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The prefixes are added to the verb in the order [subject] + [object] + [verb], e.g. ''cutiem'' "I love you", ''lilukrihean'' "they believed him", ''lusile'' "he washes himself", ''tutipiti'' "you saw yourself". If either the subject or object is a noun, the equivalent prefix is dropped, e.g. ''Malk l'em'' "Malk loves her", ''Cupiti Kraz'' "I saw Kraz", ''Culc sile'' "Culc washes herself". | The prefixes are added to the verb in the order [subject] + [object] + [verb], e.g. ''cutiem'' "I love you", ''lilukrihean'' "they believed him", ''lusile'' "he washes himself", ''tutipiti'' "you saw yourself". If either the subject or object is a noun, the equivalent prefix is dropped, e.g. ''Malk l'em'' "Malk loves her", ''Cupiti Kraz'' "I saw Kraz", ''Culc sile'' "Culc washes herself". | ||
==== | ====Tense and Mood Markers==== | ||
Conjugated verbs are marked for one of three moods (Indicative, Subjunctive and Imperative) and two tenses (Past and Present). They also have an infinitive, present participle and past participle. | |||
The table below shows the three regular conjugations of verbs. Pink squares show where the present stem of the verb is used; in all other cases the past stem is used. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Regular Conjugations | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 100px" | Mood | ! style="width: 100px" | Mood | ||
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| ''-yt'' | | ''-yt'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Non-Finite Forms==== | |||
As described above, the '''infinitive''' is formed in all cases by the stem + the thematic vowel + ''-l''. | |||
The '''past participle''' is formed in the same way, replacing ''l'' with ''t'', e.g. ''amet'' "loved", ''katit'' "fallen", ''nakyt'' "injured". | |||
:: <small>Note: some old past participles are retained but have diverged in meaning from their original verbs, e.g. ''aret'' "correct, just; straight" < ''arekyl'' "rule". </small> | |||
The '''present participle''' is formed by ''-ant'' in the ''E'' verbs and by ''-ent'' everywhere else. | |||
====Irregular Verbs==== | ====Irregular Verbs==== | ||
A number of irregular verbs exist. The most irregular is ''seśtyl'' "to be", which is the only verb to show distinct forms for persons in some categories. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ ''Seśtyl'' "To Be" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px" | Mood | |||
! colspan="2;" | Tense | |||
! style="width: 100px" | 1st | |||
! style="width: 100px" | 2nd | |||
! style="width: 100px" | 3rd | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4;" | Indicative | |||
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 100px" | Present | |||
! Sg | |||
| ''su'' | |||
| ''se'' | |||
| ''seśt'' | |||
|- | |||
! Pl | |||
| ''sum'' | |||
| ''sut'' | |||
| ''sun'' | |||
|- | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2;" | Past | |||
! Sg | |||
| colspan="3;" | ''sir'' | |||
|- | |||
! Pl | |||
| colspan="3;" | ''siran'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4;" | Subjunctive | |||
! rowspan="2;" | Present | |||
! Sg | |||
| colspan="3;" | ''si'' | |||
|- | |||
! Pl | |||
|''sim'' | |||
| ''sit'' | |||
| ''sin'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2;" | Past | |||
! Sg | |||
| colspan="3;" | ''ses'' | |||
|- | |||
! Pl | |||
| colspan="3;" | ''sesen'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2;" rowspan="2;" | Imperative | |||
! Sg | |||
| | |||
| ''se'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Pl | |||
| | |||
| ''seśt'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3;" | Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3;" | ''seśtyl'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
The following are the other major irregular verbs: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |} | ||
To Be | To Be |
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