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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| | {| | ||
|+ Pairs of consonant realizations and their romanizations are presented. Some consonants are romanized differently depending on whether or not they are in the onset or coda of a syllable, these are presented as comma separated pairs. Those which are marginal are indicated with an asterisk. Tildes separate the multiple realizations of a given singular consonant phoneme.|- | |+ Pairs of consonant realizations and their romanizations are presented. Some consonants are romanized differently depending on whether or not they are in the onset or coda of a syllable, these are presented as comma separated pairs. Those which are marginal are indicated with an asterisk. Tildes separate the multiple realizations of a given singular consonant phoneme. | ||
!Manner↓ Place→ !!Bilabial !! Dental !! Lateral !! Alveolar !! Alveopalatal !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Labiovelar !! Uvular !! Glottal |- | |- | ||
! Voiceless Stop ||/p/ p* ||/t̪/ t || || || ||/ʈ/ th ||/c/ c ||/k/ k ||/k͡p/ kp ||/q/ q || |- | !Manner↓ Place→ !!Bilabial !! Dental !! Lateral !! Alveolar !! Alveopalatal !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Labiovelar !! Uvular !! Glottal | ||
! Voiced Stop ||/b/ b* ||/d̪/ d || || || ||/ɖ/ d̨ ||/ɟ/ j ||/g/ g ||/g͡b/ gb || || |- | |- | ||
! Breathy Stop ||/bʰ/ bh ||/d̪ʰ/ dh || || || ||/ɖʰ/ d̨h ||/ɟʰ/ jh ||/gʰ/ gh ||/g͡bʰ/ gbh || || |- | ! Voiceless Stop ||/p/ p* ||/t̪/ t || || || ||/ʈ/ th ||/c/ c ||/k/ k ||/k͡p/ kp ||/q/ q || | ||
! Ejective Stop || ||/t̪ʼ/ t' || || || ||/ʈʼ/ th' ||/cʼ/ c' ||/kʼ/ k' ||/k͡pʼ/ kp' ||/qʼ/ q' || |- | |- | ||
! Nasal Stop ||/m~n/ m,n|| || || || || || || || || || |- | ! Voiced Stop ||/b/ b* ||/d̪/ d || || || ||/ɖ/ d̨ ||/ɟ/ j ||/g/ g ||/g͡b/ gb || || | ||
! Voiceless Fricative||/f/ f ||/θ/ tj,t ||/ɬ/ ł ||/s/ s ||/ɕ/ sx ||/ʂ/ sh ||/ç/ ç,c ||/x/ x || || || |- | |- | ||
! Voiceless Affricate|| || ||/t͡ɬ/ tł ||/t͡s/ ts ||/t͡ɕ/ cx ||/ʈ͡ʂ/ ch || ||/ɣ/ gj,g || || || |- | ! Breathy Stop ||/bʰ/ bh ||/d̪ʰ/ dh || || || ||/ɖʰ/ d̨h ||/ɟʰ/ jh ||/gʰ/ gh ||/g͡bʰ/ gbh || || | ||
! Voiced Fricative ||/β/ w || | |- | ||
/ð/ dj,d ||/ɮ/ ɮ ||/z/ z ||/ʑ/ zx ||/ʐ/ z̨ ||/ʝ/ y || || || || /h/ h |- | ! Ejective Stop || ||/t̪ʼ/ t' || || || ||/ʈʼ/ th' ||/cʼ/ c' ||/kʼ/ k' ||/k͡pʼ/ kp' ||/qʼ/ q' || | ||
! Voiced Affricate || || ||/d͡l/ dl* ||/d͡z/ dz* ||/d͡ʑ/ jx ||/ɖ͡ʐ/ j̨ || || || || || |- | |- | ||
! Breathy Fricative ||/βʰ/ wh ||/ðʰ/ dhj,dh||/ɮʰ/ ɮʰ ||/zʰ/ zh ||/ʑʰ/ zxh ||/ʐʰ/ z̨h ||/ʝʰ/ yh || || || || |- | ! Nasal Stop ||/m~n/ m,n|| || || || || || || || || || | ||
! Breathy Affricate || || ||/d͡lʰ/ dlh*/||/d͡zʰ/ dzh*||/d͡ʑʰ/ jxh ||/ɖʐʰ/ j̨h || || || || || |- | |- | ||
! Ejective Affricate || ||/t̪͡θʼ/ tj' ||/t͡ɬʼ/ tł' ||/t͡sʼ/ ts' ||/t͡ɕʼ/ cx' ||/ʈ͡ʂʼ/ ch' || || || ||/qχʼ/ qx'|| |- | ! Voiceless Fricative||/f/ f ||/θ/ tj,t ||/ɬ/ ł ||/s/ s ||/ɕ/ sx ||/ʂ/ sh ||/ç/ ç,c ||/x/ x || || || | ||
! Velar Affricate ||/p͡x/ px || || || || ||/ʈ͡x/ thx || || || || || |- | |- | ||
! Velar EJective Affricate ||/pxʼ/ px' ||/t̪xʼ/ tx' || || || ||/ʈ͡xʼ/ thx' || ||/k͡xʼ/ kx' || || || |- | ! Voiceless Affricate|| || ||/t͡ɬ/ tł ||/t͡s/ ts ||/t͡ɕ/ cx ||/ʈ͡ʂ/ ch || ||/ɣ/ gj,g || || || | ||
! Approximant ||/w/ u || ||/l/ l || || || ||/j/ i || || ||/ʀ/ r || |- | |- | ||
! Voiced Fricative ||/β/ w ||/ð/ dj,d ||/ɮ/ ɮ ||/z/ z ||/ʑ/ zx ||/ʐ/ z̨ ||/ʝ/ y || || || || /h/ h | |||
|- | |||
! Voiced Affricate || || ||/d͡l/ dl* ||/d͡z/ dz* ||/d͡ʑ/ jx ||/ɖ͡ʐ/ j̨ || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
! Breathy Fricative ||/βʰ/ wh ||/ðʰ/ dhj,dh||/ɮʰ/ ɮʰ ||/zʰ/ zh ||/ʑʰ/ zxh ||/ʐʰ/ z̨h ||/ʝʰ/ yh || || || || | |||
|- | |||
! Breathy Affricate || || ||/d͡lʰ/ dlh*/||/d͡zʰ/ dzh*||/d͡ʑʰ/ jxh ||/ɖʐʰ/ j̨h || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
! Ejective Affricate || ||/t̪͡θʼ/ tj' ||/t͡ɬʼ/ tł' ||/t͡sʼ/ ts' ||/t͡ɕʼ/ cx' ||/ʈ͡ʂʼ/ ch' || || || ||/qχʼ/ qx'|| | |||
|- | |||
! Velar Affricate ||/p͡x/ px || || || || ||/ʈ͡x/ thx || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
! Velar EJective Affricate ||/pxʼ/ px' ||/t̪xʼ/ tx' || || || ||/ʈ͡xʼ/ thx' || ||/k͡xʼ/ kx' || || || | |||
|- | |||
! Approximant ||/w/ u || ||/l/ l || || || ||/j/ i || || ||/ʀ/ r || | |||
|- | |||
! Trill || || || || || || || || || || || | ! Trill || || || || || || || || || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| | {| | ||
|+ Pairs of consonant realizations and their romanizations are presented.|- | |+ Pairs of consonant realizations and their romanizations are presented. | ||
! Height↓ Backness→ !! Front !! Central !! Back |- | |- | ||
!Close ||/i/ i ||/ɨ/ į ||/u/ u |- | ! Height↓ Backness→ !! Front !! Central !! Back | ||
!Mid ||/e̞/ e ||/ə/ ą ||/o/ o |- | |- | ||
!Close ||/i/ i ||/ɨ/ į ||/u/ u | |||
|- | |||
!Mid ||/e̞/ e ||/ə/ ą ||/o/ o | |||
|- | |||
!Open ||/æ/ ę ||/ä/ a ||/ɒ/ ǫ | !Open ||/æ/ ę ||/ä/ a ||/ɒ/ ǫ | ||
|} | |} |
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