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Vinnish: Difference between revisions
→Phonology
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|Olaf (male name) | |Olaf (male name) | ||
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===Common Phonological Processes in Vinnish=== | |||
==== Elision ==== | |||
Certain letters in Vinnish are subject to elision when inflectional endings follow them. In particular, -en, -er, and -el are prone to this sort of change: | |||
* krist'''en''' > krist'''ne''' | |||
* komb'''el''' > komb'''li''' | |||
* mað'''er''' > mað'''ren''' | |||
In multisyllabic adjective stems, this is particularly prominent. | |||
==== Vowel Assimilation ==== | |||
Often, two vowels that are adjacent to each other will undergo elision, with the “double” vowel merging into the first vowel. | |||
* hå-'''ar''' -> h'''år''' | |||
* hå-'''a''' -> h'''å''' | |||
* tru-'''em''' -> tru'''m''' | |||
==== R-Assimilation ==== | |||
In addition, the -er suffix is prone to being dropped when added to stems that end in -l, -n, -r, -s, and -x. This is due to it being a word-final “-r” in Old Norse which would assimilate to one of the aforementioned consonants. | |||
* far + er > fa'''r''' | |||
* mikel + er > mike'''l''' | |||
* vinlos + er > vinlo'''s''' | |||
* gryn + er > gry'''n''' | |||
This also shows up with the genitive plural adjectival suffix, -re, which will assimilate by doubling the stem consonant that comes before it: | |||
* far + re > fa'''rre''' | |||
* vinlos + re > vinlo'''sse''' | |||
* gryn + re > gry'''nne''' | |||
==== U-Umlaut ==== | |||
U-umlaut in Vinnish is fairly simple: certain suffixes and grammatical endings trigger u-umlaut, which only surfaces in the vowel “a” earlier on in the word. This change causes the vowel “a” to become “å” instead. | |||
* sk'''a'''p- > sk'''å'''pem | |||
* b'''a'''rn > b'''å'''rn | |||
In syllables whose stem vowel is not “a”, this change does not visibly surface. | |||
* m'''æ'''l- > m'''æ'''lem | |||
* sk'''i'''p > sk'''i'''p | |||
In multisyllabic words (often verbs) that undergo u-umlaut, generally the stressed “a” will mutate to “å” while the remaining “a” vowels until the ending will mutate to “e”. | |||
Throughout this document, the shorthand (+u) will be used to denote the triggering of u-umlaut. | |||
==== I-Umlaut ==== | |||
I-Umlaut is a somewhat more complicated process: It affects many more vowels than u-umlaut does, and as such, each pattern needs to be memorized separately. Note that also in some cases, one vowel can have multiple realizations after i-umlaut for etymological reasons relating to Old Norse. In these cases, I try to list the most common realization first and the less common ones last. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|'''Vowel''' | |||
|'''I-Umlauted''' | |||
|- | |||
|a, ja | |||
|e | |||
|- | |||
|au, o | |||
|ø | |||
|- | |||
|vå | |||
|jø | |||
|- | |||
|å | |||
|æ, ø | |||
|- | |||
|u, ø, ju, jø, o | |||
|y | |||
|} | |||
Throughout this document, the shorthand (+i) will be used to denote the triggering of i-umlaut. | |||
==== Dental Assimilation ==== | |||
When a suffix beginning in a dental sound follows another dental, some assimilation takes place between the two sounds. | |||
* ð + d > dd, d word-finally | |||
** fy'''ð'''- + -de > fy'''dd'''e | |||
* ð + t > tt, t word-finally | |||
** rau'''ð'''- + t > rau'''t''' | |||
* ð + t > st word-finally (more in verbs) | |||
** ba'''ð'''- + t > ba'''st''' | |||
* t + t > tt, t word-finally | |||
** fla'''t'''- + t > fla'''t''' | |||
* t + t > st word-finally (more in verbs) | |||
** gal'''t'''- + t > gal'''st''' | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||