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Naeng/Classical: Difference between revisions
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Old Windermere had breathy voiced vowels '''ah eh ih oh uh üh''' /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ yʱ/ which became '''ä ea ie oa ua üe''' in Classical Winderemre. | Old Windermere had breathy voiced vowels '''ah eh ih oh uh üh''' /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ yʱ/ which became '''ä ea ie oa ua üe''' in Classical Winderemre. | ||
Old Windermere had more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables: most notably, it had '''ă''' /ə/ and ''' | Old Windermere had more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables: most notably, it had '''ă''' /ə/ and '''i''' /ɪ~ɨ/ as reduced vowels which merged to '''ă''' in Classical Windermere. This contrast is retained in [[Pradiul]] as palatalization. | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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*1pl exclusive: ''tsa'' | *1pl exclusive: ''tsa'' | ||
*1pl inclusive: ''ăbang'' | *1pl inclusive: ''ăbang'' | ||
*2pl: '' | *2pl: ''łinam'' (m), ''łisam'' (f) | ||
*3pl: '' | *3pl: ''inam'' (m), ''isam'' (f) | ||
===Derivation=== | ===Derivation=== | ||
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*''*th-'' (causative; denominal verbs) | *''*th-'' (causative; denominal verbs) | ||
*''pi-'' (agentive; triggers voicing of following voiceless stops ''p t c'' to ''b d g'') | *''pi-'' (agentive; triggers voicing of following voiceless stops ''p t c'' to ''b d g'') | ||
**''da'' (know) -> '' | **''da'' (know) -> ''pida'' 'sage' (Classical ''păda'', Modern ''pda'') | ||
**''tüth'' (to grasp) -> '' | **''tüth'' (to grasp) -> ''pidüth'' 'meaning, intention' | ||
*''ha-'' (passive) | *''ha-'' (passive) | ||
Old Windermere also used breathy voice ablaut to denote tools: ''snar'' (capture) -> ''snahr'' (trap, snare) which survives in Modern Windermere as ''snär''. | Old Windermere also used breathy voice ablaut to denote tools: ''snar'' (capture) -> ''snahr'' (trap, snare) which survives in Modern Windermere as ''snär''. | ||