Xobchyk - Revision history

EnricoGalea: /* Morphology */

2025-05-04T01:59:15Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:59, 4 May 2025
Line 487:		Line 487:
	** ''dor'' – has arrived unexpectedly		** ''dor'' – has arrived unexpectedly
	** ''daur'' – will arrive, surprisingly		** ''daur'' – will arrive, surprisingly
	''Xobchyk'' employs a robust system of '''non-concatenative morphology''', including root-internal vowel shifts and reduplication. Rather than stacking affixes linearly, verb stems undergo internal changes to express ~~voice~~, mood, evidentiality, and aspect.		''Xobchyk'' employs a robust system of '''non-concatenative morphology''', including root-internal vowel shifts and reduplication. Rather than stacking affixes linearly, verb stems undergo internal changes to express mirativity, tense, mood, evidentiality, and aspect. More complex verbs change the vowels for more than one aspect or tense.

	* Reduplication typically marks iterative or habitual action:		* Reduplication typically marks iterative or habitual action:
Line 497:		Line 497:

	The progressive is formed by doubling the first consonant. If the first consonant is already doubled, like in «шшар» “to hiss”, it doubles the consonant cluster, but with «ы» in between. So, “шшар” becomes “шшышшар”.		The progressive is formed by doubling the first consonant. If the first consonant is already doubled, like in «шшар» “to hiss”, it doubles the consonant cluster, but with «ы» in between. So, “шшар” becomes “шшышшар”.

			Although being non-concatenative, other forms have particles to make them. Those oarticles always come before the verb form. The participle is formed by the particle “во” + infinitive. The Past is formed by “гье” + present form(conjugated). The future is formed by “нло” + present form(conjugated). The Perfect is formed by “боц” + present form(conjugated). The imperfect is formed by “зёх” + present form(conjugated). So for example, the Past Perfect Imperative Firsthand Surprising of the verb “tal” (to see) is: гьебоц тол ('eboc tol).

	Here’s the complete conjugation of the verb '''tal''' (to see):		Here’s the complete conjugation of the verb '''tal''' (to see):

	!!Attention: Forms with pronouns inside the verbs are not included, such as “I see HIM”!!		!!Attention: Forms with pronouns inside the verbs are not included, such as “I see HIM”!!
	~~Forms: Tulo, Tolo~~
	~~Forms: tël (past, perfect, indicative, direct, indirect, unexpected), tëal (future, simple, indicative, direct, indirect, surprisingly)~~
	{\| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"		{\| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
	! '''Tense'''		! '''Tense'''

EnricoGalea: /* Phonology */

2025-05-03T01:41:47Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:41, 3 May 2025
Line 70:		Line 70:

	All dialects of Xobchyk distinguish the following consonantal phonemes, though phonetic realization can vary regionally. The standard variety includes uvulars and pharyngeals, which are typologically rare in East Asia.		All dialects of Xobchyk distinguish the following consonantal phonemes, though phonetic realization can vary regionally. The standard variety includes uvulars and pharyngeals, which are typologically rare in East Asia.

	~~Phonology ==~~



	{{quote box		{{quote box

EnricoGalea: /* Phonology */

2025-05-03T01:41:02Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:41, 3 May 2025
Line 66:		Line 66:

	== Phonology ==		== Phonology ==

			'''Consonants'''

			All dialects of Xobchyk distinguish the following consonantal phonemes, though phonetic realization can vary regionally. The standard variety includes uvulars and pharyngeals, which are typologically rare in East Asia.

			Phonology ==


Line 78:		Line 84:

	}}		}}



	~~'''Consonants'''~~

	All dialects of Xobchyk distinguish the following consonantal phonemes, though phonetic realization can vary regionally. The standard variety includes uvulars and pharyngeals, which are typologically rare in East Asia.

EnricoGalea: /* Phonology */

2025-05-03T01:39:41Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:39, 3 May 2025
Line 94:		Line 94:

	! \|Alveolar		! \|Alveolar

			! \|Retroflex

	! \|Palatal		! \|Palatal
Line 112:		Line 114:

	\| '''н''' /n/		\| '''н''' /n/

			\|

	\|		\|
Line 130:		Line 134:

	\| '''т''' /t/		\| '''т''' /t/

			\|

	\| '''ц''' /c/		\| '''ц''' /c/
Line 148:		Line 154:

	\| '''д''' /d/		\| '''д''' /d/

			\|

	\|		\|
Line 166:		Line 174:

	\| '''тʼ''' /tʼ/		\| '''тʼ''' /tʼ/

			\|

	\| '''цʼ''' /cʼ/		\| '''цʼ''' /cʼ/
Line 184:		Line 194:

	\| '''с''' /s/		\| '''с''' /s/

			\| '''ш''' /ʂ/

	\| '''хь''' /ç/		\| '''хь''' /ç/
Line 202:		Line 214:

	\| '''з''' /z/		\| '''з''' /z/

			\|

	\|		\|
Line 220:		Line 234:

	\| '''л''' /l/		\| '''л''' /l/

			\|

	\|		\|
Line 230:		Line 246:

	\|		\|

	\|-

	~~! Retroflex Fricative~~

	\|

	~~\| '''ш''' /ʂ/~~

	\|

	\|

	\|

	\|

	\|

	\|-		\|-
Line 256:		Line 254:

	\|		\|

			\|

	\| '''й''' /j/		\| '''й''' /j/
Line 276:		Line 276:

	\|		\|

			\|

	\|		\|

EnricoGalea: /* Morphology */

2025-05-03T01:30:04Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:30, 3 May 2025
Line 496:		Line 496:
	** ''lal'' – to call		** ''lal'' – to call
	** ''lalal'' – to call repeatedly or habitually		** ''lalal'' – to call repeatedly or habitually
	The evidential system in ''Xobchyk'' ~~is unusually elaborate~~, marking whether the speaker knows the information firsthand, ~~inferred it,~~ heard ~~it from someone else~~, or ~~considers it mythic/legendary~~.		The evidential system in ''Xobchyk'' isn’t hard, marking whether the speaker knows the information, firsthand, or has heard, was told or presumed, indirect.

	Lastly, ''Xobchyk'' features '''split-predicate constructions''', where the verb stem is separated into multiple components distributed across a clause. These constructions are especially common in expressions of motion, emotion, and obligation, and they often combine analytic particles with stem fragments to signal complex aspectual or modal distinctions.		Lastly, ''Xobchyk'' features '''split-predicate constructions''', where the verb stem is separated into multiple components distributed across a clause. These constructions are especially common in expressions of motion, emotion, and obligation, and they often combine analytic particles with stem fragments to signal complex aspectual or modal distinctions.

	The progressive is formed by doubling the first consonant. If the first consonant is already doubled, like in “		The progressive is formed by doubling the first consonant. If the first consonant is already doubled, like in «шшар» “to hiss”, it doubles the consonant cluster, but with «ы» in between. So, “шшар” becomes “шшышшар”.

	Here’s the complete conjugation of the verb '''tal''' (to see):		Here’s the complete conjugation of the verb '''tal''' (to see):

EnricoGalea: /* Phonology */

2025-05-03T01:25:24Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:25, 3 May 2025
Line 411:		Line 411:
	Coda clusters are more restricted and often contain combinations of nasals, stops, and laterals. Sequences like /nt/, /rk/, and /mg/ occur frequently. However, triple codas are avoided, and loanwords with such clusters are typically adapted with epenthetic vowels or simplified consonants.		Coda clusters are more restricted and often contain combinations of nasals, stops, and laterals. Sequences like /nt/, /rk/, and /mg/ occur frequently. However, triple codas are avoided, and loanwords with such clusters are typically adapted with epenthetic vowels or simplified consonants.

	The language strongly avoids sequences of identical consonants, except in expressive or onomatopoeic forms. For example, words like "шшар" /~~ʂʂɑr~~/ ("to hiss") exist but are rare and stylistically marked. Assimilation across syllables is minimal, preserving clarity in clusters.		The language strongly avoids sequences of identical consonants, except in expressive or onomatopoeic forms. For example, words like "шшар" /ʂʂar/ ("to hiss") exist but are rare and stylistically marked. Assimilation across syllables is minimal, preserving clarity in clusters.

	Vowel sequences are generally disallowed unless forming diphthongs. Xobchyk's permitted diphthongs (such as /aj/, /ej/, /ou/, /ɤj/) follow strict rising or falling sonority contours. Diphthongs tend to occur word-medially or word-finally, but rarely word-initially unless following a glottal stop.		Vowel sequences are generally disallowed unless forming diphthongs. Xobchyk's permitted diphthongs (such as /aj/, /ej/, /ou/, /ɤj/) follow strict rising or falling sonority contours. Diphthongs tend to occur word-medially or word-finally, but rarely word-initially unless following a glottal stop.

EnricoGalea: /* Morphology */

2025-05-03T01:24:51Z

Morphology

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:24, 3 May 2025
Line 499:		Line 499:

	Lastly, ''Xobchyk'' features '''split-predicate constructions''', where the verb stem is separated into multiple components distributed across a clause. These constructions are especially common in expressions of motion, emotion, and obligation, and they often combine analytic particles with stem fragments to signal complex aspectual or modal distinctions.		Lastly, ''Xobchyk'' features '''split-predicate constructions''', where the verb stem is separated into multiple components distributed across a clause. These constructions are especially common in expressions of motion, emotion, and obligation, and they often combine analytic particles with stem fragments to signal complex aspectual or modal distinctions.

			The progressive is formed by doubling the first consonant. If the first consonant is already doubled, like in “

	Here’s the complete conjugation of the verb '''tal''' (to see):		Here’s the complete conjugation of the verb '''tal''' (to see):

EnricoGalea: /* Morphology */

2025-05-03T01:22:34Z

Morphology

@@ Line 525: / Line 525: @@
 |Firsthand
 |Unexpected
-|таал
+|тыл
 |-
 |Present
@@ Line 588: / Line 588: @@
 |Indirect
 |Unexpected
-|тылё
+|таал
 |-
 |Present
@@ Line 595: / Line 595: @@
 |Indirect
 |Surprising
 |тулу
 |}

EnricoGalea: /* Morphology */

2025-05-03T01:15:14Z

Morphology

@@ Line 554: / Line 554: @@
 |Surprising
 |тäла
 |}

EnricoGalea: /* Phonology */

2025-04-30T23:32:12Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:32, 30 April 2025
Line 209:		Line 209:
	\|		\|

	\|		\| '''гь''' /ʕ/

	\|		\|