ): ''laryngeal/guttural''

One may imagine the above system evolved from something resembling the system below, after many mergers and splits, but this is just one possibility of an older system:
* P, m, w: ''labial''
* T, s, n, l: ''dento-alveolar''
* Ć, ś, ń, ĺ: ''palato-alveolar''
* Č, š, ň, j: ''palato-velar''
* K, x, ŋ, ʀ: ''velar''

===Vowels===
$LANG's underlying vowels and their possible realisations (default, +ATR +salient, -ATR +salient) are:
* i, ey, ay
* u, eu, au
* (⟨Ø⟩ ə, ⟨ə⟩ ɐ), ⟨e⟩ æ, ⟨a⟩ ɑ

''There is a bit of crossover between vowel and consonant here - see the consonant section for y and w!''

===Accent===
$LANG has a four-dimensional accent system partially capable of derivation, using:
* pitch
* salience
* ATR (cf Mongolian)
* and consonant gradation
... to aid in word segmentation when listening to the language and to differentiate different words.

All these are features of Late $LANG.