User:Frrurtu/Sandbox3 - Revision history

Frrurtu: /* Phonology */

2017-06-27T19:58:14Z

Phonology

Frrurtu: /* Phonology */

2017-06-27T19:49:03Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:49, 27 June 2017
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	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
	[[File:Whitsoot english vowels.png\|thumb\|right\|Averaged vowel formants for speakers from Whitsoot. Note the heavily fronted /oʊ/ in words like ''sew'', ''rowed'', ''mown'', and ''bow'' (for a violin), and the backed /o/ in words like ''so'', ''road'', ''moan'', and ''beau''.]]		[[File:Whitsoot english vowels.png\|thumb\|right\|Averaged vowel formants for speakers from Prichette County, Oregon, including Whitsoot and many of its suburbs. Note the heavily fronted /oʊ/ in words like ''sew'', ''rowed'', ''mown'', and ''bow'' (for a violin), and the backed /o/ in words like ''so'', ''road'', ''moan'', and ''beau''.]]
	Whitsoot English is distinguished by the following phonological features:		Whitsoot English is distinguished by the following phonological features:
	* Like most American English, Whitsoot English is firmly rhotic; /r/ is realized as the typical Western American [ɻ~ɻʷ].		* Like most American English, Whitsoot English is firmly rhotic; /r/ is realized as the typical Western American [ɻ~ɻʷ].

Frrurtu: /* Grammar */

2017-06-27T19:45:52Z

Grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 27 June 2017
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	* Omission of the verb "to be" in constructions such as "the car needs washed", which has a similar geographic distribution.		* Omission of the verb "to be" in constructions such as "the car needs washed", which has a similar geographic distribution.
	* Positive "any", which is a generic quantifier meaning "at least one". It formed in a similar process to positive "anymore", namely by the word "not" in sentences like "I don't go there anymore" being dropped to create a new meaning.		* Positive "any", which is a generic quantifier meaning "at least one". It formed in a similar process to positive "anymore", namely by the word "not" in sentences like "I don't go there anymore" being dropped to create a new meaning.
	:* Compare "She doesn't want any books" to "she wants any books" - the second sentence implies that the person wants a number of books greater than zero.		:* Compare "She doesn't want any books" to "she wants any books" - the second sentence implies that the person wants a number of books greater than zero (though it does not imply that she is desperate and not picky, as the stressed "she wants ''any'' books" would).
	* Use of some prepositions like adjectives, such as ''between'' ("conflicted, stressed"), ''along'' ("prudent, culturally aware, on the right track in life"), ''without'' ("ascetic, minimalist"). These novel adjectives can even be conjugated ("He's alonger than he was last year").		* Use of some prepositions like adjectives, such as ''between'' ("conflicted, stressed"), ''along'' ("prudent, culturally aware, on the right track in life"), ''without'' ("ascetic, minimalist"). These novel adjectives can even be conjugated ("He's alonger than he was last year").
	* ''Meena'', a modal word derived from "mean to", which implies a weak desire to do something eventually, but not in the near future. It does not conjugate ("She meena visit Hawaii" - ''She would like to visit Hawaii one day, but it's alright if it never happens'').		* ''Meena'', a modal word derived from "mean to", which implies a weak desire to do something eventually, but not in the near future. It does not conjugate ("She meena visit Hawaii" - ''She would like to visit Hawaii one day, but it's alright if it never happens'').

Frrurtu: /* Vocabulary */

2017-06-27T18:18:12Z

Vocabulary

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	* ''you guys'' to refer to multiple people, as in most of the United States, versus ''y'all'' in the South, ''yinz'' in Western Pennsylvania, and ''youse'' in eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York City		* ''you guys'' to refer to multiple people, as in most of the United States, versus ''y'all'' in the South, ''yinz'' in Western Pennsylvania, and ''youse'' in eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York City
	* ''sparky'' to refer to an insect with a glowing body, versus ''firefly'' in most of the West and Northeast and ''lightning bug'' in the Midwest and South		* ''sparky'' to refer to an insect with a glowing body, versus ''firefly'' in most of the West and Northeast and ''lightning bug'' in the Midwest and South
	* ''garden'' to refer to the grassy strip in between the street and sidewalk		* ''garden'' to refer to the grassy strip in between the street and sidewalk, versus many other terms around the country

Frrurtu: /* Vocabulary */

2017-06-27T18:17:51Z

Vocabulary

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	* ''scoy'' - organized, in order, clean, professional (from the Japanese ''[[Wiktionary:sugoi\|sugoi]]'')		* ''scoy'' - organized, in order, clean, professional (from the Japanese ''[[Wiktionary:sugoi\|sugoi]]'')
	* ''springy'' - attractive, cute		* ''springy'' - attractive, cute

			Other terminology that groups Whitsoot English with certain regions, and distances it from others, includes:
			* ''soda'' to refer to a soft drink, as in California, parts of the Midwest, and the Northeast, versus ''pop'' in most of the Midwest and Northwest and ''coke'' in the South
			* ''you guys'' to refer to multiple people, as in most of the United States, versus ''y'all'' in the South, ''yinz'' in Western Pennsylvania, and ''youse'' in eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York City
			* ''sparky'' to refer to an insect with a glowing body, versus ''firefly'' in most of the West and Northeast and ''lightning bug'' in the Midwest and South
			* ''garden'' to refer to the grassy strip in between the street and sidewalk

Frrurtu: /* Phonology */

2017-06-27T18:08:37Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 27 June 2017
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	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
	[[File:Whitsoot english vowels.png\|thumb\|right\|Averaged vowel formants for speakers from Whitsoot. Note the heavily fronted /oʊ/ in words like ''sew'', ''rowed'', ''~~grown~~'', and ''bow'' (for a violin), and the backed /o/ in words like ''so'', ''road'', ''~~groan~~'', and ''beau''.]]		[[File:Whitsoot english vowels.png\|thumb\|right\|Averaged vowel formants for speakers from Whitsoot. Note the heavily fronted /oʊ/ in words like ''sew'', ''rowed'', ''mown'', and ''bow'' (for a violin), and the backed /o/ in words like ''so'', ''road'', ''moan'', and ''beau''.]]
	Whitsoot English is distinguished by the following phonological features:		Whitsoot English is distinguished by the following phonological features:
	* Like most American English, Whitsoot English is firmly rhotic; /r/ is realized as the typical Western American [ɻ~ɻʷ].		* Like most American English, Whitsoot English is firmly rhotic; /r/ is realized as the typical Western American [ɻ~ɻʷ].
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	* /uː/, however, stays fairly backed in the mouth, around [u] or [ʊu] at the furthest front. Within the United States, this feature is mostly reserved to the Upper Midwest and Northeast and to certain ethnicity-specific dialects such as [[w:African-American Vernacular English\|African-American Vernacular English]] and [[w:Chicano English\|Chicano English]].		* /uː/, however, stays fairly backed in the mouth, around [u] or [ʊu] at the furthest front. Within the United States, this feature is mostly reserved to the Upper Midwest and Northeast and to certain ethnicity-specific dialects such as [[w:African-American Vernacular English\|African-American Vernacular English]] and [[w:Chicano English\|Chicano English]].
	* The sew-so split, a feature unique to Whitsoot English, which involves /oʊ/ splitting into two phonemes:		* The sew-so split, a feature unique to Whitsoot English, which involves /oʊ/ splitting into two phonemes:
	:* A fronted vowel whose quality can range from [ɜʊ~əʊ] to [øː~øʉ]. This is used after [[w:coronal consonant\|coronal consonants]] except before /l/ and labial consonants (''soak'', ''note'', ''stoat'', ''dose'', ''joke'' - but not ''soul'', ''dope'', ''Toby''), in open syllables (''sew'', ''~~grow~~'', ''row''), and in conjugations of these morphologically open syllables (''sewed'', ''~~grown~~'', ''rows'' - but not ''~~groan~~'' or ''rose'').		:* A fronted vowel whose quality can range from [ɜʊ~əʊ] to [øː~øʉ]. This is used after [[w:coronal consonant\|coronal consonants]] except before /l/ and labial consonants (''soak'', ''note'', ''stoat'', ''dose'', ''joke'' - but not ''soul'', ''dope'', ''Toby''), in open syllables (''sew'', ''mow'', ''row''), and in conjugations of these morphologically open syllables (''sewed'', ''mown'', ''rows'' - but not ''soda'', ''moan'', or ''rose'').
	:* A backed, monophthongized vowel [oː]. This is used in all other phonetic environments (''boast'', ''loan'', ''roach'', ''~~moan~~''), in some [[w:function word\|function word]]s where the fronted vowel would be expected (''so'', ''though'', ''ago''), and in many foreign or novel words (''Osaka'', ''lo mein'', ''Kodak'').		:* A backed, monophthongized vowel [oː]. This is used in all other phonetic environments (''boast'', ''loan'', ''roach'', ''cone''), in some [[w:function word\|function word]]s where the fronted vowel would be expected (''so'', ''though'', ''ago''), and in many foreign or novel words (''Osaka'', ''lo mein'', ''Kodak'').
	* Some raising of /æ/ before nasals and /g/, but unlike most of the Western United States, it only raises to about [æə] or [ɛ̞ə] at the highest.		* Some raising of /æ/ before nasals and /g/, but unlike most of the Western United States, it only raises to about [æə] or [ɛ̞ə] at the highest.
	* Limited to nonexistent raising of front vowels before /ŋ/ - for example, ''sing'' is just [sɛ̝ŋ] instead of [siŋ].		* Limited to nonexistent raising of front vowels before /ŋ/ - for example, ''sing'' is just [sɛ̝ŋ] instead of [siŋ].

Frrurtu: /* Phonology */

2017-06-27T18:05:16Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:05, 27 June 2017
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	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
			[[File:Whitsoot english vowels.png\|thumb\|right\|Averaged vowel formants for speakers from Whitsoot. Note the heavily fronted /oʊ/ in words like ''sew'', ''rowed'', ''grown'', and ''bow'' (for a violin), and the backed /o/ in words like ''so'', ''road'', ''groan'', and ''beau''.]]
	Whitsoot English is distinguished by the following phonological features:		Whitsoot English is distinguished by the following phonological features:
	* Like most American English, Whitsoot English is firmly rhotic; /r/ is realized as the typical Western American [ɻ~ɻʷ].		* Like most American English, Whitsoot English is firmly rhotic; /r/ is realized as the typical Western American [ɻ~ɻʷ].
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	* /uː/, however, stays fairly backed in the mouth, around [u] or [ʊu] at the furthest front. Within the United States, this feature is mostly reserved to the Upper Midwest and Northeast and to certain ethnicity-specific dialects such as [[w:African-American Vernacular English\|African-American Vernacular English]] and [[w:Chicano English\|Chicano English]].		* /uː/, however, stays fairly backed in the mouth, around [u] or [ʊu] at the furthest front. Within the United States, this feature is mostly reserved to the Upper Midwest and Northeast and to certain ethnicity-specific dialects such as [[w:African-American Vernacular English\|African-American Vernacular English]] and [[w:Chicano English\|Chicano English]].
	* The sew-so split, a feature unique to Whitsoot English, which involves /oʊ/ splitting into two phonemes:		* The sew-so split, a feature unique to Whitsoot English, which involves /oʊ/ splitting into two phonemes:
	:* A fronted vowel whose quality can range from [ɜʊ~əʊ] to [øː~øʉ]. This is used after [[w:coronal consonant\|coronal consonants]] except before /l/ and labial consonants (''soak~~'', ''toad~~'', ''note'', ''stoat'', ''dose'', ''joke'' - but not ''soul'', ''dope'', ''Toby''), in open syllables (''sew'', ''~~know~~'', ''row''), and in conjugations of these morphologically open syllables (''sewed'', ''~~knows~~'', ''rows'' - but not ''~~nose~~'' or ''rose'').		:* A fronted vowel whose quality can range from [ɜʊ~əʊ] to [øː~øʉ]. This is used after [[w:coronal consonant\|coronal consonants]] except before /l/ and labial consonants (''soak'', ''note'', ''stoat'', ''dose'', ''joke'' - but not ''soul'', ''dope'', ''Toby''), in open syllables (''sew'', ''grow'', ''row''), and in conjugations of these morphologically open syllables (''sewed'', ''grown'', ''rows'' - but not ''groan'' or ''rose'').
	:* A backed, monophthongized vowel [oː]. This is used in all other phonetic environments (''boast'', ''loan'', ''roach'', ''moan''), in some [[w:function word\|function word]]s where the fronted vowel would be expected (''so'', ''though'', ''ago''), and in many foreign or novel words (''Osaka'', ''lo mein'', ''Kodak'').		:* A backed, monophthongized vowel [oː]. This is used in all other phonetic environments (''boast'', ''loan'', ''roach'', ''moan''), in some [[w:function word\|function word]]s where the fronted vowel would be expected (''so'', ''though'', ''ago''), and in many foreign or novel words (''Osaka'', ''lo mein'', ''Kodak'').
	* Some raising of /æ/ before nasals and /g/, but unlike most of the Western United States, it only raises to about [æə] or [ɛ̞ə] at the highest.		* Some raising of /æ/ before nasals and /g/, but unlike most of the Western United States, it only raises to about [æə] or [ɛ̞ə] at the highest.

Frrurtu: /* Vocabulary */

2017-06-27T17:49:19Z

Vocabulary

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	* ''ball'' - okay, satisfactory, average		* ''ball'' - okay, satisfactory, average
	* ''berserk'' - a harmless but loud animal, person, or object, particularly a guard animal that may alert its owner to a person's presence		* ''berserk'' - a harmless but loud animal, person, or object, particularly a guard animal that may alert its owner to a person's presence
			* ''cho'' (/t͡ʃoː/) - angry, violent, animalistic (unknown etymology)
	* ''cough'' - pay, wages, rations		* ''cough'' - pay, wages, rations
	* ''to cub'' - to deceive, to appear superficially safe or nonthreatening		* ''to cub'' - to deceive, to appear superficially safe or nonthreatening
	* ''nervous'' - exciting, exhilarating (for a situation or activity, not a person or animal)		* ''nervous'' - exciting, exhilarating (for a situation or activity, not a person or animal)
	* ''normal'' - barren, denuded, shaven, cleared of foliage or debris		* ''normal'' - barren, denuded, shaven, cleared of foliage or debris
			* ''patrol'' - a hunter
			* ''scoy'' - organized, in order, clean, professional (from the Japanese ''[[Wiktionary:sugoi\|sugoi]]'')
	* ''springy'' - attractive, cute		* ''springy'' - attractive, cute

Frrurtu at 17:35, 27 June 2017

2017-06-27T17:35:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:35, 27 June 2017
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	* Use of some prepositions like adjectives, such as ''between'' ("conflicted, stressed"), ''along'' ("prudent, culturally aware, on the right track in life"), ''without'' ("ascetic, minimalist"). These novel adjectives can even be conjugated ("He's alonger than he was last year").		* Use of some prepositions like adjectives, such as ''between'' ("conflicted, stressed"), ''along'' ("prudent, culturally aware, on the right track in life"), ''without'' ("ascetic, minimalist"). These novel adjectives can even be conjugated ("He's alonger than he was last year").
	* ''Meena'', a modal word derived from "mean to", which implies a weak desire to do something eventually, but not in the near future. It does not conjugate ("She meena visit Hawaii" - ''She would like to visit Hawaii one day, but it's alright if it never happens'').		* ''Meena'', a modal word derived from "mean to", which implies a weak desire to do something eventually, but not in the near future. It does not conjugate ("She meena visit Hawaii" - ''She would like to visit Hawaii one day, but it's alright if it never happens'').

			==Vocabulary==
			Some terms from [[w:Chinook Jargon\|Chinook Jargon]] are in use in Whitsoot, but as it lies at the fringe of the Pacific Northwest, they are not as common or as numerous as in northern Oregon and Washington.

			However, many slang terms exist that developed independently among the industrial, hunting, fishing, and lumberjack communities of the Whitsoot area. These include:
			* ''ball'' - okay, satisfactory, average
			* ''berserk'' - a harmless but loud animal, person, or object, particularly a guard animal that may alert its owner to a person's presence
			* ''cough'' - pay, wages, rations
			* ''to cub'' - to deceive, to appear superficially safe or nonthreatening
			* ''nervous'' - exciting, exhilarating (for a situation or activity, not a person or animal)
			* ''normal'' - barren, denuded, shaven, cleared of foliage or debris
			* ''springy'' - attractive, cute

Frrurtu: /* Phonology */

2017-06-27T16:49:40Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:49, 27 June 2017
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	* The [[w:cot-caught merger\|cot-caught]] merger, through which the vowel sounds /ɑː/ and /ɔː/ merge. This feature is common throughout most of North America besides the Upper Midwest, South, and Northeast. The resulting quality is something like [ɑ~ɒ].		* The [[w:cot-caught merger\|cot-caught]] merger, through which the vowel sounds /ɑː/ and /ɔː/ merge. This feature is common throughout most of North America besides the Upper Midwest, South, and Northeast. The resulting quality is something like [ɑ~ɒ].
	* The [[w:pin-pen merger\|pin-pen merger]], through which /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ merge before /n/ and /m/. The merged quality also participates in the California Shift, and may be realized anywhere from [ɛ̝] to [æ]. This feature is best known as part of [[w:Southern American English\|Southern American English]], but also exists elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest - see [[w:Pacific Northwest English\|Pacific Northwest English]].		* The [[w:pin-pen merger\|pin-pen merger]], through which /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ merge before /n/ and /m/. The merged quality also participates in the California Shift, and may be realized anywhere from [ɛ̝] to [æ]. This feature is best known as part of [[w:Southern American English\|Southern American English]], but also exists elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest - see [[w:Pacific Northwest English\|Pacific Northwest English]].
	* /ʊ/ is fronted to something like [ʊ̈], and /ʌ/ to [ɜ~ə]. This is common elsewhere in the Western and Southern United States.		* /ʊ/ is fronted to something like [ʊ̈], and /ʌ/ to [ɜ~ə]. This fronting is common elsewhere in the Western and Southern United States.
	* /uː/, however, stays fairly backed in the mouth, around [u] or [ʊu] at the furthest front. Within the United States, this feature is mostly reserved to the Upper Midwest and Northeast and to certain ethnicity-specific dialects such as [[w:African-American Vernacular English\|African-American Vernacular English]] and [[w:Chicano English\|Chicano English]].		* /uː/, however, stays fairly backed in the mouth, around [u] or [ʊu] at the furthest front. Within the United States, this feature is mostly reserved to the Upper Midwest and Northeast and to certain ethnicity-specific dialects such as [[w:African-American Vernacular English\|African-American Vernacular English]] and [[w:Chicano English\|Chicano English]].
	* The sew-so split, a feature unique to Whitsoot English, which involves /oʊ/ splitting into two phonemes:		* The sew-so split, a feature unique to Whitsoot English, which involves /oʊ/ splitting into two phonemes:
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	* Some raising of /æ/ before nasals and /g/, but unlike most of the Western United States, it only raises to about [æə] or [ɛ̞ə] at the highest.		* Some raising of /æ/ before nasals and /g/, but unlike most of the Western United States, it only raises to about [æə] or [ɛ̞ə] at the highest.
	* Limited to nonexistent raising of front vowels before /ŋ/ - for example, ''sing'' is just [sɛ̝ŋ] instead of [siŋ].		* Limited to nonexistent raising of front vowels before /ŋ/ - for example, ''sing'' is just [sɛ̝ŋ] instead of [siŋ].
	* Limited to nonexistent [[w:Canadian raising\|Canadian raising]] of either /aɪ/ or /aʊ/. ~~However~~, as in ~~much of~~ the Western and ~~Southern US~~, /aʊ/ is ~~universally raised~~ to [æʊ~eo].		* Limited to nonexistent [[w:Canadian raising\|Canadian raising]] of either /aɪ/ or /aʊ/.
	* Initial /θ/ voices to /ð/ when the consonant after the next vowel is also voiced. For example, ''thanks'' is pronounced [ðaŋks], which is often written "the-anks" in [[w:eye dialect\|eye dialect]] as a hallmark of Whitsoot English. ''Thick and thin'' [~~θɛk~~ ən ~~ðɛn~~] is another common [[w:shibboleth\|shibboleth]].		* The Whitsoot Diphthong Shift, a clockwise chain shift of rising diphthongs:
	* /ɔɪ/ is unrounded to [ʌɪ~ɑi]. A well-known billboard near the edge of Whitsoot, which greets new residents and is a common location for photographs by tourists, says "Movin' to Whitsoot? Ya made a good chice!"		:* First, /eɪ/ loses its glide and may raise slightly, to [eː~ɪː]. Second, /aʊ/ raises to [æʊ~eo]. Both of these features are typical in the Western United States.
			:* Third, however, /aɪ/ fronts to [ai~æɪ]. This feature is rare outside the Upper Midwest.
			:* Fourth, and most unusually, /ɔɪ/ is unrounded and often lowered to [ʌɪ~ɑi]. A well-known billboard near the edge of Whitsoot, which greets new residents and is a common location for photographs by tourists, says "Movin' to Whitsoot? Ya made a good chice!"
			* Initial /θ/ voices to /ð/ when the consonant after the next vowel is also voiced. For example, ''thanks'' is pronounced [ðaŋks], which is often written "the-anks" in [[w:eye dialect\|eye dialect]] as a hallmark of Whitsoot English. ''Thick and thin'' [θɛ̝k ən ðɛ̝n] is another common [[w:shibboleth\|shibboleth]].

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:58, 27 June 2017
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	* The sew-so split, a feature unique to Whitsoot English, which involves /oʊ/ splitting into two phonemes:		* The sew-so split, a feature unique to Whitsoot English, which involves /oʊ/ splitting into two phonemes:
	:* A fronted vowel whose quality can range from [ɜʊ~əʊ] to [øː~øʉ]. This is used after [[w:coronal consonant\|coronal consonants]] except before /l/ and labial consonants (''soak'', ''note'', ''stoat'', ''dose'', ''joke'' - but not ''soul'', ''dope'', ''Toby''), in open syllables (''sew'', ''mow'', ''row''), and in conjugations of these morphologically open syllables (''sewed'', ''mown'', ''rows'' - but not ''soda'', ''moan'', or ''rose'').		:* A fronted vowel whose quality can range from [ɜʊ~əʊ] to [øː~øʉ]. This is used after [[w:coronal consonant\|coronal consonants]] except before /l/ and labial consonants (''soak'', ''note'', ''stoat'', ''dose'', ''joke'' - but not ''soul'', ''dope'', ''Toby''), in open syllables (''sew'', ''mow'', ''row''), and in conjugations of these morphologically open syllables (''sewed'', ''mown'', ''rows'' - but not ''soda'', ''moan'', or ''rose'').
	:* A backed, monophthongized vowel [oː]. This is used in all other phonetic environments (''boast'', ''loan'', ''roach'', ''cone''), in some [[w:function word\|function word]]s where the fronted vowel would be expected (''so'', ''though'', ''ago''), and in many foreign or novel words (''Osaka'', ''lo mein'', ''Kodak'').		:* A backed, monophthongized vowel [oː~ɔ̝ː], represented here with the symbol /o/. This is used in all other phonetic environments (''boast'', ''loan'', ''roach'', ''cone''), in some [[w:function word\|function word]]s where the fronted vowel would be expected (''so'', ''though'', ''ago''), and in many foreign or novel words (''Osaka'', ''lo mein'', ''Kodak'').
			:* Younger speakers produce a greater phonetic difference between the two phonemes: fronter realizations of /oʊ/ and higher realizations of /o/.
	* Some raising of /æ/ before nasals and /g/, but unlike most of the Western United States, it only raises to about [æə] or [ɛ̞ə] at the highest.		* Some raising of /æ/ before nasals and /g/, but unlike most of the Western United States, it only raises to about [æə] or [ɛ̞ə] at the highest.
	* Limited to nonexistent raising of front vowels before /ŋ/ - for example, ''sing'' is just [sɛ̝ŋ] instead of [siŋ].		* Limited to nonexistent raising of front vowels before /ŋ/ - for example, ''sing'' is just [sɛ̝ŋ] instead of [siŋ]. This may be changing with the youngest speakers, however; more research is needed.
	* Limited to nonexistent [[w:Canadian raising\|Canadian raising]] of either /aɪ/ or /aʊ/.		* Limited to nonexistent [[w:Canadian raising\|Canadian raising]] of either /aɪ/ or /aʊ/. This may also be changing with the youngest speakers.
	* The Whitsoot Diphthong Shift, a clockwise chain shift of rising diphthongs:		* The Whitsoot Diphthong Shift, a clockwise chain shift of rising diphthongs:
	:* First, /eɪ/ loses its glide and may raise slightly, to [eː~ɪː]. Second, /aʊ/ raises to [æʊ~eo]. Both of these features are typical in the Western United States.		:* First, /eɪ/ loses its glide and may raise slightly, to [eː~ɪː]. Second, /aʊ/ raises to [æʊ~eo]. Both of these features are typical in the Western United States.
	:* Third, however, /aɪ/ fronts to [ai~æɪ]. This feature is rare outside the Upper Midwest.		:* Third, however, /aɪ/ fronts to [ai~æɪ]. This feature is rare outside the Upper Midwest.
	:* Fourth, and most unusually, /ɔɪ/ is unrounded and often lowered to [ʌɪ~ɑi]. A well-known billboard near the edge of Whitsoot, which greets new residents and is a common location for photographs by tourists, says "Movin' to Whitsoot? Ya made a good chice!"		:* Fourth, and most unusually, /ɔɪ/ is unrounded and often lowered to [ʌɪ~ɑi]. A well-known billboard near the edge of Whitsoot, which greets new residents and is a common location for photographs by tourists, says "Movin' to Whitsoot? Ya made a good chice!" The sociolinguistics of this feature are complicated: it is more common among men and the working-classes, but also among younger speakers, and thus it may be increasing in frequency. Field research shows that it is widely seen as a "fun-loving" and "friendly" feature.
	* Initial /θ/ voices to /ð/ when the consonant after the next vowel is also voiced. For example, ''thanks'' is pronounced [ðaŋks], which is ~~often~~ written "the-anks" in [[w:eye dialect\|eye dialect]] as a hallmark of Whitsoot English. ''Thick and thin'' [θɛ̝k ən ðɛ̝n] is another common [[w:shibboleth\|shibboleth]].		* Initial /θ/ often voices to /ð/, especially intervocalically, when the consonant after the next vowel is also voiced. For example, ''thanks'' may be pronounced [ðaŋks], which is written "the-anks" or "th'anks" in [[w:eye dialect\|eye dialect]] as a hallmark of Whitsoot English. ''Thick and thin'' [θɛ̝k ən ðɛ̝n], written as "thick 'n then", is another common [[w:shibboleth\|shibboleth]]. However, this is considered a particularly stigmatized feature and is less frequent among younger speakers.

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==