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Luthic: Difference between revisions
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Unstressed a resulted in a slightly raised a [ɐ]. In hiatus, unstressed front vowels become /j/, while unstressed back vowels become /w/. Unlike other Romance languages, the Luthic vowel system was not so affected by [[w:Metaphony|metaphony]], such as /e/ raising to /i/ or /ɛ/ raising to /e/: | Unstressed a resulted in a slightly raised a [ɐ]. In hiatus, unstressed front vowels become /j/, while unstressed back vowels become /w/. Unlike other Romance languages, the Luthic vowel system was not so affected by [[w:Metaphony|metaphony]], such as /e/ raising to /i/ or /ɛ/ raising to /e/: | ||
* Latin ''vī̆ndēmia'' [u̯i(ː)n̪.ˈd̪eː.mi.ä] > Vulgar Latin *[benˈde.mja] > Spanish [bẽn̪ˈd̪i.mja], but the Luthic cognate ''vendemia'' [venˈde.mjɐ] | * Latin [[wikt:vindemia#Latin|''vī̆ndēmia'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[u̯i(ː)n̪.ˈd̪eː.mi.ä]]] > Vulgar Latin *[[w:Proto-Romance_language#Phonology|[benˈde.mja]]] > Spanish [[wikt:vendimia#Spanish|''vendimia'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:es|[bẽn̪ˈd̪i.mja]]], but the Luthic cognate ''vendemia'' [[IPA for Luthic|[venˈde.mjɐ]]] | ||
In addition to monophthongs, Luthic has diphthongs, which, however, are both phonemically and phonetically simply combinations of the other vowels. None of the diphthongs are, however, considered to have distinct phonemic status since their constituents do not behave differently from how they occur in isolation, unlike the diphthongs in other languages like English and German. Grammatical tradition distinguishes “falling” from “rising” diphthongs, but since rising diphthongs are composed of one semiconsonantal sound [j] or [w] and one vowel sound, they are not actually diphthongs. The practice of referring to them as “diphthongs” has been criticised by phoneticians like Alareicu Villavolfu. | In addition to monophthongs, Luthic has diphthongs, which, however, are both phonemically and phonetically simply combinations of the other vowels. None of the diphthongs are, however, considered to have distinct phonemic status since their constituents do not behave differently from how they occur in isolation, unlike the diphthongs in other languages like English and German. Grammatical tradition distinguishes “falling” from “rising” diphthongs, but since rising diphthongs are composed of one semiconsonantal sound [j] or [w] and one vowel sound, they are not actually diphthongs. The practice of referring to them as “diphthongs” has been criticised by phoneticians like Alareicu Villavolfu. | ||
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Clusters such as -p.t- -k.t- -x.t- are always smoothed to -t.t-. | Clusters such as -p.t- -k.t- -x.t- are always smoothed to -t.t-. | ||
* Latin ''aptus'' [ˈäp.t̪us̠ ~ ˈäp.t̪ʊs̠] > Luthic ''attu'' [ˈat.tu] | * Latin [[wikt:aptus#Latin|''aptus'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[ˈäp.t̪us̠ ~ ˈäp.t̪ʊs̠]]] > Luthic ''attu'' [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈat.tu]]] | ||
* Latin ''āctuālis'' [äːk.t̪uˈäː.lʲis̠ ~ äːk.t̪uˈäː.lʲɪs̠] > Luthic ''attuale'' [ɐtˈtwa.le] | * Latin [[wikt:actualis#Latin|''āctuālis'']] [[wikt:AP:pron:la|[äːk.t̪uˈäː.lʲis̠ ~ äːk.t̪uˈäː.lʲɪs̠]]] > Luthic ''attuale'' [[IPA for Luthic|[ɐtˈtwa.le]]] | ||
* Gothic ''ahtau'' [ˈax.tɔː] > Luthic ''attau'' [ˈat.tɔ] | * Gothic [[wikt:𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿#Gothic|𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿]] (''ahtau'') [[wikt:AP:pron:got|[ˈax.tɔː]]] > Luthic ''attau'' [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈat.tɔ]]] | ||
* Gothic ''nahts'' [naxts] > Luthic ''nattu'' [ˈnat.tu] | * Gothic [[wikt:𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃#Gothic|𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃]] (''nahts'') [[wikt:AP:pron:got|[naxts]]] > Luthic ''nattu'' [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈnat.tu]]] | ||
This is also valid for other CC clusters with similar [[w:Manner of articulation|manner]] or [[w:Place of articulation|place]]. | This is also valid for other CC clusters with similar [[w:Manner of articulation|manner]] or [[w:Place of articulation|place]]. | ||
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Early evidence of palatalized pronunciations of /tj kj/ appears as early as the 2nd–3rd centuries AD in the form of spelling mistakes interchanging ⟨ti⟩ and ⟨ci⟩ before a following vowel, as in ⟨tribunitiae⟩ for tribuniciae. This is assumed to reflect the fronting of Latin /k/ in this environment to [c ~ t͡sʲ]. Palatalisation of the velar consonants /k/ and /ɡ/ occurred in certain environments, mostly involving front vowels; additional palatalisation is also found in dental consonants /t/, /d/, /l/ and /n/, however, these are often not palatalised in word initial environment. | Early evidence of palatalized pronunciations of /tj kj/ appears as early as the 2nd–3rd centuries AD in the form of spelling mistakes interchanging ⟨ti⟩ and ⟨ci⟩ before a following vowel, as in ⟨tribunitiae⟩ for tribuniciae. This is assumed to reflect the fronting of Latin /k/ in this environment to [c ~ t͡sʲ]. Palatalisation of the velar consonants /k/ and /ɡ/ occurred in certain environments, mostly involving front vowels; additional palatalisation is also found in dental consonants /t/, /d/, /l/ and /n/, however, these are often not palatalised in word initial environment. | ||
* Latin ''amīcus'' [äˈmiː.kus̠ ~ äˈmiː.kʊs̠], ''amīcī'' [äˈmiː.kiː] > Luthic ''amicu'' [ɐˈmi.xu], ''amici'' [ɐˈmi.t͡ʃi]. | * Latin [[wikt:amicus#Latin|''amīcus'']] [äˈmiː.kus̠ ~ äˈmiː.kʊs̠], [[wikt:amici#Latin|''amīcī'']] [äˈmiː.kiː] > Luthic ''amicu'' [ɐˈmi.xu], ''amici'' [ɐˈmi.t͡ʃi]. | ||
* Gothic ''giba'' [ˈɡiβa] > Luthic ''geva'' [ˈd͡ʒe.βɐ]. | * Gothic ''giba'' [ˈɡiβa] > Luthic ''geva'' [ˈd͡ʒe.βɐ]. | ||
* Latin ''ratiō'' [ˈrä.t̪i.oː] > Luthic ''razione'' [rɐˈd͡zjo.ne] | * Latin ''ratiō'' [ˈrä.t̪i.oː] > Luthic ''razione'' [rɐˈd͡zjo.ne] | ||