User:Frrurtu/Sandbox - Revision history

Frrurtu at 01:39, 28 March 2017

2017-03-28T01:39:27Z

Frrurtu at 01:29, 24 February 2017

2017-02-24T01:29:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:29, 24 February 2017
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	'''Proto-Rttirrian''' is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Rttirrian family of languages spoken primarily across the nation of [[Verse:Rttirria\|Rttirria]], as well as other nearby nations in [[w:Southeast Asia\|Southeast Asia]]. It was probably spoken around 1500–1000 BCE, but there are no written records of its existence. Based on the distribution and diversity of its daughter languages, Proto-Rttirrian's [[w:urheimat\|urheimat]] was probably somewhere in present-day northeastern Rttirria or southwestern [[w:Myanmar\|Myanmar]].		'''Proto-Rttirrian''' is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Rttirrian family of languages spoken primarily across the nation of [[Verse:Rttirria\|Rttirria]], as well as other nearby nations in [[w:Southeast Asia\|Southeast Asia]]. It was probably spoken around 1500–1000 BCE, but there are no written records of its existence. Based on the distribution and diversity of its daughter languages, Proto-Rttirrian's [[w:urheimat\|urheimat]] was probably somewhere in present-day northeastern Rttirria or southwestern [[w:Myanmar\|Myanmar]]. Its two main branches are South Rttirrian, spoken in Rttirria, and North Rttirrian, spoken elsewhere in Southeast Asia and notable for its [[w:Semitic languages\|Semitic]]-like word root system.

	Proto-Rttirrian was a moderately [[w:fusional language\|fusional]] language somewhat like many [[w:Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] languages, which inflected verbs for person, number, [[w:animacy\|animacy]], tense, and the [[w:subjunctive mood\|subjunctive]] mood. It had two consonants, transcribed ''l<sub>1</sub>'' and ''l<sub>2</sub>'', whose pronunciations are disputed; disputes also exist over the function of its "fourth tense" (after past, present, and future) and its word order.		Proto-Rttirrian was a moderately [[w:fusional language\|fusional]] language somewhat like many [[w:Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] languages, which inflected verbs for person, number, [[w:animacy\|animacy]], tense, and the [[w:subjunctive mood\|subjunctive]] mood. It had two consonants, transcribed ''l<sub>1</sub>'' and ''l<sub>2</sub>'', whose pronunciations are disputed; disputes also exist over the function of its "fourth tense" (after past, present, and future) and its word order.

Frrurtu: /* Sound reflexes in daughter languages */

2017-02-24T01:26:31Z

Sound reflexes in daughter languages

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:26, 24 February 2017
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	The [[w:word order\|word order]] of Proto-Rttirrian is unknown. Because its case system was highly atrophied and it possessed only a nominative and an accusative, it is thought likely that a [[w:subject-verb-object\|subject-verb-object]] (SVO) or [[w:object-verb-subject\|object-verb-subject]] (OVS) word order was used.		The [[w:word order\|word order]] of Proto-Rttirrian is unknown. Because its case system was highly atrophied and it possessed only a nominative and an accusative, it is thought likely that a [[w:subject-verb-object\|subject-verb-object]] (SVO) or [[w:object-verb-subject\|object-verb-subject]] (OVS) word order was used.

	==Sound reflexes in daughter languages==		==Sound reflexes in selected daughter languages==
	{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"		{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
	\|-		\|-
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	!Rttirri		!Rttirri
	!Gaju		!Gaju
	! -		!Proto-<br>North-<br>Rttirrian
	\|-		\|-
	!*m		!*m
	\|colspan="2"\|m		\|colspan="3"\|m
	\|-		\|-
	!*n		!*n
	\|colspan="2"\|n		\|colspan="3"\|n
	\|-		\|-
	!*ɳ		!*ɳ
	\|ɳ		\|ɳ
	\|n		\|n
			\|ɳ
	\|-		\|-
	!*p		!*p
	\|h		\|h
	\|pʰ		\|pʰ
			\|p
	\|-		\|-
	!*b		!*b
	\|colspan="2"\|p		\|colspan="2"\|p
			\|b
	\|-		\|-
	!*t		!*t
	\|f		\|f
	\|tʰ		\|tʰ
			\|t
	\|-		\|-
	!*d		!*d
	\|ʔ		\|ʔ
	\|t		\|t
			\|d
	\|-		\|-
	!*k		!*k
	\|k		\|k
	\|kʰ		\|kʰ
			\|k
	\|-		\|-
	!*g		!*g
	\|colspan="2"\|k		\|colspan="2"\|k
			\|g
	\|-		\|-
	!*ʈ		!*ʈ
	\|ʂ		\|ʂ
	\|tʰ		\|tʰ
			\|ʈ
	\|-		\|-
	!*ɖ		!*ɖ
	\|ʈ		\|ʈ
	\|t		\|t
			\|ɖ
	\|-		\|-
	!*ɸ		!*ɸ
	\|ø		\|ø
	\|f, m		\|f, m
			\|ɸ
	\|-		\|-
	!*β		!*β
	\|ø		\|ø
	\|f, m		\|f, m
			\|β
	\|-		\|-
	!*s		!*s
	\|t		\|t
	\|t͡s		\|t͡s
			\|s
	\|-		\|-
	!*z		!*z
	\|ç, ʃ		\|ç, ʃ
	\|s		\|s
			\|z, ʒ
	\|-		\|-
	!*t͡ʃ		!*t͡ʃ
	\|colspan="2"\|t͡ʃ		\|colspan="2"\|t͡ʃ
			\|ʃ
	\|-		\|-
	!*w		!*w
	\|colspan="2"\|u		\|colspan="2"\|u
			\|β
	\|-		\|-
	!*j		!*j
	\|colspan="2"\|i		\|colspan="2"\|i
			\|j
	\|-		\|-
	!*ɭ		!*ɭ
	\|ɽ		\|ɽ
	\|l		\|l
			\|ɭ
	\|-		\|-
	!*ɻ		!*ɻ
	\|ɻ		\|ɻ
	\|w		\|w
			\|ɻ
	\|-		\|-
	!*l<sub>1</sub>		!*l<sub>1</sub>
	\|w, u		\|w, u
	\|l, [[w:Tone (linguistics)\|V˩]]		\|l, [[w:Tone (linguistics)\|V˩]]
			\|x
	\|-		\|-
	!*l<sub>2</sub>		!*l<sub>2</sub>
	\|w, u		\|w, u
	\|l, [[w:Tone (linguistics)\|V˩]]		\|l, [[w:Tone (linguistics)\|V˩]]
			\|∅
	\|-		\|-
	!*ä		!*ä
	\|ɑ		\|ɑ
	\|ä, ɔ, ɛ		\|ä, ɔ, ɛ, e
			\|ä, ɔ, e
	\|-		\|-
	!*i		!*i
	\|i		\|i
	\|i, ɪ, e		\|i, ɪ, e
			\|i, e
	\|-		\|-
	!*u		!*u
	\|u		\|u
	\|u, o		\|u, o
			\|u, o, ɔ
	\|}		\|}

Frrurtu: /* Sound reflexes in daughter languages */

2017-02-23T06:13:28Z

Sound reflexes in daughter languages

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:13, 23 February 2017
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	{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"		{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
	\|-		\|-
	\|		!
	!colspan="2"\|South Rttirrian		!colspan="2"\|South Rttirrian
	!North Rttirrian		!North Rttirrian

Frrurtu: starting sound table

2017-02-23T06:09:42Z

starting sound table

@@ Line 292: / Line 292: @@
 ===Syntax===
 The [[w:word order|word order]] of Proto-Rttirrian is unknown. Because its case system was highly atrophied and it possessed only a nominative and an accusative, it is thought likely that a [[w:subject-verb-object|subject-verb-object]] (SVO) or [[w:object-verb-subject|object-verb-subject]] (OVS) word order was used.
 ==See also==

Frrurtu at 05:37, 23 February 2017

2017-02-23T05:37:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:37, 23 February 2017
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			'''Proto-Rttirrian''' is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Rttirrian family of languages spoken primarily across the nation of [[Verse:Rttirria\|Rttirria]], as well as other nearby nations in [[w:Southeast Asia\|Southeast Asia]]. It was probably spoken around 1500–1000 BCE, but there are no written records of its existence. Based on the distribution and diversity of its daughter languages, Proto-Rttirrian's [[w:urheimat\|urheimat]] was probably somewhere in present-day northeastern Rttirria or southwestern [[w:Myanmar\|Myanmar]].

			Proto-Rttirrian was a moderately [[w:fusional language\|fusional]] language somewhat like many [[w:Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] languages, which inflected verbs for person, number, [[w:animacy\|animacy]], tense, and the [[w:subjunctive mood\|subjunctive]] mood. It had two consonants, transcribed ''l<sub>1</sub>'' and ''l<sub>2</sub>'', whose pronunciations are disputed; disputes also exist over the function of its "fourth tense" (after past, present, and future) and its word order.

			Rttirrian is not known to be related to any other [[w:language family\|language family]], but various proposals have been made, especially relations to the [[w:Dravidian languages\|Dravidian]] languages and various families in New Guinea and Australia; however, none of these proposals has much academic support. By far, the Rttirrian language with the most speakers is [[Rttirri]], which is spoken by over 46 million people and is the official language of Rttirria. Most of its other daughter languages have only a few thousand or hundred remaining speakers, except for [[Gaju]], with almost a million.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
	===Consonants===		===Consonants===
	Proto-Rttirrian had a ~~fairly small~~ consonant inventory; however, it was much more flexible than its daughter languages with regards to clusters. The following consonants are reconstructed:		Proto-Rttirrian had a moderate-sized consonant inventory; however, it was much more flexible than its daughter languages with regards to clusters. The following consonants are reconstructed:

	{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"		{\| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
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	* The exact function of the fourth tense is unknown; it may have been a [[w:perfect (grammar)\|perfect]] aspect, an [[w:aorist\|aorist]], or something else entirely. It evolved into two verbal moods in Proto-South-Rttirrian and took on various tense and aspect functions in other descendants.		* The exact function of the fourth tense is unknown; it may have been a [[w:perfect (grammar)\|perfect]] aspect, an [[w:aorist\|aorist]], or something else entirely. It evolved into two verbal moods in Proto-South-Rttirrian and took on various tense and aspect functions in other descendants.
	* An ''i-'' was used to begin the stems of transitive verbs. By analogy, this would cause object pronouns to be affixed to the verb in Proto-South-Rttirrian.		* An ''*i-'' was used to begin the stems of transitive verbs. By analogy, this would cause object pronouns to be affixed to the verb in Proto-South-Rttirrian.

	====Auxiliary verbs====		====Auxiliary verbs====

Frrurtu: /* Nouns */

2017-02-23T05:13:52Z

Nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:13, 23 February 2017
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	\| ''*sa-''		\| ''*sa-''
	\| ''*l<sub>1</sub>a-''		\| ''*l<sub>1</sub>a-''
	\| ''*~~rdu~~-''		\| ''*rdi-''
	\| ''*il<sub>1</sub>-''		\| ''*il<sub>1</sub>-''
	\| ''*rda-''		\| ''*rda-''

Frrurtu: /* Nouns */

2017-02-23T05:13:14Z

Nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:13, 23 February 2017
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	\| ''*ksay''		\| ''*ksay''
	\| ''*gyu''		\| ''*gyu''
	\| ''*da''		\| ''*di''
	\| ''*guy''		\| ''*guy''
	\| ''*day''		\| ''*day''

Frrurtu at 05:11, 23 February 2017

2017-02-23T05:11:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:11, 23 February 2017
Line 152:		Line 152:
	* An ''i-'' was used to begin the stems of transitive verbs. By analogy, this would cause object pronouns to be affixed to the verb in Proto-South-Rttirrian.		* An ''i-'' was used to begin the stems of transitive verbs. By analogy, this would cause object pronouns to be affixed to the verb in Proto-South-Rttirrian.

	===Auxiliary verbs===		====Auxiliary verbs====
	Ample auxiliary verbs were used. Some of these would later fuse to the verb to become inflectional moods. Similarly, certain past-tense and future-tense verb prefixes would become auxiliary verbs.		Ample auxiliary verbs were used. Some of these would later fuse to the verb to become inflectional moods. Similarly, certain past-tense and future-tense verb prefixes would become auxiliary verbs.

Line 180:		Line 180:
	:You had to leave.		:You had to leave.

			====Subjunctive====
	Only one inflectional mood was used: the [[w:subjunctive mood\|subjunctive]]. It agreed with the tense of the verb:		Only one inflectional mood was used: the [[w:subjunctive mood\|subjunctive]]. It agreed with the tense of the verb:

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	\| ''*-l<sub>2</sub>agyi''		\| ''*-l<sub>2</sub>agyi''
	\|}		\|}

			:<nowiki>*</nowiki>L<sub>1</sub>a-chi-'''nagi''' day
			:2SG.PRES-eat-SUBJ.PRES 3PL.INAN.ACC
			:If you were to eat them

	===Nouns===		===Nouns===
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	\| ''*-mi''		\| ''*-mi''
	\|}		\|}


	The following pronouns are reconstructed. Note that many of the nominative pronouns end with ''*-tku''—in Proto-South-Rttirrian, this would be reanalyzed as an affix meaning "self" with a possessive prefix, cf. [[Rttirri]] ''nattu'' ("I", lit. "my self"). This affix is present both as an independent word for "self, identity" and as a general emphatic pronoun suffix in Rttirri and, to a lesser extent, [[Gaju]].		The following pronouns are reconstructed. Note that many of the nominative pronouns end with ''*-tku''—in Proto-South-Rttirrian, this would be reanalyzed as an affix meaning "self" with a possessive prefix, cf. [[Rttirri]] ''nattu'' ("I", lit. "my self"). This affix is present both as an independent word for "self, identity" and as a general emphatic pronoun suffix in Rttirri and, to a lesser extent, [[Gaju]].

Frrurtu: /* Grammar */

2017-02-23T02:27:52Z

Grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:27, 23 February 2017
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	\| ''*day''		\| ''*day''
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~Genitive~~<br>noun prefix		! Possessive<br>noun prefix
	\| ''*na-''		\| ''*na-''
	\| ''*mi-''		\| ''*mi-''
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	\| ''*rda-''		\| ''*rda-''
	\|}		\|}

			===Syntax===
			The [[w:word order\|word order]] of Proto-Rttirrian is unknown. Because its case system was highly atrophied and it possessed only a nominative and an accusative, it is thought likely that a [[w:subject-verb-object\|subject-verb-object]] (SVO) or [[w:object-verb-subject\|object-verb-subject]] (OVS) word order was used.

	==See also==		==See also==