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The sense of the primary aspects is complemented further mainly by [[#Derivational morphology|derivational infixes]] and the like. | The sense of the primary aspects is complemented further mainly by [[#Derivational morphology|derivational infixes]] and the like. | ||
====Voice==== | |||
There are three possible voices in Rówok: | |||
*'''active''' | |||
*'''middle''' | |||
*'''passive''' | |||
=====Active voice===== | |||
The active voice is used for the following: | |||
*when the subject is the agent of a transitive action | |||
Subjects of verbs in the active voice are in the [[#Nominative/ergative|nominative]]. | |||
=====Middle voice===== | |||
The middle voice is extremely widespread and productive. | |||
It is used for the following: | |||
#for the subject of stative verbs | |||
#when the subject is in a mutual relationship of non transitive action with someone (e.g. loving, talking on the phone, bonding) | |||
#for inanimate subjects of several verbs that would otherwise be active ('''he/she runs''' = '''''áyta'''''; '''it''' (a stream, for instance) '''runs''' = '''''áyŧa''''') | |||
#for several idiomatic verbs where it is unclear who the actor is and who the acted upon; this includes verbs like '''follow''' (not leading, not being led), '''hunt''' (conceived as following the animals movements as opposed to transitively killing it), etc. | |||
#when the subject or subjects of a transitive verb are also the patient | |||
Subjects of verbs in the middle voice from examples 1-5 are in the [[#Nominative/ergative|nominative]], while subjects in example 5 are in the [[#Telic|telic]]. | |||
=====Passive voice===== | |||
The passive voice is used for the following: | |||
*when the subject is the patient of a transitive action | |||
Subjects of verbs in the passive voice are in the [[#Telic|telic]] with agents in the [[#Nominative/ergative|nominative]]. | |||
====Participles==== | ====Participles==== |
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