Wistanian - Revision history

Upalldayallen: /* Syntax */ small updates

2020-04-28T03:50:43Z

Syntax: small updates

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:50, 28 April 2020
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	==Syntax==		==Syntax==

	Wistanian follows a fairly rigid syntax ~~and tight grammar for a number of historical reasons. Firstly,~~ due to its ~~mixing with the Nati language, Taliv lost most of~~ its ~~irregularities and exceptions. Secondly, as the Katapu began to teach Wistanian, they had spread false information to "make more sense" of the language, which resulted~~ in ~~further simplification that was later adopted as standard~~. In ~~Wistanian's infancy, it was~~ almost ~~engineered to be as efficient as possible. However~~, ~~learners were still able to incorporate features from their native language into~~ Wistanian, ~~providing it with several of its current syntactical quirks (e.g., imperative word order was introduced~~ by the ~~Nati learners)~~.		Wistanian follows a fairly rigid syntax due to its recent creolization and standardization at its in-universe conception. In almost all cases, Wistanian is verb-initial, followed by the nominative, accusative, instrumental, then purposive noun phrases.

	===Lexical Categories===		===Lexical Categories===
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	===Word Order===		===Word Order===

	Wistanian is predominately head-initial and verb-initial. This is ~~manafested~~ in that particles are always expressed first in a particle phrase (PartP), head verbs are expressed first in a verb phrase (VP), and head nouns are expressed first in a noun phrase (NP).		Wistanian is predominately head-initial and verb-initial. This is manifested in that particles are always expressed first in a particle phrase (PartP), head verbs are expressed first in a verb phrase (VP), and head nouns are expressed first in a noun phrase (NP).

	'''viga dari aa garauda bi.'''		'''viga dari aa garauda bi.'''
	vig-a dari aa garauda bi.		vig-a dari aa garauda+bi.
	eat-~~DUR~~ boy ACC food ~~goodness~~		eat-IPV boy ACC food+good
	"The boy is eating good food."		"The boy is eating good food."

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	Most of time, declarative and interrogative sentences will be expressed as verb-subject-object (VSO). However, imperative sentences use verb-object-subject (VOS). In the formal register of the Western Dialect, the word order changes dramatically into subject-object-verb (SOV), due to the SOV word order of the Bwolotil language spoken in those areas.		Most of time, declarative and interrogative sentences will be expressed as verb-subject-object (VSO). However, imperative sentences use verb-object-subject (VOS). In the formal register of the Western Dialect, the word order changes dramatically into subject-object-verb (SOV), due to the SOV word order of the Bwolotil language spoken in those areas.

	Phrases that begin with a relativizer particle (See 4.3.3) are expressed at the end of the NP that it modifies. Temporal phrases that begin with the particle '''auv''' (when/during) will typically be expressed at the beginning or end of a sentence, although some dialects and registers allow it after the VP.

	'''auv bimaj daridd, auzunwaj aa ujadi va jin, lu.'''		'''auv bimaj daridd, auzunwaj aa ujadi va jin, lu.'''

Upalldayallen: /* Lexical Categories */ updated

2020-04-28T03:11:48Z

Lexical Categories: updated

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	===Lexical Categories===		===Lexical Categories===

	Wistanian has ~~four traditional~~ lexical categories ~~(parts of speech):~~ the noun ~~('''davagg''')~~, ~~the~~ verb ~~('''anai''')~~, ~~the~~ particle ~~('''mauvaldul''')~~, and ~~the honorifics ('''garajil''')~~.		Wistanian has six lexical categories, the noun, verb, particle, coordinator, honorific, and interjection.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! style="text-align: center;" \| Nouns		! style="text-align: center;" \| Nouns
	~~\| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" \| davagg~~		\| Any word that can act as a subject or object the verb and is able to be either the head or attributive in a compound.
	\| Any word that ~~takes on nominal morphology and~~ can act as a subject or object the verb.
	\|-		\|-
	! style="text-align: center;" \| Verbs		! style="text-align: center;" \| Verbs
	~~\| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" \| anai~~		\| Any word that takes on verbal morphology and describes a state or action.
	\| Any word that takes on verbal morphology.
	\|-		\|-
	! style="text-align: center;" \| Particles		! style="text-align: center;" \| Particles
	~~\| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" \| mauvaldul~~
	\| Any word that has a grammatical role and cannot take on any additional morphemes.		\| Any word that has a grammatical role and cannot take on any additional morphemes.
			\|-
			! Coordinator
			\| Any word that connects two or more words of a similar lexical category or two or more clauses.
	\|-		\|-
	! style="text-align: center;" \| Honorifics		! style="text-align: center;" \| Honorifics
	~~\| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" \| garajil~~
	\| A polite title used with many proper nouns.		\| A polite title used with many proper nouns.
			\|-
			! style="text-align: center;" \| Interjection
			\| Any word that can stand alone and expresses a feeling or platitude.
	\|}		\|}

Upalldayallen: typos, fixed date

2020-03-20T07:45:07Z

typos, fixed date

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:45, 20 March 2020
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	\| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffffff; font-size:18px;" \| '''Created by:'''		\| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffffff; font-size:18px;" \| '''Created by:'''
	\|-		\|-
	\| Paul A. Daly \|\| Began: ~~January 2017~~<br/>Status: Mostly Fuctional		\| Paul A. Daly \|\| Began: 10 August 2016<br/>Status: Mostly Fuctional
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background color:#ffffff; font-size:18px;" \| '''Further Resources'''		\| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background color:#ffffff; font-size:18px;" \| '''Further Resources'''
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	<span style="color:red;">Headers that are currently correct: Intro, Phonology, Consonants, Vowels, Syllable Structure, Prosody, Romanization . . .</span>		<span style="color:red;">Headers that are currently correct: Intro, Phonology, Consonants, Vowels, Syllable Structure, Prosody, Romanization . . .</span>

	'''Wistanian''' (IPA: /wɪˈsteɪniən/), natively known as '''aningali''' (IPA:[ən̻iːn̻ɡəl̻i]) and often nicknamed '''Wisto''', is an ''a priori'' artistic constructed language . Its development began in ~~January 2017~~ for use in a WIP novel series by prominent characters who are monolingual or bilingual in the language. It is currently on "Version 9.1," having received several edits, updates, and an occasional total rehaul during its development.		'''Wistanian''' (IPA: /wɪˈsteɪniən/), natively known as '''aningali''' (IPA:[ən̻iːn̻ɡəl̻i]) and often nicknamed '''Wisto''', is an ''a priori'' artistic constructed language . Its development began in August 2016 for use in a WIP novel series by prominent characters who are monolingual or bilingual in the language. It is currently on "Version 9.1," having received several edits, updates, and an occasional total rehaul during its development.

	In universe, Wistanian is spoken by groups of fictional peoples on a large tropical island on a planet called Vaal (IPA: [veːl̻]). It is a ~~decendant~~ of the Taliv language after having merged with the Nati language during the Wistanian War. These two language communities worked together against the Bwolotil people who were seeking complete possession of the land. This war eventually ended with the signing of a peace treaty between four people groups, the Taliv, Nati, Bwolotil, and the Katapu who remained mostly separated from much of the fighting. About half a decade later, a fifth people group, the Uzin, joined the Wistanian union. The creole that arose from the Taliv-Nati alliance grew in popularity and loaned a large number of terms from the other languages. During the time of the novels, Wistanian has become the ''lingua franca'' of the island. It is considered the language of government, economy, and education, and it is mandatorily taught in most schools. There are approximately 50 million speakers, comprising of 95% of the island's population. Of that number, 60% are native in the language and 20% speak it monolingually.		In-universe, Wistanian is spoken by groups of fictional peoples on a large tropical island on a planet called Vaal (IPA: [veːl̻]). It is a descendant of the Taliv language after having merged with the Nati language during the Wistanian War. These two language communities worked together against the Bwolotil people who were seeking complete possession of the land. This war eventually ended with the signing of a peace treaty between four people groups, the Taliv, Nati, Bwolotil, and the Katapu who remained mostly separated from much of the fighting. About half a decade later, a fifth people group, the Uzin, joined the Wistanian union. The creole that arose from the Taliv-Nati alliance grew in popularity and loaned a large number of terms from the other languages. During the time of the novels, Wistanian has become the ''lingua franca'' of the island. It is considered the language of government, economy, and education, and it is mandatorily taught in most schools. There are approximately 50 million speakers, comprising 95% of the island's population. Of that number, 60% are native in the language and 20% speak it monolingually.

	Dialects of Wistanian are broadly split into three categories: the Standard Dialect, spoken in the central mountains, major cities, and among the Taliv and Nati people groups; The Western Dialect, spoken by a majority of Bwolotil and many Uzin speakers; and The Northern Dialect, spoken by the Katapu and some Uzin. Each dialect is mutually intelligible, although some variations have diverged enough to be confusing to the standard listener. These dialects vary in pronunciation, lexicon, and sometimes syntax. Aulwin Wistanian is a mostly unintelligible variety spoken on a small island off Wistania's northwest shore.		Dialects of Wistanian are broadly split into three categories: the Standard Dialect, spoken in the central mountains, major cities, and among the Taliv and Nati people groups; The Western Dialect, spoken by a majority of Bwolotil and many Uzin speakers; and The Northern Dialect, spoken by the Katapu and some Uzin. Each dialect is mutually intelligible, although some variations have diverged enough to be confusing to the standard listener. These dialects vary in pronunciation, lexicon, and sometimes syntax. Aulwin Wistanian is a mostly unintelligible variety spoken on a small island off Wistania's northwest shore.

	Typologically, Wistanian is a verb-initial and heavily isolating language with around 1.2 morphemes per phonological word. Its phonology is fairly small including an entirely voiced fricative set and no round vowels. Verbs conjugate for perfective, imperfective, and stative aspects with an additional irrealis form for each. Count nouns are declined for plural number only if its number is higher than five. Wistanian has a large collection of grammatical particles, honorifics, and conjunctions (which are sensitive to switch-reference), but no distinctive lexical category for adpositions, adjectives, or adverbs. The language is primarily written using the Talivian Alphabet (which has ~~horizonal~~ RtL and vertical UtD variants). Some alternate scripts do exist, namely the Diwa Alphabet and Nati Abugida.		Typologically, Wistanian is a verb-initial and heavily isolating language with around 1.2 morphemes per phonological word. Its phonology is fairly small including an entirely voiced fricative set and no round vowels. Verbs conjugate for perfective, imperfective, and stative aspects with an additional irrealis form for each. Count nouns are declined for plural number only if its number is higher than five. Wistanian has a large collection of grammatical particles, honorifics, and conjunctions (which are sensitive to switch-reference), but no distinctive lexical category for adpositions, adjectives, or adverbs. The language is primarily written using the Talivian Alphabet (which has horizontal RtL and vertical UtD variants). Some alternate scripts do exist, namely the Diwa Alphabet and Nati Abugida.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
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	===Vowels===		===Vowels===

	The following table features the five distinct monophthongs of Wistanian, /i e a ɑ ɯ/, in each form of phonological stress. With primary stress, they are long and tense; with secondary stress, they are short and tense; with tertiary stress, they are short and lax (/e/ and /ɑ/ never ~~recieve~~ tertiary stress). Wistanian's one diphthong /a͡i/ has no lax form, therefore only taking on primary or secondary stress. (Secondary stress is only observed in polysyllabic perfective verbs).		The following table features the five distinct monophthongs of Wistanian, /i e a ɑ ɯ/, in each form of phonological stress. With primary stress, they are long and tense; with secondary stress, they are short and tense; with tertiary stress, they are short and lax (/e/ and /ɑ/ never receive tertiary stress). Wistanian's one diphthong /a͡i/ has no lax form, therefore only taking on primary or secondary stress. (Secondary stress is only observed in polysyllabic perfective verbs).

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	===Prosody===		===Prosody===

	Wistanian speakers are usually soft and clear, as politeness and simplicity are important values in many of their cultures. In most Talivian villages, speaking loudly is considered rude and is therefore looked down upon. In the Southwest, the volume is typically louder. Speed also varies as the Northeast prefers slow and careful speech while the Northwest prefers fast-paced speech.		Wistanian speakers are usually soft and clear, as politeness and simplicity are important values in many of their cultures. In most Talivian villages, speaking loudly is considered rude and is, therefore, looked down upon. In the Southwest, the volume is typically louder. Speed also varies as the Northeast prefers slow and careful speech while the Northwest prefers fast-paced speech.

	===Orthography===		===Orthography===

Upalldayallen: /* Script */ added disclaimer

2020-03-20T07:32:11Z

Script: added disclaimer

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:32, 20 March 2020
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	===Script===		===Script===

			<big><span style="color:red;">'''ACURATE INFORMATION ENDS HERE.'''</span></big>

	====Script====		====Script====
	Wistanian has an alphabet which represents the different sounds in Wistanian. The alphabet was inspired by Latin, IPA, and Greek, but is often described as Armenian-looking. The font, based on [[w: Cambria_(typeface)\|Cambria]], was created using [https://sketchbook.com/ Autodesk Sketchbook] for the iPad and converted into a font using [https://www.calligraphr.com/en/ Calligraphr] and [https://www.cr8software.net/typelight.html TypeLight].		Wistanian has an alphabet which represents the different sounds in Wistanian. The alphabet was inspired by Latin, IPA, and Greek, but is often described as Armenian-looking. The font, based on [[w: Cambria_(typeface)\|Cambria]], was created using [https://sketchbook.com/ Autodesk Sketchbook] for the iPad and converted into a font using [https://www.calligraphr.com/en/ Calligraphr] and [https://www.cr8software.net/typelight.html TypeLight].

Upalldayallen: rewrote a few sections... a few more section left to go

2020-03-20T07:30:04Z

rewrote a few sections... a few more section left to go

Show changes

Upalldayallen: added construction banner

2019-09-23T03:03:41Z

added construction banner

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:03, 23 September 2019
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			{{construction}}

	{\| class="wikitable" style="float:right;" width="35%"		{\| class="wikitable" style="float:right;" width="35%"
	\|-		\|-

Upalldayallen: added update

2019-08-27T22:34:57Z

added update

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:34, 27 August 2019
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	<big><span style="color:red;">'''This page is currently outdated. Updates to come... eventually.'''</span></big>		<big><span style="color:red;">'''This page is currently outdated. Updates to come... eventually.'''</span></big>

			<span style="color:red;">'''Update update (27/8/2019): A brand new grammar sketch is currently in the works. Soon after that gets written, I plan for this page to be officially updated. I'm keeping it as is for now, however, because I am still using it as a reference. It's not completely obsolete, just a couple things have changed (e.g., re-labels, more details, plus there are conjunctions now). I hope to update this here very very soon. Thanks for your patience.'''</span>

	'''Wistanian''' (IPA: /wɪsˈteɪni.ən/), natively known as '''anigalilaun''' (IPA: /əˈniɡəˌlilɑn/) or 'peace language', is an ''a priori'' artistic [[w: Constructed_language\|constructed language]] created by author, student, and future ESL teacher Paul A. Daly for a series of low fantasy books that he plans to write and publish once he's done with his education. It is spoken as a ''lingua franca'' on the island of Wistania, derived from the Taliv language after their speakers came into contact with speakers of the Nati language. These two people groups allied during the Wistanian War between them and the Bwolotil people. After the war ended with a peace treaty, the language was standardized, recorded, and taught around the island as "the language of peace" and set as the official language of the united government. During the events of the novels, three hundred years after the peace treaty, around 95% of the population speak Wistanian; 60% of whom learn it natively and 20% of whom speak it exclusively.		'''Wistanian''' (IPA: /wɪsˈteɪni.ən/), natively known as '''anigalilaun''' (IPA: /əˈniɡəˌlilɑn/) or 'peace language', is an ''a priori'' artistic [[w: Constructed_language\|constructed language]] created by author, student, and future ESL teacher Paul A. Daly for a series of low fantasy books that he plans to write and publish once he's done with his education. It is spoken as a ''lingua franca'' on the island of Wistania, derived from the Taliv language after their speakers came into contact with speakers of the Nati language. These two people groups allied during the Wistanian War between them and the Bwolotil people. After the war ended with a peace treaty, the language was standardized, recorded, and taught around the island as "the language of peace" and set as the official language of the united government. During the events of the novels, three hundred years after the peace treaty, around 95% of the population speak Wistanian; 60% of whom learn it natively and 20% of whom speak it exclusively.

Upalldayallen: added disclaimer

2019-05-16T06:44:42Z

added disclaimer

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:44, 16 May 2019
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	\| [[Wistanian/Lexicon\|Wistanian Lexicon (WIP)]] \|\| [https://www.reddit.com/r/wistanian/ r/wistanian on Reddit]		\| [[Wistanian/Lexicon\|Wistanian Lexicon (WIP)]] \|\| [https://www.reddit.com/r/wistanian/ r/wistanian on Reddit]
	\|}		\|}

			<big><span style="color:red;">'''This page is currently outdated. Updates to come... eventually.'''</span></big>

	'''Wistanian''' (IPA: /wɪsˈteɪni.ən/), natively known as '''anigalilaun''' (IPA: /əˈniɡəˌlilɑn/) or 'peace language', is an ''a priori'' artistic [[w: Constructed_language\|constructed language]] created by author, student, and future ESL teacher Paul A. Daly for a series of low fantasy books that he plans to write and publish once he's done with his education. It is spoken as a ''lingua franca'' on the island of Wistania, derived from the Taliv language after their speakers came into contact with speakers of the Nati language. These two people groups allied during the Wistanian War between them and the Bwolotil people. After the war ended with a peace treaty, the language was standardized, recorded, and taught around the island as "the language of peace" and set as the official language of the united government. During the events of the novels, three hundred years after the peace treaty, around 95% of the population speak Wistanian; 60% of whom learn it natively and 20% of whom speak it exclusively.		'''Wistanian''' (IPA: /wɪsˈteɪni.ən/), natively known as '''anigalilaun''' (IPA: /əˈniɡəˌlilɑn/) or 'peace language', is an ''a priori'' artistic [[w: Constructed_language\|constructed language]] created by author, student, and future ESL teacher Paul A. Daly for a series of low fantasy books that he plans to write and publish once he's done with his education. It is spoken as a ''lingua franca'' on the island of Wistania, derived from the Taliv language after their speakers came into contact with speakers of the Nati language. These two people groups allied during the Wistanian War between them and the Bwolotil people. After the war ended with a peace treaty, the language was standardized, recorded, and taught around the island as "the language of peace" and set as the official language of the united government. During the events of the novels, three hundred years after the peace treaty, around 95% of the population speak Wistanian; 60% of whom learn it natively and 20% of whom speak it exclusively.

Upalldayallen: /* Script */ tweaked some phrasing

2019-04-13T00:23:18Z

Script: tweaked some phrasing

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:23, 13 April 2019
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	Wistanian has an alphabet which represents the different sounds in Wistanian. The alphabet was inspired by Latin, IPA, and Greek, but is often described as Armenian-looking. The font, based on [[w: Cambria_(typeface)\|Cambria]], was created using [https://sketchbook.com/ Autodesk Sketchbook] for the iPad and converted into a font using [https://www.calligraphr.com/en/ Calligraphr] and [https://www.cr8software.net/typelight.html TypeLight].		Wistanian has an alphabet which represents the different sounds in Wistanian. The alphabet was inspired by Latin, IPA, and Greek, but is often described as Armenian-looking. The font, based on [[w: Cambria_(typeface)\|Cambria]], was created using [https://sketchbook.com/ Autodesk Sketchbook] for the iPad and converted into a font using [https://www.calligraphr.com/en/ Calligraphr] and [https://www.cr8software.net/typelight.html TypeLight].

	The script, often referred to as '''araman taliv ~~auzanigza~~''' (lit. "dishes ~~of the Taliv~~") began its evolution during the Diwa oppression when the Taliv people were secretly plotting escape by setting their dishes outside their homes in certain orders to convey messages. After their escape and resettlement on the Wistanian island, the dishes gave form to the written language.		The script, often referred to as '''araman taliv''' (lit. "Talivian dishes") began its evolution during the Diwa oppression when the Taliv people were secretly plotting escape by setting their dishes outside their homes in certain orders to convey messages. After their escape and resettlement on the Wistanian island, the dishes gave form to the written language.

	Another interesting feature of the script is "compound glyphs." They are /k/, /t/, /p/, /e/, and /ɑ/, and they are made by doubling or combining two different glyphs together. This is why the romanization of Wistanian uses ⟨gg⟩ for /k/, ⟨au⟩ for /ɑ/, as well as the other digraphs.		Another interesting feature of the script is "compound glyphs." They are /k/, /t/, /p/, /e/, and /ɑ/, and they are made by doubling or combining two different glyphs together. This is why the romanization of Wistanian uses ⟨gg⟩ for /k/, ⟨au⟩ for /ɑ/, as well as the other digraphs. The letter for ⟨i⟩ is also normally connected to the consonant before it.

	Like the lexicon and grammar, ~~Daly redesigned~~ the Wistanian script multiple times - three, to be exact. The original script was an alphabet, but it did not capture the "spirit" of Wistanian, so it was scrapped for an abugida. The abugida, which was beautiful, was also difficult to learn and write, prompting yet another redesign. The original design is now considered as the old Diwa alphabet, while the abugida is an alternative script used by the Nati.		Like the lexicon and grammar, the Wistanian script has been redesigned multiple times - three, to be exact. The original script was an alphabet, but it did not capture the "spirit" of Wistanian, so it was scrapped for an abugida. The abugida, which was beautiful, was also difficult to learn and write, prompting yet another redesign. The original design is now considered as the old Diwa alphabet, while the abugida is an alternative script used by the Nati.

	===Dialectal Variation===		===Dialectal Variation===

Upalldayallen: /* Irrealis */ style fix

2019-03-12T05:48:09Z

Irrealis: style fix

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	Irrealis verbs describe an action that has not occurred. This mood is applied to verbs that refer to a future state or action, interrogative and polite imperative sentences, and conditional, obligative, and potential moods. Irrealis verbs are conjugated with the suffix ⟨-j⟩, which follows after the aspect marking. It is not applied to negated verbs.		Irrealis verbs describe an action that has not occurred. This mood is applied to verbs that refer to a future state or action, interrogative and polite imperative sentences, and conditional, obligative, and potential moods. Irrealis verbs are conjugated with the suffix ⟨-j⟩, which follows after the aspect marking. It is not applied to negated verbs.

	Whenever the irrealis is used on a verb without an aspect marker, it is assumed to be indicative of a future action (in most cases). ~~The~~ verb "walk" has not literally happened yet, which is why it is in the irrealis. However, the speaker is sure that the action will occur at some time in the future, which is why it is in the unmarked indicative.		Whenever the irrealis is used on a verb without an aspect marker, it is assumed to be indicative of a future action (in most cases). In the following example, the verb "walk" has not literally happened yet, which is why it is in the irrealis. However, the speaker is sure that the action will occur at some time in the future, which is why it is in the unmarked indicative.

	'''~~budaij~~ yau miram.'''		'''nadaij yau miram.'''
	~~buda~~ -ai '''-j''' yau miram.		nada -ai '''-j''' yau miram.
	walk.to-PRF'''-IRR''' 1S.NOM store.		walk.to-PRF'''-IRR''' 1S.NOM store.
	"I will walk to the store."		"I will walk to the store."