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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page. Added disclaimer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{private}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;!DISCLAIMER!&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ==&lt;br /&gt;
This article features a conlang made completely by AI! Zarevka is a conlang made by [https://claude.ai Claude by Anthropic], with asstistance from user [[User:Sush1BS|Sush1BS]] (publification, documentation), as a form of an experiment. Sush1BS takes no claim to ownership of the conlang. This entire article was also made fully by AI with the exception of this disclaimer.{{Infobox language&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Zarevka&lt;br /&gt;
|nativename=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zarevka&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pronunciation={{IPA|/za.ˈrev.ka/}}&lt;br /&gt;
|created=2025&lt;br /&gt;
|createdby=[[User:Sush1do|Sush1do]]&lt;br /&gt;
|setting=Mountain conlang; fictional world&lt;br /&gt;
|region=The Drevak mountain passes and valleys&lt;br /&gt;
|ethnicity=[[Drevak]]&lt;br /&gt;
|familycolor=conlang&lt;br /&gt;
|family=Language isolate (typologically inspired by the [[w:Caucasian language area|Caucasian language area]])&lt;br /&gt;
|ancestor=Proto-Drevak (unattested; reconstructed from intra-etymology)&lt;br /&gt;
|script=[[Zarevka script]] (own abugida); Latin romanisation&lt;br /&gt;
|nation=—&lt;br /&gt;
|speakers=—&lt;br /&gt;
|agency=—&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zarevka&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{IPA|/za.ˈrev.ka/}}; endonym: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zarevka&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — lit. &amp;quot;the domain/practice of voice&amp;quot;) is a [[w:constructed language|constructed language]] created by [[User:Sush1BS|Sush1BS]] in 2025. It is the language of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Drevak&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, a fictional mountain people whose culture, lore, and oral tradition are developed in parallel with the language itself. The name &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zarevka&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a compound of the root &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zar-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;quot;voice, speech, sound&amp;quot;) and the nominalising suffix &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-evka&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;quot;the domain or practice of&amp;quot;), making it cognate in spirit to real-world language names such as Georgian &amp;#039;&amp;#039;kartuli&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (from &amp;#039;&amp;#039;kartveli&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, the people).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zarevka is a [[w:language isolate|typological isolate]] — it does not descend from any real language — but its design sensibility is deeply informed by the [[w:Caucasian language area|Caucasian language area]], particularly [[w:Georgian language|Georgian]] as its primary model, with secondary influence from [[w:Chechen language|Chechen]] and [[w:Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]]. It is a [[w:Subject–object–verb|Subject–Object–Verb]] language with an agglutinative-to-fusional morphology, a large consonant inventory including [[w:ejective consonant|ejectives]], and an original script of its own design.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The language has an established lexicon of over 760 entries, a developing grammar system documented through the translation of Genesis 1:1–5, and a fully functional font distributed as a TrueType file.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Classification ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zarevka is classified as a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;fictional naturalistic conlang&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: it is designed to resemble a language that could plausibly have evolved naturally among a real people, rather than being engineered for logical regularity or international communication. Its design priorities are:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Phonological richness (large consonant inventory, ejectives, front rounded vowels)&lt;br /&gt;
* Internal etymological consistency (most vocabulary is derived from a small set of documented roots)&lt;br /&gt;
* Typological plausibility (SOV order, postpositions, genitive-before-noun, verb-final tense marking)&lt;br /&gt;
* Cultural embeddedness (lexicon and grammar reflect Drevak mountain life and oral tradition)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The closest real typological relatives are the [[w:Kartvelian languages|Kartvelian languages]] (particularly Georgian), the [[w:Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian languages]] (Chechen, Ingush), and the [[w:Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest Caucasian languages]] (Abkhaz, Kabardian), none of which are genealogically related to one another. This mirrors the historical situation of the Caucasian language area, where typological convergence occurred without common ancestry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Drevak people ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Drevak&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{IPA|/ˈdre.vak/}}) are the fictional mountain people who speak Zarevka. The ethnonym is a genuine proper noun of opaque etymology — folk tradition among the Drevak derives it from a very old root meaning &amp;quot;those of the high place,&amp;quot; though this is considered uncertain. The language &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zarevka&amp;#039;&amp;#039; takes its name not from the people but from a description that became a proper noun through use, much as &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Romance&amp;#039;&amp;#039; languages take their name from Latin &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Romanicus&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Drevak inhabit deep mountain valleys and high passes. This geographical isolation explains several features of the language: the large consonant inventory (isolation tends to preserve and elaborate consonant distinctions), the front-weighted stress system (initial-syllable prominence aids comprehension across distance), and the rich system of compounding (limited borrowing from neighbours requires internal word formation). Their strong oral tradition — the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;velzarevka&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, literally &amp;quot;the practice of many voices&amp;quot; — explains why the language&amp;#039;s most culturally significant vocabulary cluster around speech, sound, memory, and stone.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zarevka has a large consonant inventory of 34 phonemes, organised by place and manner of articulation. A defining feature is the presence of a full series of [[w:ejective consonant|ejective]] stops and affricates alongside their plain counterparts, consistent with the Caucasian typological area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Lateral !! Postalveolar !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Plain plosive&lt;br /&gt;
| p  b || || t  d || || || k  g || q ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Ejective plosive&lt;br /&gt;
| p&amp;#039; || || t&amp;#039; || || || k&amp;#039; || q&amp;#039; ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Plain affricate&lt;br /&gt;
| || || ts  dz || || tʃ  dʒ || || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Ejective affricate&lt;br /&gt;
| || || ts&amp;#039; || || tʃ&amp;#039; || || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| || f  v || s  z || ɬ || ʃ  ʒ || x || ɣ || h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m || || n || || || || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
| w || || || l || || || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
| || || r || || || || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notes:&lt;br /&gt;
* /ɬ/ is the voiceless lateral fricative, as in [[w:Welsh language|Welsh]] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ll&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or [[w:Zulu language|Zulu]] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;hl&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; romanised ⟨ł⟩&lt;br /&gt;
* /x/ is the voiceless velar fricative, as in Scottish English &amp;#039;&amp;#039;loch&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; romanised ⟨x⟩ (new system) or ⟨kh⟩ (old digraph)&lt;br /&gt;
* /ɣ/ is the voiced uvular fricative; romanised ⟨ġ⟩&lt;br /&gt;
* /q/ is the voiceless uvular stop, further back than /k/&lt;br /&gt;
* The glottal stop /ʔ/ appears predictably as a hiatus-breaker between vowels and is not phonemic; it can be written ⟨ʔ⟩ as a standalone particle&lt;br /&gt;
* Ejectives are marked with an apostrophe in all romanisation systems: ⟨p&amp;#039; t&amp;#039; k&amp;#039; q&amp;#039; c&amp;#039; č&amp;#039;⟩&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zarevka has a seven-vowel system: five core vowels plus two front rounded vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! !! Front unrounded !! Front rounded !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || ü /y/ || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || ö /ø/ || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| a || ||&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Long vowels are written double in romanisation: ⟨aa⟩, ⟨ee⟩, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* No diphthongs; hiatus is resolved by /ʔ/&lt;br /&gt;
* The language is non-tonal; prosodic complexity resides in the consonant system&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Stress ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stress falls on the first [[w:syllable weight|heavy syllable]] (a syllable with a long vowel or closed coda). If no heavy syllable is present, stress defaults to the first syllable. This produces the characteristic front-weighted rhythm of Zarevka words, which the Drevak associate with &amp;quot;the way a call carries across a valley.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C)(C), allowing up to two consonants at onset and coda. Key phonotactic constraints:&lt;br /&gt;
* Ejectives cannot cluster with one another&lt;br /&gt;
* Voiced and voiceless obstruents do not cluster across a syllable boundary&lt;br /&gt;
* /ɬ/ does not appear in coda position&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Romanisation ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zarevka uses its own script (see below) as the primary writing form. The romanisation is a scholarly transliteration system used in linguistic documentation and in this article. The current system uses single characters with diacritics, avoiding digraphs wherever possible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Romanisation !! IPA !! Notes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| p  b  t  d  k  g  q || /p b t d k g q/ || Plain plosives, direct correspondence&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| f  v  s  z  h || /f v s z h/ || Fricatives, direct correspondence&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| š || /ʃ/ || Postalveolar fricative; formerly ⟨sh⟩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ž || /ʒ/ || Voiced postalveolar fricative; formerly ⟨zh⟩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| x || /x/ || Velar fricative; formerly ⟨kh⟩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ġ || /ɣ/ || Voiced uvular fricative; formerly ⟨gh⟩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ł || /ɬ/ || Voiceless lateral fricative; unchanged&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| c || /ts/ || Alveolar affricate; formerly ⟨ts⟩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ż || /dz/ || Voiced alveolar affricate; formerly ⟨dz⟩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| č || /tʃ/ || Postalveolar affricate; formerly ⟨ch⟩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| j || /dʒ/ || Voiced postalveolar affricate; unchanged&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| p&amp;#039;  t&amp;#039;  k&amp;#039;  q&amp;#039;  c&amp;#039;  č&amp;#039; || /p&amp;#039; t&amp;#039; k&amp;#039; q&amp;#039; ts&amp;#039; tʃ&amp;#039;/ || Ejectives; apostrophe retained&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| m  n  l  r  w || /m n l r w/ || Sonorants, direct correspondence&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| a  e  i  o  u || /a e i o u/ || Core vowels&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ü || /y/ || Close front rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ö || /ø/ || Mid front rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Script ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zarevka is written in an original &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;abugida&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — a script in which consonants are primary letters and vowels are diacritics written above the preceding consonant. This is consistent with the phonological reality of the language, where consonants carry grammatical weight and vowels modify them. The script was designed to reflect the Drevak&amp;#039;s material culture: it is &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;angular and stroke-based&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, as if carved into stone or wood rather than brushed or inked, and every glyph is systematically constructed from a small set of components.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Design system ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each consonant glyph is built from two layers:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. Spine shape&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — encodes &amp;#039;&amp;#039;place of articulation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
* Horizontal bar (—) → bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
* Vertical bar (|) → alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
* Fork shape (⋏) → postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
* Diagonal (\) → velar/uvular&lt;br /&gt;
* Dot (●) → glottal&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. Manner mark&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — a secondary stroke added to the spine:&lt;br /&gt;
* No addition → plain plosive&lt;br /&gt;
* Crossing tick → fricative&lt;br /&gt;
* Double crossing tick → affricate&lt;br /&gt;
* Downward hook → nasal&lt;br /&gt;
* Side branch → approximant/lateral&lt;br /&gt;
* Two side branches → trill&lt;br /&gt;
* Detached dot above → ejective&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This means that a reader who knows the system can decode an unfamiliar glyph by reading its components. The voiced counterpart of any consonant is indicated by a short serif stroke at a position characteristic of its place: left-end serif for bilabials, foot serif for alveolars, head serif for velars/uvulars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowel diacritics ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are diacritics placed above the preceding consonant. When a vowel appears word-initially (with no preceding consonant), it is written on a short carrier stroke.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Vowel !! Diacritic form !! Standalone (word-initial)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| a || Single dot above || Dot on carrier stroke&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| e || Horizontal dash above || Dash on carrier stroke&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| i || Vertical tick above || Tick on carrier stroke&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| o || Small open circle above || Circle on carrier stroke&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| u || Downward hook above || Hook on carrier stroke&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ü || Dot + right curl above || Dot-curl on carrier stroke&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ö || Dash + right curl above || Dash-curl on carrier stroke&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Long vowels are written by doubling the diacritic. The word separator is a thin vertical stroke (similar to the Ethiopic wordspace ፡), rather than a space. Quotation is marked by angular bracket glyphs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Writing direction and word boundaries ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zarevka is written left-to-right, top-to-bottom. Words are separated by a thin vertical divider stroke rather than a blank space, which reflects the Drevak oral tradition of continuous speech with clearly marked boundaries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Font ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A TrueType font (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zarevka-Regular.ttf&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) has been developed, mapping the Zarevka script glyphs to standard keyboard keys. The font uses polygon-based outlines (no bezier curves) consistent with the angular, carved aesthetic of the script. It includes 61 glyphs with contours covering all consonants, vowels, ejectives, punctuation, and Zarevka numeral forms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Grammar ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Typological overview ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zarevka is a [[w:Subject–object–verb|Subject–Object–Verb]] language with the following typological features:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;SOV word order&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in all clause types&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Verb-final&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; tense and mood marking&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Postpositions&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; rather than prepositions&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Genitive before the governed noun&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (possessor precedes possessed)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Adjectives follow the noun&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; they modify&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Agglutinative&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; morphology with some fusional elements in the verb&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;No grammatical gender&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; on nouns (consistent with Georgian)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;No articles&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (definite/indefinite distinction is contextual)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word order ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The canonical word order is &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Subject – Object – Verb&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. All modifiers precede their heads within the noun phrase. Postpositions follow the noun phrase they govern.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;van zarek tok gloqval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — lit. &amp;quot;I river that see&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;I see that river&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozan-vel drovan k&amp;#039;arzvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — lit. &amp;quot;divine earth made&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;the divine made the earth&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the subject is recoverable from context or verb agreement (in future work), it may be dropped. The copula &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zhoqal&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;quot;to be/exist&amp;quot;) can also be dropped in simple present equational sentences, as in Russian and Hebrew:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drovan velak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — lit. &amp;quot;earth full&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;the earth is full&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (copula omitted)&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drovan dovan zhoqvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — lit. &amp;quot;earth empty was&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;the earth was empty&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (copula retained in past)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tense ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tense is marked by suffixes on the verb. The verb root typically ends in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-val&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (intransitive/stative) or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-eval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (transitive/active). Tense modifies this ending:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Tense !! Suffix !! Example: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gloqval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (to see)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Present || -val / -eval (base) || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gloqval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — sees&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Past || -vash / -evash || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gloqvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — saw&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Future || -vanel / -evanel || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gloqvanel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — will see&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The past suffix &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-vash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is etymologically linked to &amp;#039;&amp;#039;varash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (fire) — the past is what has already burned. The future suffix &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-vanel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; echoes &amp;#039;&amp;#039;van-el&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (the collective &amp;quot;we&amp;quot;) — what is yet to come belongs to all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Further examples:&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zareval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zarevash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zarevanel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (to speak → spoke → will speak)&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;meraval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;meravash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;meravanel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (to walk → walked → will walk)&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;draveval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;draveevash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;draveevanel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (to eat → ate → will eat)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Mood ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Jussive ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The jussive (&amp;quot;let there be X&amp;quot;) is formed by adding the suffix &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; to the bare verb stem (the root without &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-val&amp;#039;&amp;#039;). This is attested in the Genesis translation and reflects the Drevak ritual use of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; as a realisation/completion marker already present in the nominal lexicon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozar zhoq-ak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — lit. &amp;quot;light let-exist&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;let there be light&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;noshan zhoq-ak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;#039;&amp;#039;let there be rain&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zarevka zhoq-ak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;#039;&amp;#039;let Zarevka exist&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Parallel: Hebrew &amp;#039;&amp;#039;yehi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (let there be); Latin subjunctive &amp;#039;&amp;#039;sit&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The genitive case ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Possession and source are marked by the suffix &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;-zan&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; on the possessor noun. The possessor precedes the possessed noun. This suffix is also productive in colour and quality formation (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;varashzan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;quot;fire-coloured&amp;quot; → red; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;ezzan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;quot;sky-coloured&amp;quot; → blue).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozan-vel-zan zar&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;divine-GEN voice&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;the voice of the divine&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vomak-vel-zan tsomek&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;deep-GEN surface&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;the surface of the deep&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;ezan-zan drelak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;sky-GEN peak&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;the peak of the sky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Parallel: Georgian genitive in -&amp;#039;&amp;#039;is/-s&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; Turkish genitive in -&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ın/-in&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Adjective placement ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Adjectives follow the noun they modify in predicative and attributive use:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drovan dovan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;earth empty&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;the empty earth&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozar meqan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;light good&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;good light&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;ezan k&amp;#039;arzon&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;sky great&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;the great sky&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Subordinate clauses ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That-clauses are introduced by the complementiser &amp;#039;&amp;#039;mak-kel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (literally &amp;quot;this-that&amp;quot;), placed before the embedded clause. The embedded clause retains full SOV order.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;van gloqvash mak-kel ghozar meqan zhoqvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;quot;I saw that-COMP light good was&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;I saw that the light was good&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drev k&amp;#039;evalts mak-kel dravak vel&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;quot;he feared that-COMP forest large&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;he feared that the forest was large&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Parallel: Georgian &amp;#039;&amp;#039;rom&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; English &amp;#039;&amp;#039;that&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pronouns ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Personal pronouns established to date:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Person !! Singular !! Plural&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1st || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;van&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vanel&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2nd || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zanel&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 3rd || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drev&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drevel&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Interrogative pronouns:&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;al&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — who&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;et&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — what&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;esh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — where (locative)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;ezh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — when (temporal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Postpositions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Key postpositions established:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Postposition !! Meaning !! Example&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-shan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || at / in / on (locative) || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zhoqmits-shan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;at the first moment&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;in the beginning&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || above / over || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;noshak drel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;darkness above&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vom&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || under / below || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;ashel vom&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;under the leaf&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || towards / beyond || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zarekzel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;across the river&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;ez&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || from (ablative) || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;noshak k&amp;#039;ez&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;from the darkness&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || with (comitative) || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;nakvel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;with a companion&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Conjunctions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Conjunction !! Meaning&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;va&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || and&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;va2&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || or&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dova&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || but / however&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;en&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || because&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;shozh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || if (conditional)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zhoqeva&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || while / as (temporal)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;enzel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || so that (purposive)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Negation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Negation is expressed by the particle &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dova&amp;#039;&amp;#039; before the verb:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;van dova gloqval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;I not see&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;I do not see&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drovan dova zhoqal&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;earth not exists&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;the earth does not exist&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The privative prefix &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dova-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is also used in nominal and adjectival formation:&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dova-zelak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;not-shaped&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;formless&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dovazan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;not-straight&amp;quot; → &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dishonest&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Lexicon ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Size and structure ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Zarevka lexicon currently contains &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;763 entries&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; organised across the following part-of-speech categories:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Category !! Count (approximate)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Nouns || ~340&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Verbs || ~220&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Adjectives || ~130&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Adverbs || ~35&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Pronouns / determiners || ~20&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Conjunctions / prepositions / particles || ~18&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Numerals || ~20&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Etymology ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All Zarevka vocabulary is tagged with one of five etymology codes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Code !! Meaning !! Example&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [G] || Georgian-inspired root || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zareval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (to speak) ← cf. Georgian &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zareba&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [Ch] || Chechen-inspired root || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;shavan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (ear) ← cf. Chechen &amp;#039;&amp;#039;lerg&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [Ab] || Abkhaz-inspired root || (minor influence; phonological patterns)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [I] || Intra-etymological (derived from existing Zarevka roots) || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zarevka&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ← &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zar-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; + &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-evka&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [O] || Original (no external model) || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozar&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (light/radiance)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The majority of the extended vocabulary beyond the Swadesh core is intra-etymological ([I]), built through systematic compounding and suffixation of a small set of documented roots. This gives the lexicon strong internal coherence — a learner who knows the roots can often reconstruct or predict a word&amp;#039;s meaning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Core roots ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A small set of roots recurs throughout the lexicon:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Root !! Core meaning !! Derivatives (selected)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zar-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || voice, sound, speech || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zareval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (to speak), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zarevka&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (the language), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zarevelak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (speaking place), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zar&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (inspiration)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;ar-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || hand, stone || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;arval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (to cut), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;arvel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (stone/rock), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;arzon&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (big/great), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;velk&amp;#039;ar&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (finger)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drev-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || high place, height || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drevak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (mountain), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drevak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (the people), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drevval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (to breathe), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drevak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (courage)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gho-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || sun, radiance || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (sun/gold), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozar&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (light), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghovelshan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (summer)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;nosh-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || dark, night || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;noshak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (darkness), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;noshvanek&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (evening), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;noshzan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (night/dark age)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vel-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || many, abundance || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;velak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (full/plentiful), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vanel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (we), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;velzarevka&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (wisdom, lit. &amp;quot;many-voiced domain&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;mits-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || one, small, first || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;mitsak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (small), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;mitsakel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (first), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;mitszan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (rarely), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zhoqmits&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (beginning)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vom-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || beneath, below || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vomak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (cave), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vomval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (to descend), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vomakvel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (the deep)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;meq-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || good || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;meqan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (good adj.), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;meqak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (joy), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;meqzak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (awe/sacred), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;meqval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (to recover)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dova-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || not, negation || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dovan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (empty), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dovazel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (falsehood), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dova-zelak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (formless)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Swadesh list ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zarevka has been systematically developed against the [[Swadesh list|Swadesh 207-word list]]. All 207 concepts are covered in the lexicon. Selected entries:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! English !! Zarevka !! IPA (approx.) !! Etymology&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| I / me || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;van&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /van/ || [G]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| water || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;shotsan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈʃot.san/ || [G]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| fire || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;varash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈva.raʃ/ || [G]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| stone || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;ar&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /k&amp;#039;ar/ || [I]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| earth || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drovan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈdro.van/ || [G]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| sky || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;ezan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈk&amp;#039;e.zan/ || [O]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| mountain || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drevak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈdre.vak/ || [I]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| river || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zarek&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈza.rek/ || [I]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| to speak || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zareval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈza.re.val/ || [I]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| to see || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gloqval&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈgloq.val/ || [I]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| good || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;meqan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈme.qan/ || [G]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| big || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;arzon&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈk&amp;#039;ar.zon/ || [O]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| one || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;mits&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /mits/ || [G]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| sun || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈɣo.zan/ || [I]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| night || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;noshak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || /ˈno.ʃak/ || [I]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sample text: Genesis 1:1–5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following is a translation of the opening of Genesis, used as the primary text for developing Zarevka&amp;#039;s grammar. It is the first extended text produced in the language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Text ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Verse !! Zarevka !! English gloss&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1:1&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zhoqmits-shan ghozan-vel k&amp;#039;ezan-vel va drovan k&amp;#039;arzvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| In the beginning, the divine made the skies and the earth.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1:2&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;drovan dova-zelak va dovan zhoqvash va noshak vomak-vel-zan tsomek-zan drel zhoqvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| The earth was formless and empty, and darkness was above the surface of the deep.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1:3&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozan-vel zarevash: ghozar zhoq-ak — va ghozar zhoqvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| The divine spoke: let light exist — and light existed.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1:4&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozan-vel gloqvash mak-kel ghozar meqan zhoqvash — va ghozar noshak k&amp;#039;ez velkvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| The divine saw that the light was good — and separated the light from the darkness.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1:5&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozan-vel ghozar shotszan zarevash va noshak noshvanek zarevash — va noshvanek zhoqvash va shotszan zhoqvash — mitsakel shotszan&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| The divine named the light &amp;quot;day&amp;quot; and the darkness &amp;quot;night&amp;quot; — and there was evening and there was morning — the first day.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Grammatical notes on the text ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Several grammatical features are illustrated in this passage:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;SOV order&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozan-vel drovan k&amp;#039;arzvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (divine earth made)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Copula drop&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: omitted in equational present; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zhoqvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; retained in past&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Genitive -zan&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vomak-vel-zan tsomek&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (surface of the deep)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jussive -ak&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozar zhoq-ak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (let there be light)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Complementiser mak-kel&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gloqvash mak-kel ghozar meqan zhoqvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (saw that the light was good)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Privative dova-&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dova-zelak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (formless, lit. &amp;quot;not-shaped&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ablative k&amp;#039;ez&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;noshak k&amp;#039;ez velkvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (separated from the darkness)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Locative -shan&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zhoqmits-shan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (in the beginning)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Vocabulary coined for the Genesis translation ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following words were coined during the translation process and are now part of the established lexicon:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Zarevka !! Meaning !! Etymology&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozan-vel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || the divine / God || [I] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gho-zan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (sun-spirit) + &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (collective) — the sum of sky and voice&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zhoqmits&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || the beginning / origin || [I] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zhoq&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (present-moment) + &amp;#039;&amp;#039;mits&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (first)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ghozar&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || light / radiance || [I] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gho&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (sun) + &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zar&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (voice/emanation)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dova-zelak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || formless || [I] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;dova&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (not) + &amp;#039;&amp;#039;zelak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (shaped/straight)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;noshak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || darkness || [I] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;nosh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (dark) + &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ak&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (noun realiser)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;#039;&amp;#039;velkvash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || separated (past) || [I] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;velk&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (to split) + &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vash&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (past tense suffix)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Linguifex:Conlang|Conlangs on Linguifex]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[w:Georgian language|Georgian language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[w:Caucasian language area|Caucasian language area]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[w:Ejective consonant|Ejective consonant]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[w:Abugida|Abugida]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[w:Swadesh list|Swadesh list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Notes ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* PolyGlot dictionary file available on request from [[User:Sush1BS|Sush1BS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* TrueType font (Zarevka-Regular.ttf) available on request from [[User:Sush1BS|Sush1do]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conlangs]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conlangs by Sush1do]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:SOV languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Languages with ejectives]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Abugida scripts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Fictional languages]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Sush1BS</name></author>
	</entry>
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