1,075
edits
Luthic: Difference between revisions
m
→Notes
Lëtzelúcia (talk | contribs) m (→Lenition) |
Lëtzelúcia (talk | contribs) m (→Notes) |
||
| (7 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 83: | Line 83: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The Luthic [[w:Philology|philologist]] | The Luthic [[w:Philology|philologist]] Aþalphonsu Silva divided the history of Luthic into a period from 500 AD to 1740 to be “Mediaeval Luthic”, which he subdivided into “Gothic Luthic” (500–1100), “Mediaeval Luthic” (1100–1600) and “late Mediaeval Luthic” (1600–1740). | ||
An additional period was later created by Lucia Giamane, from ''c.'' 325 AD to 500 AD to be called “Proto-Luthic”, which she believes to be an [[w:Vulgar Latin|Vulgar Latin]] [[w:Ethnolect|ethnolect]], spoken by the early Goths during its period of co-existence with the Roman Empire, no written records from such an early period survive, and if any ever existed, it was fully lost during the [[w:Gothic War (376–382)|Gothic War (376–382)]] and during the [[w:Sack of Rome (410)|Sack of Rome (410)]]. Proto-Luthic ultimately is the result of the [[w:Romano-Germanic culture|Romano-Germanic culture]]. | An additional period was later created by Lucia Giamane, from ''c.'' 325 AD to 500 AD to be called “Proto-Luthic”, which she believes to be an [[w:Vulgar Latin|Vulgar Latin]] [[w:Ethnolect|ethnolect]], spoken by the early Goths during its period of co-existence with the Roman Empire, no written records from such an early period survive, and if any ever existed, it was fully lost during the [[w:Gothic War (376–382)|Gothic War (376–382)]] and during the [[w:Sack of Rome (410)|Sack of Rome (410)]]. Proto-Luthic ultimately is the result of the [[w:Romano-Germanic culture|Romano-Germanic culture]]. | ||
| Line 506: | Line 506: | ||
** /ŋ/ has a labio-velar allophone [[w:Labialization|[ŋʷ]]] before labio-velar plosives. | ** /ŋ/ has a labio-velar allophone [[w:Labialization|[ŋʷ]]] before labio-velar plosives. | ||
*** [ŋʷ] may be further palatalised to a palato-labialised velar nasal [ŋᶣ] before /i, e, ɛ, j/. | *** [ŋʷ] may be further palatalised to a palato-labialised velar nasal [ŋᶣ] before /i, e, ɛ, j/. | ||
** /ŋ/ is pre-velar [[w:Voiced_palatal_nasal#Post-palatal|[ŋ˖]]] before | ** /ŋ/ is pre-velar [[w:Voiced_palatal_nasal#Post-palatal|[ŋ˖]]] before [[w:Voiceless_velar_plosive#cite_note-1|[k̟, ɡ̟]]]. | ||
** /ŋ/ is post-velar [[w:Voiced uvular nasal|[ŋ˗]]] before | ** /ŋ/ is post-velar [[w:Voiced uvular nasal|[ŋ˗]]] before [[w:Voiceless_velar_plosive#cite_ref-2|[k̠, ɡ˗]]], it may also be described as an uvular [[w:Voiced uvular nasal|[ɴ]]]. | ||
* '''Plosives:''' | * '''Plosives:''' | ||
| Line 637: | Line 637: | ||
=====Lenition===== | =====Lenition===== | ||
The Gotho-Romance family suffered very few lenitions, but in most cases the stops /p t k/ are lenited to /b d ɡ/ if not in onset position, before or after a sonorant or in intervocalic position as a geminate. A similar process happens with /b/ that is lenited to /v~β/ in the same conditions. The unstressed labio-velar /kʷ/ delabialises before hard vowels, as in: | The Gotho-Romance family suffered very few lenitions, but in most cases the stops /p t k/ are lenited to /b d ɡ/ if not in onset position, before or after a sonorant or in intervocalic position as a geminate. A similar process happens with /b/ that is lenited to /v ~ β/ in the same conditions. The unstressed labio-velar /kʷ/ delabialises before hard vowels, as in: | ||
* Gothic ''ƕan'' [ʍan] > *[kʷɐn] > Luthic ''can'' [kɐn]. | * Gothic ''ƕan'' [ʍan] > *[kʷɐn] > Luthic ''can'' [kɐn]. | ||
| Line 651: | Line 651: | ||
=====Fortition===== | =====Fortition===== | ||
In every case, /j/ and /w/ are fortified to /d͡ʒ/ and /β/, except when triggered by hiatus collapse. The Germanic /ð/ and /xʷ ~ hʷ ~ ʍ/ are also fortified to /d/ and /kʷ/ in every position; which can be further lenited to /d͡z/ and /k ~ t͡ʃ/ in the environments given above. The Germanic /h ~ x/ is fortified to /k/ before a rhotic or a lateral, as in: | In every case, /j/ and /w/ are fortified to /d͡ʒ/ and /v ~ β/, except when triggered by hiatus collapse. The Germanic /ð/ and /xʷ ~ hʷ ~ ʍ/ are also fortified to /d/ and /kʷ/ in every position; which can be further lenited to /d͡z/ and /k ~ t͡ʃ/ in the environments given above. The Germanic /h ~ x/ is fortified to /k/ before a rhotic or a lateral, as in: | ||
* Gothic ''hlaifs'' [ˈhlɛːɸs] > Luthic ''claefu'' [ˈklɛ.ɸu]. | * Gothic ''hlaifs'' [ˈhlɛːɸs] > Luthic ''claefu'' [ˈklɛ.ɸu]. | ||
| Line 683: | Line 683: | ||
|+ '''Onset''' | |+ '''Onset''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| f~ɸ v~β p b t d k ɡ || r || j w | | f ~ ɸ v ~ β p b t d k ɡ || r || j w | ||
|- | |- | ||
| s || p k || r l | | s || p k || r l | ||
|- | |- | ||
| s || f~ɸ t || r | | s || f ~ ɸ t || r | ||
|- | |- | ||
| z || b || l | | z || b || l | ||
| Line 693: | Line 693: | ||
| z || d ɡ || r | | z || d ɡ || r | ||
|- | |- | ||
| z || m n v~β d͡ʒ r l || — | | z || m n v ~ β d͡ʒ r l || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| p b f~ɸ v~β k ɡ || r l || — | | p b f ~ ɸ v ~ β k ɡ || r l || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ɡ || n l || — | | ɡ || n l || — | ||
| Line 701: | Line 701: | ||
| p t k d || r || — | | p t k d || r || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| θ ð || v~β r || — | | θ ð || v ~ β r || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| t || v~β || — | | t || v ~ β || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kʷ ɡʷ t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʃ r ɲ l ʎ || — || — | | kʷ ɡʷ t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʃ r ɲ l ʎ || — || — | ||
| Line 710: | Line 710: | ||
'''CC''' | '''CC''' | ||
* /s/ + any voiceless stop or /f~ɸ/; | * /s/ + any voiceless stop or /f ~ ɸ/; | ||
* /z/ + any voiced stop, /v~β d͡ʒ m n l r/; | * /z/ + any voiced stop, /v ~ β d͡ʒ m n l r/; | ||
* /f~ɸ v~β/, or any stop + /r/; | * /f ~ ɸ v ~ β/, or any stop + /r/; | ||
* /f~ɸ v~β/, or any stop except /t d/ + /l/; | * /f ~ ɸ v ~ β/, or any stop except /t d/ + /l/; | ||
* f~ɸ v~β s z/, or any stop or nasal + /j w/; | * f ~ ɸ v ~ β s z/, or any stop or nasal + /j w/; | ||
* In Graeco-Roman words origin which are only partially assimilated, other combinations such as /pn/ (e.g. ''pneumaticu''), /mn/ (e.g. ''mnemonicu''), /tm/ (e.g. ''tmesi''), and /ps/ (e.g. ''pseudo-'') occur. | * In Graeco-Roman words origin which are only partially assimilated, other combinations such as /pn/ (e.g. ''pneumaticu''), /mn/ (e.g. ''mnemonicu''), /tm/ (e.g. ''tmesi''), and /ps/ (e.g. ''pseudo-'') occur. | ||
| Line 721: | Line 721: | ||
'''CCC''' | '''CCC''' | ||
* /s/ + voiceless stop or /f~ɸ/ + /r/; | * /s/ + voiceless stop or /f ~ ɸ/ + /r/; | ||
* /z/ + voiced stop + /r/; | * /z/ + voiced stop + /r/; | ||
* /s/ + /p k/ + /l/; | * /s/ + /p k/ + /l/; | ||
* /z/ + /b/ + /l/; | * /z/ + /b/ + /l/; | ||
* /f~ɸ v~β/ or any stop + /r/ + /j w/. | * /f ~ ɸ v ~ β/ or any stop + /r/ + /j w/. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
| Line 5,062: | Line 5,062: | ||
===Upper Luthic=== | ===Upper Luthic=== | ||
* '''Bilabial and labiodental merging:''' /ɸ/ and /β/ are merged with /f/ and /v/, a common feature among Luthic dialects. | |||
* '''Thorn fortition:''' /θ/ and /ð/ are fortified to /t/ and /d/ in every position: | * '''Thorn fortition:''' /θ/ and /ð/ are fortified to /t/ and /d/ in every position: | ||
:* ''þû'' [ˈθu] > ''tû'' [tu]; | :* ''þû'' [ˈθu] > ''tû'' [tu]; | ||
| Line 5,136: | Line 5,138: | ||
* '''Standard Luthic narrow transcription''' | * '''Standard Luthic narrow transcription''' | ||
[ˈfa.ðɐr ˈũ.sɐr | ˈθu eˈme.no | [ˈfa.ðɐr ˈũ.sɐr | ˈθu eˈme.no | ||
ˈvi.ðɐ lɐ.θɐ ˈnam.no ˈθi.no | |||
lɐ θjuˌða.nɐˈɡar.dɐ ˈθi.nɐ ˈkᶣe.miθ | lɐ θjuˌða.nɐˈɡar.dɐ ˈθi.nɐ ˈkᶣe.miθ | ||
lo | lo veʎˈʎa.no ˈθi.no ˈtɔ.d͡ʒɐθ | ||
zvɐ.zve eˈme.no e‿ðɐ.nɐ ˈɛr.θɐ | |||
il ˈklɛ.ɸu kʷo.θiˈdja.nu ˈũ.sɐr d͡ʒeˈβa ũ.se ˈɔd.d͡ʒi | il ˈklɛ.ɸu kʷo.θiˈdja.nu ˈũ.sɐr d͡ʒeˈβa ũ.se ˈɔd.d͡ʒi | ||
e‿ðɐ.ɸleˈta lɐs ˈũ.sɐ.rɐs ˈkol.pɐs | e‿ðɐ.ɸleˈta lɐs ˈũ.sɐ.rɐs ˈkol.pɐs | ||
zvɐ.zve ɐ.ɸleˈta.mo‿θθos ˈi | kolˈpɐ̃.no ũ.sis | |||
e non leˈta.re ũ.se in ten.tɐtˈt͡sjo.ne | e non leˈta.re ũ.se in ten.tɐtˈt͡sjo.ne | ||
ɐ‿ffrjeˈɔ ũ.se da ˈma.la | ɐ‿ffrjeˈɔ ũ.se da ˈma.la | ||
| Line 6,527: | Line 6,529: | ||
| Sei <br >Non <br >Forse|| Yes <br >No <br >Maybe || [ˈsi] <br >[non] <br >[ˈfor.se] | | Sei <br >Non <br >Forse|| Yes <br >No <br >Maybe || [ˈsi] <br >[non] <br >[ˈfor.se] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ce pronuncias þata vaurdo? || How do you pronounce this word? || [t͡ʃe proˈnun.t͡ʃɐ‿ssɐ.θɐ | | Ce pronuncias þata vaurdo? || How do you pronounce this word? || [t͡ʃe proˈnun.t͡ʃɐ‿ssɐ.θɐ ˈvɔr.do] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ce rogiare [...] in Lûthico? || How to say [...] in Luthic? || [t͡ʃe roˈd͡ʒa.re ⸨...⸩ i‿lˈlu.tʰi.xo] | | Ce rogiare [...] in Lûthico? || How to say [...] in Luthic? || [t͡ʃe roˈd͡ʒa.re ⸨...⸩ i‿lˈlu.tʰi.xo] | ||
| Line 6,543: | Line 6,545: | ||
| Arrivederci || Goodbye || [ɐr.ri.βeˈder.t͡ʃi] | | Arrivederci || Goodbye || [ɐr.ri.βeˈder.t͡ʃi] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Buono viaggo || Bon voyage || [ˈbwɔ.no | | Buono viaggo || Bon voyage || [ˈbwɔ.no ˈvjad.d͡ʒo] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Buono appetito || Bon appetit || [ˈbwɔ.no ɐp.peˈti.θo] | | Buono appetito || Bon appetit || [ˈbwɔ.no ɐp.peˈti.θo] | ||