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Qasunattuuji: Difference between revisions

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Qasunattuuji (view source)

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→‎Noun phrase: : added?
m (→‎Demonstrative pronouns: : filling labels)
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Division: yaka+ number in the ergative + number in the allative, e.g. yaka tajimixi tuvuhip tuvuujut (4 divided by 2 equals 2).<br>
Division: yaka+ number in the ergative + number in the allative, e.g. yaka tajimixi tuvuhip tuvuujut (4 divided by 2 equals 2).<br>
===Demonstrative adverbs===
===Demonstrative adverbs===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Demonstrative adverbs in the absolutive case
!
! colspan="2" |{{center|'''Visible'''}}
! rowspan="2" |{{center|'''Not visible'''}}
|-
|
|{{center|'''Restricted'''}}
|{{center|'''Extended'''}}
|-
|'''Proximal'''
|{{center|uvva}}
|{{center|majja}}
!
|-
|'''Distal (to the speaker), proximal (to the listener)'''
|{{center|taaja}}
!colspan="2"|
|-
|'''Distal (to the speaker and listener)'''
|{{center|iŋŋa}}
|{{center|avva}}
|{{center|amma}}
|-
|'''Up there'''
|{{center|pikka}}
|{{center|pagga}}
|{{center|paama}}
|-
|'''Down there'''
|{{center|kanna}}
|{{center|unna}}
|{{center|saana}}
|-
|'''In there'''
|{{center|kivva}}
|{{center|qavva}}
|{{center|qamma}}
|-
|'''Out there'''
|{{center|qigga}}
|{{center|qagga}}
|{{center|qaama}}
|-
|'''Near the door'''
|{{center|ugga}}
!colspan="2"|
|-
|'''Outside the door'''
!colspan="2"|
|{{center|saama}}
|-
|'''Across there'''
|{{center|ikka}}
|{{center|agga}}
|{{center|aama}}
|-
|'''Back there'''
|{{center|piŋŋa}}
|{{center|pavva}}
|{{center|pamma}}
|-
|'''Remote past'''
|{{center|imma}}
!colspan="2"|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Declination of some demonstrative adverbs
!
!Locative
!Allative
!Ablative
!Perlative
|-
|qaama <br> out there,not visible
|{{center|qaama-qi}}
|{{center|qaama-hi}}
|{{center|qaaama-hip}}
|{{center|qaama-pi}}
|-
|paama <br> out there, not visible, distal
|{{center|paama-qi}}
|{{center|paama-hi}}
|{{center|paama-hip}}
|{{center|paama-pi}}
|-
|kanna <br> down there
|{{center|kanna-qi}}
|{{center|kanna-hi}}
|{{center|kanna-hip}}
|{{center|kanna-pi}}
|-
|majja <br> around here, visible, extended, distal
|{{center|majja-qi}}
|{{center|majja-hi}}
|{{center|majja-hip}}
|{{center|majja-pi}}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Case stacking on demonstrative adverbs
!colspan="2"|amma 'over there (not visible, distal)'
|-
|amma-qi
|Locative
|-
|amma-qi-aŋa-qi
|Locative-aŋa-locative
|-
|amma-qi-aŋa-hi
|Locative-aŋa-allative
|-
|amma-qi-aŋa-hip
|Locative-aŋa-ablative
|-
|amma-qi-aŋa-pi
|Locative-aŋa-perlative
|-
|amma-hi
|Allative
|-
|amma-hi-hi
|Allative-allative
|-
|amma-hip
|Ablative
|-
|amma-pi
|Perlative
|}
===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
Line 772: Line 904:
|{{center|Iŋmisix}}
|{{center|Iŋmisix}}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Interrogative pronouns
! colspan="4" |{{center|kina (who?)}}
|-
|
|{{center|'''Singular'''}}
|{{center|'''Dual'''}}
|{{center|'''Plural'''}}
|-
|{{center|'''Absolutive'''}}
|{{center|kina}}
|{{center|kina-ju}}
|{{center|kina-mix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Ergative'''}}
|{{center|kina-hu}}
|{{center|kina-juh}}
|{{center|kina-mixi}}
|-
|{{center|'''Instrumental'''}}
|{{center|kina-k}}
|{{center|kina-juk}}
|{{center|kina-kix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Allative'''}}
|{{center|kina-hi}}
|{{center|kina-hit}}
|{{center|kina-him}}
|-
|{{center|'''Ablative'''}}
|{{center|kina-hip}}
|{{center|kina-hut}}
|{{center|kina-hum}}
|-
|{{center|'''Locative'''}}
|{{center|kina-qi}}
|{{center|kina-qu}}
|{{center|kina-qix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Perlative'''}}
|{{center|kina-pi}}
|{{center|kina-t}}
|{{center|kina-pix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Similative'''}}
|{{center|kina-si}}
|{{center|kina-sit}}
|{{center|kina-six}}
|-
! colspan="4" |{{center|pit (what?)}}
|-
|
|{{center|'''Singular'''}}
|{{center|'''Dual'''}}
|{{center|'''Plural'''}}
|-
|{{center|'''Absolutive'''}}
|{{center|pit}}
|{{center|pit-tu}}
|{{center|pij-ix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Ergative'''}}
|{{center|pi-hu}}
|{{center|pit-tuh}}
|{{center|pij-ixi}}
|-
|{{center|'''Instrumental'''}}
|{{center|pi-hak}}
|{{center|pi-kat}}
|{{center|pi-kix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Allative'''}}
|{{center|pi-hi}}
|{{center|pi-hit}}
|{{center|pi-him}}
|-
|{{center|'''Ablative'''}}
|{{center|pi-hahip}}
|{{center|pi-huut}}
|{{center|pi-hum}}
|-
|{{center|'''Locative'''}}
|{{center|pi-haqi}}
|{{center|pi-haq}}
|{{center|pi-qix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Perlative'''}}
|{{center|pi-hapi}}
|{{center|pij-it}}
|{{center|pi-pix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Similative'''}}
|{{center|pi-hasi}}
|{{center|pi-sit}}
|{{center|pi-six}}
|}
====Demonstrative pronouns====
====Demonstrative pronouns====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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!
!
! colspan="2" |{{center|'''Visible'''}}
! colspan="2" |{{center|'''Visible'''}}
! rowspan="2" |{{center|'''Non-visible'''}}
! rowspan="2" |{{center|'''Not visible'''}}
|-
|-
|
|
Line 784: Line 1,014:
|-
|-
|'''Proximal'''
|'''Proximal'''
|{{center|}}
|{{center|una}}
|{{center|}}
|{{center|manna}}
|{{center|}}
!
|-
|-
|'''Distal (to the speaker), proximal (to the listener)'''
|'''Distal (to the speaker), proximal (to the listener)'''
|{{center|}}
|{{center|taamana}}
|{{center|}}
!colspan="2"|
|{{center|}}
|-
|-
|'''Distal (to the speaker and listener)'''
|'''Distal (to the speaker and listener)'''
|{{center|}}
|{{center|iŋŋa}}
|{{center|}}
|colspan="2"|{{center|aana}}
|{{center|}}
|-
|-
|'''Up there'''
|'''Up there'''
|{{center|}}
|{{center|piiŋa}}
|{{center|}}
|{{center|paana}}
|{{center|}}
|{{center|pakiina}}
|-
|-
|'''Down there'''
|'''Down there'''
|{{center|}}
|{{center|kanna}}
|{{center|}}
|{{center|unna}}
|{{center|}}
|{{center|saana}}
|-
|-
|'''In there'''
|'''In there'''
|{{center|}}
|{{center|kiiŋa}}
|{{center|}}
|colspan="2"|{{center|qaana}}
|{{center|}}
|-
|-
|'''Out there'''
|'''Out there'''
|{{center|}}
|{{center|kiŋŋa}}
|{{center|}}
|{{center|qaŋna}}
|{{center|}}
|{{center|qakiina}}
|-
|-
|'''Near the door'''
|'''Near the door'''
|{{center|}}
|{{center|uuna}}
|{{center|}}
!colspan="2"|
|{{center|}}
|-
|-
|'''Outside the door'''
|'''Outside the door'''
|{{center|}}
!colspan="2"|
|{{center|}}
|{{center|sakiina}}
|{{center|}}
|-
|-
|'''Across there'''
|'''Across there'''
|{{center|}}
|{{center|iiŋa}}
|{{center|}}
|{{center|aaŋa}}
|{{center|}}
|{{center|akiina}}
|-
|-
|'''Back there'''
|'''Back there'''
|{{center|}}
|{{center|piŋŋa}}
|{{center|}}
|colspan="2"|{{center|paana}}
|{{center|}}
|-
|-
|'''Remote past'''
|'''Remote past'''
|{{center|}}
|{{center|iima}}
|{{center|}}
!colspan="2"|
|{{center|}}
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Declination of the demonstrative pronoun paana
!
!{{center|Singular}}
!{{center|Dual}}
!{{center|Plural}}
|-
|{{center|'''Absolutive'''}}
|{{center|paana}}
|{{center|paana-ju}}
|{{center|paana-mix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Ergative'''}}
|{{center|paana-hu}}
|{{center|paana-juh}}
|{{center|paana-mixi}}
|-
|{{center|'''Instrumental'''}}
|{{center|paana-k}}
|{{center|paana-juk}}
|{{center|paana-kix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Allative'''}}
|{{center|paana-hi}}
|{{center|paana-hit}}
|{{center|paana-him}}
|-
|{{center|'''Ablative'''}}
|{{center|paana-hip}}
|{{center|paana-hut}}
|{{center|paana-hum}}
|-
|{{center|'''Locative'''}}
|{{center|paana-qi}}
|{{center|paana-qu}}
|{{center|paana-qix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Perlative'''}}
|{{center|paana-pi}}
|{{center|paana-t}}
|{{center|paana-pix}}
|-
|{{center|'''Similative'''}}
|{{center|paana-si}}
|{{center|paana-sit}}
|{{center|paana-six}}
|-
|{{center|'''Vocative'''}}
|{{center|paanaa}}
!colspan="2"|
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Case stacking on demonstrative pronouns
!colspan="2"|aana 'that one over there (not visible, distal)'
|-
|aana
|Absolutive
|-
|aana-hu
|Ergative
|-
|aana-hu-qu
|Ergative-locative
|-
|aana-hu-hi
|Ergative-allative
|-
|aana-hu-hip
|Ergative-ablative
|-
|aana-hu-pi
|Ergative-perlative
|-
|aana-hu-si
|Ergative-similative
|-
|aana-hu-k
|Ergative-instrumental
|}
|}


===Conjunctions===
===Conjunctions===
aaŋa means “but”, asiiŋ and suli mean “and”, but asiiŋ is contrastive (that is, and, in contrast)
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
The basic word order is relatively free due to grammatical cases, but it's generally VSO.
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
If present, the possessor should come before the nucleus and if colors, numbers or quantifiers are used, they come before the nucleus.
===Verb phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
GJS
62

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