User:Chrysophylax/Golden Afroasiatic - Revision history

Chrysophylax: /* Numerals */

2016-12-02T03:46:19Z

Numerals

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	===Numerals===		===Numerals===
	*1		*1
	:Sem. ‘(i)št could match Berber iǧ~išt 'one'		:Sem. ‘(i)št could match <s>Berber iǧ~išt 'one'</s> interesting but not too promising; iǧ not projectable to Proto-Berber (methodology fault or lack of data?), similar to Egyp. ‘fty (but /f/ does not match /s/ ?)<ref>
			Wilson-Wright, Aren. "The Word For 'One' in Proto-Semitic." Journal of Semitic Studies LIX/1 Spring, (2014): p. 7 </ref>
	:MSA. Mehri, Soqoṭri have a resembling ''ṭāṭ~ṭād~ṭd'' “one” which might be linked to Cushitic ''*dad'' “someone”		:MSA. Mehri, Soqoṭri have a resembling ''ṭāṭ~ṭād~ṭd'' “one” which might be linked to Cushitic ''*dad'' “someone”
	:Egyptian ''w‘(y-w)[-t]'' matches Berber ''yiwən, yiwət'' “one”.		:Egyptian ''w‘(y-w)[-t]'' matches Berber ''yiwən, yiwət'' “one”.

Chrysophylax: /* Books to acquire */

2016-12-02T03:38:58Z

Books to acquire

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:38, 2 December 2016
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	==Books to acquire==		==Books to acquire==
	*Northeast African Semitic: Lexical Comparisons and Analysis — Hudson, Grover		*Northeast African Semitic: Lexical Comparisons and Analysis — Hudson, Grover
	*Semitic and Afroasiatic: Challenges and Opportunities — Herausgegeben von Edzard, Lutz		*<s>Semitic and Afroasiatic: Challenges and Opportunities — Herausgegeben von Edzard, Lutz</s> ¤

Chrysophylax: /* Morphosyntactic alignment */

2016-12-02T03:38:02Z

Morphosyntactic alignment

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	==Syntax==		==Syntax==
	===Morphosyntactic alignment===		===Morphosyntactic alignment===
	Proto-Afro-Asiatic's daughters seem to consistently hint at an earlier ergative system, whether it be the 'unbound' vs. 'bound' of Berber, the odd accusative marking for predicates and certain genitive constructions in Classical Arabic, Akkadian, and other Semitic languages, structural similarities between agentive markers and instrumentals, usw. I have chosen to fully embrace the ergative theory and construct a following opposition in NPs.		<s>Proto-Afro-Asiatic's daughters seem to consistently hint at an earlier ergative system, whether it be the 'unbound' vs. 'bound' of Berber, the odd accusative marking for predicates and certain genitive constructions in Classical Arabic, Akkadian, and other Semitic languages, structural similarities between agentive markers and instrumentals, usw. I have chosen to fully embrace the ergative theory and construct a following opposition in NPs.
			</s> R. Hasselbach<ref>Hasselbach, Rebecca. Case in Semitic: Roles, Relations, and Reconstruction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Oxford Scholarship Online, 2013. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199671809.001.0001.</ref> makes a lot of sense discussing Archaic Proto-Semitic (APS); a marked-NOM for Semitic seems most probable. In light of Semitic, Berber, Cushitic (e.g. Beja) markers,with Egyptian inconclusive (no writing of final short u, a), and Chadic having zero traces of case, it seems more and more probable that PAA had a diptotic case system (if SBC is retention> E&CH loss). Thus for GA, we will assume a diptotic marked-S case system. The default is here the absolutive (= {{sc\|acc}} in Sem.) which is used everywhere except for marking S with V (then {{sc\|nom}}).
	{\|		{\|
	\|-		\|-
	!~~agent~~-like		!Subject-like
	\|''*u''		\|''*u''
	\|-		\|-
	!~~patient-like~~		!Absolute
	\|''*a''		\|''*a''
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

	While several branches, of which, most notably Semitic show postposed forms of these, the Berber and other families in the phylum show preposed forms. <s>No order seems particularly deserving of primacy as far as I can see so I'll allow free variation in Golden Afroasiatic</s>. Note however that it could be argued that the preposed forms derive from originally deictic elements in Berber and possibly similar paths in other languages. In inflectional compounds, the case element appears to show up as a suffix more often than not (Egyptian, Semitic, Cushitic).		While several branches, of which, most notably Semitic show postposed forms of these, the Berber and other families in the phylum show preposed forms. <s>No order seems particularly deserving of primacy as far as I can see so I'll allow free variation in Golden Afroasiatic</s>. Note however that it could be argued that the preposed forms derive from originally deictic elements in Berber and possibly similar paths in other languages. In inflectional compounds, the case element appears to show up as a suffix more often than not (Egyptian, Semitic, Cushitic). Additionally, Hasselbach points out that ''-a'' seems to be an integral part of the nouns and might've possibly been the default noun ending at some point.

	~~In light of this~~, the default position of the case element is after its noun.		For Golden Afroasiatic, the default position of the case element is after its noun.

	===Noun phrase===		===Noun phrase===

Chrysophylax: /* Dependent pronouns */

2016-04-19T02:02:49Z

Dependent pronouns

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	\|-		\|-
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="2"\|{{sc\|1p}} \|\| colspan="2"\|-ni \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2"\| -?		\| colspan="2"\|{{sc\|1p}} \|\| colspan="2"\|-(n?)i \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2"\| -?
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\|{{sc\|2p}} \|\| {{sc\|m}} \|\| {{sc\|f}} \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -?		\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\|{{sc\|2p}} \|\| {{sc\|m}} \|\| {{sc\|f}} \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -?

Chrysophylax: /* Dependent pronouns */

2016-04-19T01:59:02Z

Dependent pronouns

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	\| colspan="2"\|{{sc\|1p}} \|\| colspan="2"\|-ni \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2"\| -?		\| colspan="2"\|{{sc\|1p}} \|\| colspan="2"\|-ni \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\|colspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2"\| -?
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="2" rowspan="4"\|{{sc\|2p}} \|~~\| rowspan="1"~~\| {{sc\|m}} \|~~\|rowspan="1"~~\| {{sc\|f}} \|\|colspan="2" rowspan="4"\| -? \|\|colspan="2" rowspan="4"\| -? \|\|~~rowspan~~="4" ~~colspan~~="2"\| ? \|\|~~rowspan~~="4" ~~colspan~~="2"\| ? \|\|~~rowspan~~="4" ~~colspan~~="2"\| ?		\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\|{{sc\|2p}} \|\| {{sc\|m}} \|\| {{sc\|f}} \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -?
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="2" \| -? \|\| rowspan="2" \| -ki		\| -? \|\| -ki
			\|-
			\| colspan="2" rowspan="2" \| {{sc\|3p}} \|\| {{sc\|m}} \|\| {{sc\|f}} \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -? \|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -?\|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -?\|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -?\|\| colspan="2" rowspan="2"\| -?
	\|-		\|-
			\| -? \|\| -?
	\|}		\|}

Chrysophylax: /* Dependent pronouns */

2016-04-19T01:54:17Z

Dependent pronouns

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 ====Independent pronouns====
 ====Dependent pronouns====
 ===Bases===

Chrysophylax: /* Notation */

2016-04-19T01:33:47Z

Notation

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:33, 19 April 2016
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	writin' up some stuff		writin' up some stuff
	==Notation==		==Notation==
	Radicals will be termed ~~R₁R₂R₃~~ (usw.) in pattern discussions. Roots will be given with the pattern √cc…, e.g. ''√ls'' 'speech, tongue'		Radicals will be termed C₁C₂C₃ (usw.) in pattern discussions. Roots will be given with the pattern √cc…, e.g. ''√ls'' 'speech, tongue'

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

Chrysophylax: /* Bases */

2016-04-19T01:32:01Z

Bases

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:32, 19 April 2016
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	===Bases===		===Bases===
	There is no particular distinction between nominal and verbal elements or lexical bases as we shall call them. Nomina can be used as predicates and vice versa although the correlation in meaning isn't always instantly clear. E.g. ''npš'' ‘to be alive’ or ‘life’ as a transparent example and ''qt'' ‘to take’ or ‘hand’ as a less transparent example.		There is no particular distinction between nominal and verbal elements or lexical bases as we shall call them. Nomina can be used as predicates and vice versa although the correlation in meaning isn't always instantly clear. E.g. ''npš'' ‘to be alive’ or ‘life’ as a transparent example and ''√qt'' ‘to take’ or ‘hand’ as a less transparent example.
	====Nominalisation strategies====		====Nominalisation strategies====
	One basic way of creating nouns (insofar as a noun class separate from predicates can be even postulated) seem to be formed with the base vowel ''*a'' as in the templatic vowel patterns '''R₁aR₂''', '''R₁aR₂aR₃''', usw. e.g. Egyp. rmṯ /raːmac/ ‘man’, sn /san/ ‘brother’.		One basic way of creating nouns (insofar as a noun class separate from predicates can be even postulated) seem to be formed with the base vowel ''*a'' as in the templatic vowel patterns '''R₁aR₂''', '''R₁aR₂aR₃''', usw. e.g. Egyp. rmṯ /raːmac/ ‘man’, sn /san/ ‘brother’.

Chrysophylax at 01:31, 19 April 2016

2016-04-19T01:31:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:31, 19 April 2016
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	writin' up some stuff		writin' up some stuff
			==Notation==
			Radicals will be termed R₁R₂R₃ (usw.) in pattern discussions. Roots will be given with the pattern √cc…, e.g. ''√ls'' 'speech, tongue'
	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
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	There is no particular distinction between nominal and verbal elements or lexical bases as we shall call them. Nomina can be used as predicates and vice versa although the correlation in meaning isn't always instantly clear. E.g. ''npš'' ‘to be alive’ or ‘life’ as a transparent example and ''qt'' ‘to take’ or ‘hand’ as a less transparent example.		There is no particular distinction between nominal and verbal elements or lexical bases as we shall call them. Nomina can be used as predicates and vice versa although the correlation in meaning isn't always instantly clear. E.g. ''npš'' ‘to be alive’ or ‘life’ as a transparent example and ''qt'' ‘to take’ or ‘hand’ as a less transparent example.
	====Nominalisation strategies====		====Nominalisation strategies====
	One basic way of creating nouns (insofar as a noun class separate from predicates can be even postulated) seem to be formed with the base vowel ''*a'' as in the templatic vowel patterns '''~~-a-~~''', '''~~a-a~~''', usw. e.g. Egyp. rmṯ /raːmac/ ‘man’, sn /san/ ‘brother’.		One basic way of creating nouns (insofar as a noun class separate from predicates can be even postulated) seem to be formed with the base vowel ''*a'' as in the templatic vowel patterns '''R₁aR₂''', '''R₁aR₂aR₃''', usw. e.g. Egyp. rmṯ /raːmac/ ‘man’, sn /san/ ‘brother’.

	====Verbalisation strategies====		====Verbalisation strategies====

Chrysophylax: /* Pronomina */

2016-04-19T01:27:56Z

Pronomina

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:27, 19 April 2016
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	==Morphology==		==Morphology==
	===Pronomina===		===Pronomina===

			====Independent pronouns====
			====Dependent pronouns====

	===Bases===		===Bases===
	There is no particular distinction between nominal and verbal elements or lexical bases as we shall call them. Nomina can be used as predicates and vice versa although the correlation in meaning isn't always instantly clear. E.g. ''npš'' ‘to be alive’ or ‘life’ as a transparent example and ''qt'' ‘to take’ or ‘hand’ as a less transparent example.		There is no particular distinction between nominal and verbal elements or lexical bases as we shall call them. Nomina can be used as predicates and vice versa although the correlation in meaning isn't always instantly clear. E.g. ''npš'' ‘to be alive’ or ‘life’ as a transparent example and ''qt'' ‘to take’ or ‘hand’ as a less transparent example.