User:Waahlis/Proto-Jivan - Revision history

Waahlis at 10:23, 15 July 2014

2014-07-15T10:23:45Z

Waahlis at 16:37, 13 September 2013

2013-09-13T16:37:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 13 September 2013
Line 4:		Line 4:
	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
	The Proto-Jivan phonology has turned out to be fairly straight-forward, and its vowels were the first to be deciphered.		The Proto-Jivan phonology has turned out to be fairly straight-forward, and its vowels were the first to be deciphered.
	{\| class="~~wikitable~~"\|-		{\| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
			\|-
	\|+ '''Jivan vowel accordance'''		\|+ '''Jivan vowel accordance'''
	! Proto-Jivan\|\| Ris\|\| Kiwi \|\| Niki		! Proto-Jivan\|\| Ris\|\| Kiwi \|\| Niki
Line 24:		Line 25:
	\| '''*ə:''' \|\| e \|\| e \|\|		\| '''*ə:''' \|\| e \|\| e \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''*əy''' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| '''*əy''' \|\| ā \|\| ai \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''*i''' \|\| i \|\| i \|\|		\| '''*i''' \|\| i \|\| i \|\|
Line 41:		Line 42:
	===Consonants===		===Consonants===
	The Proto-Jivan consonants are much more of an ordeal to reconstruct. Both Ris and Kiwi turned out to massacre the consonants, whilst the Niki language seems to have retained more of the consonants than the vowels.		The Proto-Jivan consonants are much more of an ordeal to reconstruct. Both Ris and Kiwi turned out to massacre the consonants, whilst the Niki language seems to have retained more of the consonants than the vowels.
	{\| class="~~wikitable~~"\|-		{\| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
			\|-
	\|+ '''Jivan consonant accordance'''		\|+ '''Jivan consonant accordance'''
	! Proto-Jivan\|\| Ris\|\| Kiwi \|\| Niki		! Proto-Jivan\|\| Ris\|\| Kiwi \|\| Niki
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''*m''' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| '''*m''' \|\| m \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''*n''' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| '''*n''' \|\| n, ṇ \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''*ŋ''' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| '''*ŋ''' \|\| ṇ \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''*b''' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| '''*b''' \|\| b, p \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''*bʰ''' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| '''*bʰ''' \|\| bh, ph, b, p \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''*tʰ''' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| '''*tʰ''' \|\| th, t \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''*t''' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| '''*t''' \|\| t \|\| \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''*tʷ''' \|\| \|\| \|\|		\| '''*tʷ''' \|\| \|\| \|\|

Waahlis: Created page with "Based on the works and the field studies of the linguists ''John G. Crossing'' and ''James Mitchell'', there have been many attempts to reconstruct the hypothesised '''Proto-J..."

2013-09-11T07:20:02Z

Created page with "Based on the works and the field studies of the linguists ''John G. Crossing'' and ''James Mitchell'', there have been many attempts to reconstruct the hypothesised '''Proto-J..."

New page

Based on the works and the field studies of the linguists ''John G. Crossing'' and ''James Mitchell'', there have been many attempts to reconstruct the hypothesised '''Proto-Jivan''' language, the supposed ancestor of the [[Ris]] and [[Kiwi]] languages.

==Phonology==
===Vowels===
The Proto-Jivan phonology has turned out to be fairly straight-forward, and its vowels were the first to be deciphered.
{| class="wikitable"|-
|+ '''Jivan vowel accordance'''
! Proto-Jivan|| Ris|| Kiwi || Niki
|-
| '''*a''' || a || a ||
|-
| '''*a:''' || ā || ā ||
|-
| '''*ay''' || || ||
|-
| '''*e''' || a, ∅ || a, e ||
|-
| '''*e:''' || ā || i ||
|-
| '''*ey''' || || ||
|-
| '''*ə''' || a, ∅ || a, o ||
|-
| '''*ə:''' || e || e ||
|-
| '''*əy''' || || ||
|-
| '''*i''' || i || i ||
|-
| '''*i:''' || ī, i || ī ||
|-
| '''*iy''' || || ||
|-
| '''*u''' || u || u ||
|-
| '''*u:''' || ū || ū ||
|-
| '''*uy''' || || ||
|}

===Consonants===
The Proto-Jivan consonants are much more of an ordeal to reconstruct. Both Ris and Kiwi turned out to massacre the consonants, whilst the Niki language seems to have retained more of the consonants than the vowels.
{| class="wikitable"|-
|+ '''Jivan consonant accordance'''
! Proto-Jivan|| Ris|| Kiwi || Niki
|-
| '''*m''' || || ||
|-
| '''*n''' || || ||
|-
| '''*ŋ''' || || ||
|-
| '''*b''' || || ||
|-
| '''*bʰ''' || || ||
|-
| '''*tʰ''' || || ||
|-
| '''*t''' || || ||
|-
| '''*tʷ''' || || ||
|-
| '''*tʰ''' || || ||
|-
| '''*d''' || || ||
|-
| '''*dʷ''' || || ||
|-
| '''*dʰ''' || || ||
|-
| '''*k''' || || ||
|-
| '''*kʷ''' || || ||
|-
| '''*kʰ''' || || ||
|-
| '''*g''' || || ||
|-
| '''*gʷ''' || || ||
|-
| '''*gʰ''' || || ||
|-
| '''*r''' || || ||
|}

==Ris==
===Sound changes===
The following sound changes are hypothesised to have occured in the Ris language.

*C[+plos +asp -lab] > C[+plos +asp -lab] /_
*C[+plos -asp -lab] > C[+plos -asp -lab] /#_
*V > V: /_V(V[+lost])

*a(:) > a(:) /_
*h > ḥ /_
*ə > a /_
*əy > ə /C[+lab]_C
*C[-plos]əC[+plos] > C[+plos]əC[-plos] /_C
*ə > ∅ /C_C[+trill]
*kʷ > v /#_
::(kʷ > kv > hv > v)
*kʷ > w /V_V
*wV > w /V_C
*tʷ > ṛ /V_V
*i: > i /_
*C[+plos -asp -lab] > t /V_i
*e: > a: /C[+lab]_