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| ===Consonants=== | | ===Consonants=== |
| {{SUBPAGENAME}} has a large consonant inventory (about 43 consonants).
| | p b f v t d c z q j x ξ ch zh sh r k g h γ m n ng l w y |
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| {| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;"
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| |+ '''{{SUBPAGENAME}} consonants'''
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| |-
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| !colspan="2"| !! Labial !! Dental/Alveolar !! Postalv. !! Palatal !! Velar !! Pharyngeal !! Glottal
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Nasal
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| !<small>plain</small>
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| | '''m''' /m/
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| | '''n''' /n/
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| | '''ny''' /ɲ/
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| | '''ŋ''' /ŋ/ || ||
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| |-
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| !<small>geminate</small>
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| | '''mm''' /m:/
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| | '''nn''' /n:/
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| | '''nny''' /ɲ:/
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| | '''ŋŋ''' /ŋ:/ || ||
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Stop
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| !<small>plain</small>
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| | '''p''' /p/
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| | '''t''' /t/
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| | '''k''' /k/ || ||
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| |-
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| !<small>lenis</small>
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| | '''b''' /b/
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| | '''d''' /d/
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| | ||
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| | '''g''' /g/ || ||
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Affricate
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| !<small>plain</small>
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| | '''c''' /ts/
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| | '''ch''' /tʃ/
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| | '''cy''' /tɕ/
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| | || ||
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| |-
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| !<small>lenis</small>
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| | '''j''' /dz/
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| | '''jh''' /dʒ/
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| | '''jy''' /dʑ/ || || ||
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Spirant
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| !<small>unvoiced</small>
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| | '''f''' /f/
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| | || '''hy''' /ç/
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| | '''x''' /x/ || '''ħ''' /ħ/ ||
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''v''' /v/
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| | '''γ''' /ɣ/ || ||
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Sibilant
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| !<small>unvoiced</small>
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| | '''s''' /s/
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| | '''sh''' /ʃ/ || '''sy''' /ɕ/ ||
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| | || '''h''' /h/
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''z''' /z/
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| | '''zh''' /ʒ/ || '''zy''' /ʑ/ ||
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| |-
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| !colspan="2"| Liquid
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| | '''r''' /ɾ/<br/>'''rh''' /r/ || ||
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| |-
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| !colspan="2"| Approximant
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| | '''w''' /w/ || ||
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| | '''y''' /j/ ||
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| |}
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| ;Notes
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| *An initial /ʔ/ can be added to null initials (but is not mandatory).
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| *Voiceless stops are aspirated syllable-initially; voiced stops devoice after voiceless sounds.
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| * {{SUBPAGENAME}} has a form of Auslautverhärtung: voicing is neutralized for word-final stops but not word-final fricatives.
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| */n, t, d/ are usually dental [n̪, t̪, d̪].
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| */s/ is laminal alveolar [s].
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| */ŋ, k, g/ are usually velar [ŋ, k, g].
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| */ŋ, k, g, x, ɣ/ are prevelar before front vowels.
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| *In dialects and classical singing and drama, /w/ is pronounced as [ɫ].
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| *After a vowel, /ɣ/ colloquially disappears with compensatory lengthening of the vowel if the vowel is short (unless the /ɣ/ begins a stressed syllable.)
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| ===Vowels=== | | ===Vowels=== |