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Qasunattuuji: Difference between revisions
Declination table added (yet to be filled)
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns decline in eight different cases: absolutive, ergative, instrumental, allative, ablative, locative, perlative and similative. | Nouns decline in eight different cases: absolutive, ergative, instrumental, allative, ablative, locative, perlative and similative, and in number, for singular, dual and plural. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ '''Nouns''' | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! {{center|Singular}} | |||
! {{center|Dual}} | |||
! {{center|Plural}} | |||
|- | |||
| '''Absolutive''' | |||
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| '''Ergative''' | |||
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| '''Instrumental''' | |||
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| '''Allative''' | |||
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| '''Ablative''' | |||
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| '''Locative''' | |||
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| '''Perlative''' | |||
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| '''Similative''' | |||
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====Ergative==== | ====Ergative==== | ||
The ergative is used to mark the subject of a transitive sentence and to mark the genitive, specifically, marking the possessor of a possessed entity, except in sentences like "is my X", where the ergative falls in the pronoun. | The ergative is used to mark the subject of a transitive sentence and to mark the genitive, specifically, marking the possessor of a possessed entity, except in sentences like "is my X", where the ergative falls in the pronoun. | ||
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| colspan="8"| ''A mouse is smaller than a groundhog'' | | colspan="8"| ''A mouse is smaller than a groundhog'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Perlative==== | ====Perlative==== | ||
The perlative indicates the manner or the way of transportation and also marks the path and the subject of the conversation. | The perlative indicates the manner or the way of transportation and also marks the path and the subject of the conversation. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
<!-- Morphemes--> | <!-- Morphemes--> | ||
|<small>vip</small> | |<small>vip-</small> | ||
|<small>-tuni-</small> | |<small>-tuni-</small> | ||
|<small>-pisigik</small> | |<small>-pisigik</small> | ||
|<small>qayi</small> | |<small>qayi-</small> | ||
|<small>-pi</small> | |<small>-pi</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| colspan="8"| ''Are you talking {{blue|about the winter?}}'' | | colspan="8"| ''Are you talking {{blue|about the winter?}}'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Vocative==== | |||
The vocative shows the addressee, including the subject of an imperative sentence. It doesn't have its own suffix, but is marked by elongating the noun's last vowel (if it's short), and in the case of proper nouns, it's not marked orthographically. | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | |||
|+ | |||
<!-- Sentence --> | |||
| colspan="8"| '''miih'''—'''Miih!''' | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | |||
| colspan="8"| /miχ/ — /miːχ/ | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Morphemes--> | |||
|<small>mih-</small> | |||
|<small>-∅-</small> / | |||
|<small>miih</small> | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Gloss--> | |||
|mother | |||
| -{{sc|abs.sg}} / | |||
|mother | |||
| -{{sc|voc.sg}} | |||
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<!-- Translations --> | |||
| colspan="8"| ''Mother/Oh, mother'' | |||
|} | |||
====Derivation and structure==== | |||
The morpheme ''ti'' is suffixed to the verbs in order to indicate the agent: pi (hunt) → pi'''ji''' (hunter).<br> | |||
The suffix ''-maq'' transforms a verb into an instrument to do so: sayu (sew) → sayu'''maq''' (sewing machine).<br> | |||
The suffix ''-(ŋ)ilu'' indicates the diminutive: viin (woman) → vin'''ilu''' (ggirl).<br> | |||
The suffix ''-ppak'' creates a noun that in theory is bigger than the primitive: ixav (caribou) → ixa'''ppak''' (horse).<br> | |||
There are also suffixes for quantities, such as ''hayaat'' (many) or ''payaak'' (each). | |||
The maximum structure of nouns is:<br> | |||
{{Center|root-(derivational)-(inflecional)-(number and case)}}<br> | |||
Derivational can be an adjective or other derivational suffixes, such as the cited above, and inflectional can be an adverb that isn't a free morpheme. There can have several derivational or inflectional suffixes, but, only one nominal root per noun. | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||