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Grekelin: Difference between revisions
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<small>'' * Although it only appears in Hungarian or German loanwords, it is often written down using "ö", so people that write the language consider it a native sound. It is considered more of a marginal phoneme.'' </small> | <small>'' * Although it only appears in Hungarian or German loanwords, it is often written down using "ö", so people that write the language consider it a native sound. It is considered more of a marginal phoneme.'' </small> | ||
Grekelin palatalizes (ʲ) many consonants that would otherwise use a palatal version of themselves. When a fricative is followed by /i/, /e/ or /ø/, the preceding consonant becomes its palatal allophone, referred in Grekelin as "lowering" (katizma) | Grekelin palatalizes (ʲ) many consonants that would otherwise use a palatal version of themselves. When a fricative is followed by /i/, /e/ or /ø/, the preceding consonant becomes its palatal allophone, referred in Grekelin as "lowering" (katizma). Palatalization is not a contrastive or grammatical feature, but only a feature of the Grekelin accent. | ||
Although Grekelin does have diphthongs, they appear rarely and usually merge into one vowel when realized. Most of these diphthongs are '''not''' inherited from Greek directly, but developed on their own over the centuries. | Although Grekelin does have diphthongs, they appear rarely and usually merge into one vowel when realized. Most of these diphthongs are '''not''' inherited from Greek directly, but developed on their own over the centuries. | ||
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! colspan="4" | Digraphs in Grekelin orthography | ! colspan="4" | Digraphs in Grekelin orthography | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ei (/ji/) || cs - /t͡ɕ/~/t͡ʃ/ || zs - /ʑ/ || sz - /ɕ/) | ||
|} | |} | ||
</center> | </center> | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
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==Dialects== | ==Dialects== | ||
Grekelin | While [[Old Grekelin]] was evolving into the modern Grekelin language, regional, social and stratum factors were influencing Grekelin in many degrees. Old Grekelin had 4 dialects: The Western-Vienna, the Danubian, the Southern and the Savvian dialect. No descendants exist of the first and the last dialects, although the former provided some loanwords to Grekelin and made it to the 19th century. For the sake of history all three dialects will be mentioned in this section. | ||
===Danubian=== | |||
The Danubian dialect is the one spoken in southern Hungary and the base of the standard literary language. It shares most of the Grekelin speakers and it's the one used in education and formal speech. It developed out of homonymous Old Grekelin dialect, having split from the Southern (Slavic) dialect around the 13th century. | |||
===Slavic Dialects=== | |||
The Slavic dialects are split into two subgroups: Northern and Southern. The two are not shared by genetic relationship as the Northern branch split from a blend of Danubian and Slavic speakers during the Industrial Revolution and the subsequent immigration. The northern branch is going extinct today, and can be characterized by a heavy Czech/Slovak influence. The Southern branch on the other hand is thriving south of the Danubian dialect, being an official language of Vojvodina. | |||
====Northern Branch==== | |||
The northern branch has evolved /o/ to /ɔ/ and /y/ to /ɨ/. It also uses an alveolar trill as the main rhotic instead of the southern branch's tap. It also merged weak and strong verb classes into one, similar to Western Grekelin. | |||
=== | ====Southern Branch==== | ||
The | The southern branch is close to the Danubian dialect, largely because the two have constantly been at contact. The most prominent feature is the iotation of word-initial vowels (Danubian dialects also contain this feature, but only for the /e u/ vowels) and the lack of aspiration for consonants before /y/. | ||
The | ===Western Dialect=== | ||
The Western dialect went extinct in the 19th century. It was an evolution of [[Old Grekelin]]'s Western dialect, itself having split from Danubian Grekelin around the 16th century. When the two dialects reentered linguistic contact after the siege of Vienna, many German loanwords entered through it the Danubian dialect. It went extinct eventually as its speakers either switched to German/Hungarian or adopted the Danubian dialect instead. | |||
The most interesting sound change to occur in Western Grekelin was the reduction of plain /a/ to /æ/ and later /ə/ when unstressed. Some subdialects further reduced /o/ to /ɒ/ and then /ɐ/ although that change was only limited to a small area. Apart from those, very little divergence existed from the Danubian Grekelin; Most speakers didn't realize they spoke different dialects without extensive exposure to each other's speech. This is mostly attributed to Western Grekelin becoming a very isolated dialect with little outside influence, mostly limited to trade. | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||