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=Gender=
=Gender=
Gender in Haoli pertains to how nouns are declined and gender agreement for articles.
Gender in Haoli pertains to how nouns are declined and gender agreement for articles. Gender of a noun is defined by the vowel of the final syllable.


==Neuter Endings==
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
*Words ending in i, o, þ, and c are always neuter.
! Neuter !! Feminine !! Masculine
*Words ending in gh, n, r, j, l, lh, v, s, g, h, f, and ð are neuter when preceded by i or o.
|-
 
| i, o || e || a, u
==Feminine Endings==
|}
*Words ending in e, p, k, m, mh, and rh are always feminine.
*Words ending in gh, n, r, j, l, lh, v, s, g, h, f, and ð are feminine when preceded by e.
 
==Masculine Endings==
*Words ending in a, u, and nh are always masculine.
*Words ending in gh, n, r, j, l, lh, v, s, g, h, f, and ð are masculine when preceded by a or u.


=Root Form=
=Root Form=
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ghoþ "scripture" > gheþ "scriptures"<br/>
ghoþ "scripture" > gheþ "scriptures"<br/>
kuk "place" > kajk "places"<br/>
kuk "place" > kajk "places"<br/>
'''Article Agreement'''<br/>
Note that the gender of the plural form is the same as the root form.


==Mass Plurals==
==Mass Plurals==
Line 53: Line 50:
vatas "body of water" -> vatasfen "waters"<br/>
vatas "body of water" -> vatasfen "waters"<br/>
tul "wind gust" -> tulfen "wind"<br/>
tul "wind gust" -> tulfen "wind"<br/>
=Pronouns=
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="7"|Pronouns
|-
!rowspan="2"| Person
|-
!colspan="3"|Singular
!colspan="3"|Plural
|-
!First Person
|colspan="3"|jan
|colspan="3"|bet
|-
!Second Person
|colspan="3"|si
|colspan="3"|al
|-
!Third Person
|edi || ede || eda || edic || edec || edac
|}


=Cases=
=Cases=
==Basic Cases==
==Basic Cases==
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Class of Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Class of Case'''
!'''Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!'''English Approximation'''
!rowspan="2"|'''English Approximation'''
!'''Neuter'''
!colspan="2"|'''Neuter'''
!'''Feminine'''
!colspan="2"|'''Feminine'''
!'''Masculine'''
!colspan="2"|'''Common'''
|-
!'''Neuter I'''
!'''Neuter II'''
!'''Feminine I'''
!'''Feminine II'''
!'''Common I'''
!'''Common II'''
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Grammatical'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Grammatical'''
|Nominative
|Nominative
|''cat''
|''cat''
| || ||
| hao || tor || ðule || kes || eldu || vatas
|-
|-
|Accusative
|Accusative
|''cat''
|''cat''
| || ||
| haōr || toror || ðulēr || keser || eldūr || vatasur
|-
|-
!rowspan="6"|'''Non-Grammatical'''
!rowspan="6"|'''Non-Grammatical'''
|Dative
|Dative
|''for/because of the cat''
|''for/because of the cat''
| || ||
| haōs || toros || ðulēs || keses|| eldūs || vatasus
|-
|-
|Malefactive
|Malefactive
|''against/opposed to the cat''
|''against/opposed to the cat''
| || ||
| haomo || tormo || ðuleme || kesme || eldumu || vatasmu
|-
|-
|Adverbial
|Adverbial
|''cattily''
|''cattily''
| || ||
| haoko || torko || ðuleke || keske || eldku || vatasku
|-
|-
|Vocative
|Vocative
|''Cat (name)''
|''O Cat''
| || ||
| haogho || torgho || ðuleghe || kesghe || eldghu || vatasghu
|-
|-
|Contrastive
|Contrastive
|''as compared to the cat''
|''as compared to the cat''
| || ||
| haoto || torto || ðulete || keste || eldtu || vatastu
|-
|-
|Genitive
|Genitive
|''of cat/about cat/cat's''
|''of cat/about cat/cat's''
| || ||
| haōð || toroð || ðulēð || keseð || eldūð || vatasuð
|-
|-
|}
|}
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Class of Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Class of Case'''
!'''Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!'''English Approximation'''
!rowspan="2"|'''English Approximation'''
!'''Neuter'''
!colspan="2"|'''Neuter'''
!'''Feminine'''
!colspan="2"|'''Feminine'''
!'''Masculine'''
!colspan="2"|'''Common'''
|-
!'''Neuter I'''
!'''Neuter II'''
!'''Feminine I'''
!'''Feminine II'''
!'''Common I'''
!'''Common II'''
|-
|-
!rowspan="5"|'''Oblique'''
!rowspan="5"|'''Oblique'''
|Translative
|Translative
|''to being a cat''
|''to being a cat''
| || ||
| haotos || tortos || ðuletes || kestes || eldutus || vatastus
|-
|-
|Exessive
|Exessive
|''from being a cat''
|''from being a cat''
| || ||
| haotoso || tortoso || ðuletese || kestese || eldutusu ||vatastusu
|-
|-
|Essive
|Essive
|''as being a cat/like a cat''
|''as being a cat/like a cat''
| || ||
| haotosso || tortosso || ðuletesse || kestesse || eldutussu || vatastussu
|-
|-
|Instrumental
|Instrumental
|''by use of the cat/with cat''
|''by use of the cat/with cat''
| || ||
| haoghon || torghon || ðuleghen || kesghen || eldughun || vatasghun
|-
|-
|Prolative
|Prolative
|''by way of the cat''
|''by way of the cat''
| || ||
| haolog || torlog || ðuleleg || kesleg || eldulug || vataslug
|-
|-
|}
|}
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Class of Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Class of Case'''
!'''Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!'''English Approximation'''
!rowspan="2"|'''English Approximation'''
!'''Neuter'''
!colspan="2"|'''Neuter'''
!'''Feminine'''
!colspan="2"|'''Feminine'''
!'''Masculine'''
!colspan="2"|'''Common'''
|-
!'''Neuter I'''
!'''Neuter II'''
!'''Feminine I'''
!'''Feminine II'''
!'''Common I'''
!'''Common II'''
|-
|-
!rowspan="9"|'''Internal Locative'''
!rowspan="9"|'''Internal Locative'''
|Inessive
|Inessive
|''inside the cat''
|''inside the cat''
| || ||
| haōlo || torolo || ðulēle || kesele || eldūlu || vatasulu
|-
|-
|Hyperessive
|Hyperessive
|''deep inside the cat''
|''deep inside the cat''
| || ||
| haōllo || torollo || ðulēlle || keselle || eldūllu || vatasullu
|-
|-
|Illative
|Illative
|''into the cat''
|''into the cat''
| || ||
| haōno || torono || ðulēne || kesene || eldūnu || vatasunu
|-
|-
|Hyperlative
|Hyperlative
|''deep into the cat''
|''deep into the cat''
| || ||
| haōnno || toronno || ðulēnne || kesenne || eldūnnu || vatasunnu
|-
|-
|Elative
|Elative
|''from inside the cat''
|''from inside the cat''
| || ||
| haōlon || torolon || ðulēlen || keselen || eldūlun || vatasulun
|-
|-
|Hyper-elative
|Hyper-elative
|''from deep inside the cat''
|''from deep inside the cat''
| || ||
| haōllon || torollon || ðulēllen || kesellen || eldūllun || vatasullun
|-
|-
|Supraperlative
|Supraperlative
|''throughout the cat''
|''throughout the cat''
| || ||
| haōpo || toropo || ðulēpe || kesepe || eldūpu || vatasupu
|-
|-
|Hyperlative
|Hyperlative
|''all throughout the cat''
|''all throughout the cat''
| || ||
| haōppo || toroppo || ðulēppe || keseppe || eldūppu || vatasuppu
|-
|-
|Perlative
|Perlative
|''through the cat''
|''through the cat''
| || ||
| haopo || torpo || ðulepe || kespe || eldupu || vataspu
|-
|-
!rowspan="4"|'''Traversal Locative'''
!rowspan="4"|'''Traversal Locative'''
|Lative
|Lative
|''towards the cat, catbound''
|''towards the cat, catbound''
| || ||
| haofon || torfon || ðulefen || kesfen || eldufun || vatasfun
|-
|-
|Superlative
|Superlative
|''onto the cat''
|''onto the cat''
| || ||
| haojo || torjo || ðuleje || kesje || elduju || vatasju
|-
|-
|Prosecutive
|Prosecutive
|''along the cat''
|''along the cat''
| || ||
| haovon || torvon || ðuleven || kesven || elduvun || vatasvun
|-
|-
|Terminative
|Terminative
|''until the cat (is reached)''
|''until the cat (is reached)''
| || ||
| haoþo || torþo || ðuleþe || kesþe || elduþu || vatasþu
|-
|-
!rowspan="4"|'''Exodal Locative'''
!rowspan="4"|'''Exodal Locative'''
|Ablative
|Ablative
|''away from the cat''
|''away from the cat''
| || ||
| haodoþ || tordoþ || ðuledeþ || kesdeþ || elduduþ || vatasduþ
|-
|-
|Antessive
|Antessive
|''far from the cat''
|''far from the cat''
| || ||
| haongo || torngo || ðulenge || kesnge || eldungu || vatasngu
|-
|-
|Delative
|Delative
|''off/down from the cat''
|''off/down from the cat''
| || ||
| haolho || torlho || ðulelhe || keslhe || eldulhu || vataslhu
|-
|-
|Eblative
|Eblative
|''(sourced) from the cat''
|''(sourced) from the cat''
| || ||
| haovot || torvot || ðulevet || kesvet || elduvut || vatasvut
|-
|-
!rowspan="15"|'''Relational Locative'''
!rowspan="15"|'''Relational Locative'''
|Superessive
|Superessive
|''on (top of) the cat''
|''on (top of) the cat''
| || ||
| haoho || torho || ðulehe || keshe || elduhu || vatashu
|-
|-
|Supraessive
|Supraessive
|''above/over the cat''
|''above/over the cat''
| || ||
| haonot || tornot || ðulenet || kesnet || eldunut || vatasnut
|-
|-
|Comitative
|Comitative
|''(together) with the cat''
|''(together) with the cat''
| || ||
| haosot || torsot || ðuleset || kesset || eldusut || vatassut
|-
|-
|Pertingent
|Pertingent
|''touching/adjacent to the cat''
|''touching/adjacent to the cat''
| || ||
| haobo || torbo || ðulebe || kesbe || eldubu || vatasbu
|-
|-
|Apudessive
|Apudessive
|''next to/beside the cat''
|''next to/beside the cat''
| || ||
| haoðod || torðod || ðuleðed || kesðed || elduðud || vatasðud
|-
|-
|Enclosive
|Enclosive
|''on either side of the cat''
|''on either side of the cat''
| || ||
| haoþor || torþor || ðuleþer || kesþer || elduþur || vatasþur
|-
|-
|Forbative
|Forbative
|''in front of the cat''
|''in front of the cat''
| || ||
| haoþo || torþo || ðuleþe || kesþe || elduþu || vatasþu
|-
|-
|Locative
|Locative
|''nearby/not far from the cat''
|''nearby/not far from the cat''
| || ||
| haonoþ || tornoþ || ðuleneþ || kesneþ || eldunuþ || vatasnuþ
|-
|-
|Bative
|Bative
|''behind the cat''
|''behind the cat''
| || ||
| haovok || torvok || ðulevek || kesvek || elduvuk || vatasvuk
|-
|-
|Transversive
|Transversive
|''beyond the cat''
|''beyond the cat''
| || ||
| haovoj || torvoj || ðulevej || kesvej || elduvuj || vatasvuj
|-
|-
|Circumfrentive
|Circumfrentive
|''surrounded by cat''
|''surrounded by cat''
| || ||
| haojor || torjor || ðulejer || kesjer || eldujur || vatasjur
|-
|-
|Situative
|Situative
|''wrapped in cat''
|''wrapped in cat''
| || ||
| haorok || torrok || ðulerek || kesrek || elduruk || vatasruk
|-
|-
|Abessive
|Abessive
|''without the cat''
|''without the cat''
| || ||
| haolor || torlor || ðuleler || kesler || eldulur || vataslur
|-
|-
|Intrative
|Intrative
|''between the cat''
|''between the cat''
| || ||
| haocok || torcok || ðulecek || kescek || elducuk || vatascuk
|-
|-
|Subessive
|Subessive
|''under the cat''
|''under the cat''
| || ||
| haolom || torlom || ðulelem || keslem || eldulum || vataslum
|}
|}


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!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Case'''
!rowspan="2"|'''English Approximation'''
!rowspan="2"|'''English Approximation'''
!colspan="3"|'''Neuter'''
!colspan="2"|'''Neuter'''
!colspan="3"|'''Feminine'''
!colspan="2"|'''Feminine'''
!colspan="3"|'''Masculine'''
!colspan="2"|'''Common'''
|-
|-
!'''Singular'''
!'''Neuter I'''
!'''Plural'''
!'''Neuter II'''
!'''Mass Plural'''
!'''Feminine I'''
!'''Singular'''
!'''Feminine II'''
!'''Plural'''
!'''Common I'''
!'''Mass Plural'''
!'''Common II'''
!'''Singular'''
!'''Plural'''
!'''Mass Plural'''
|-
|-
!rowspan="5"|'''Temporal'''
!rowspan="5"|'''Temporal'''
|Temporal
|Temporal
|''at the time of the cat''
|''at the time of the cat''
| || || || || || || || ||
| haobo || torbo || ðulebe || kesbe || eldubu || vatasbu
|-
|-
|Temporal-Lative
|Temporal-Lative
|''since the time of the cat''
|''since the time of the cat''
| || || || || || || || ||
| haobon || torbon || ðuleben || kesben || eldubun || vatasbun
|-
|-
|Temporal-Hyper-Transversive
|Temporal-Hyper-Transversive
|''long after the time of the cat''
|''long after the time of the cat''
| || || || || || || || ||
| haoboj || torboj || ðulebej || kesbej || eldubuj || vatasbuj
|-
|-
|Temporal-Terminative
|Temporal-Terminative
|''up until the time of the cat''
|''up until the time of the cat''
| || || || || || || || ||
| haobot || torbot || ðulebet || kesbet || eldubut || vatasbut
|-
|-
|Temporal-Hyperbative
|Temporal-Hyperbative
|''long before the time of the cat''
|''long before the time of the cat''
| || || || || || || || ||
| haobor || torbor || ðuleber || kesber || eldubur || vatasbur
|}
|}
=Nominalization=
==Verbs==
*ghoþ (from ghoþig) : writing (from to write)
*kasak (from kasakeg) : command (from to command)
*halci (from halcīg) : throat (from to swallow)
*har (from harge) : possesion (from to posses)
==Adjectives==
*el (from eleð) : movement (from moving)
*felik (from felikoð) : growth (from growing)
*hid (from hidoð) : sloth (from slow)
*impa (from impauð) : circle (from circular)
==Adverbs==
*hid (from hidko) : sloth (from slowly)
*isat (from isatku) : selfishness (from selfishly)
Iancgil
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