Tonuao: Difference between revisions

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{{construction}}
#REDIRECT [[単亜語]]
 
[[File:East_Asian_Cultural_Sphere.png|right|300px]]
 
{{PAGENAME}} is a zonal auxlang<ref>http://conlangery.com/2013/01/14/conlangery-80-zonal-auxlangs/</ref> intended to be quickly learnable, readily comprehensible, and mutually communicative between persons of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]].  It uses Chinese characters for much of its writing, with some forms being simplified according to the [[w:Shinjitai]]/新字体 standards of Japan.  The Japanese syllabary [[w:Katakana]] is used for all other sounds.  It is non-tonal, nearly analytic, SVO, topic-prominent, uses classifiers, is pro-drop, copula-drop, and uses postpositions.
 
== Phonology ==
{{PAGENAME}} has 5 vowels and 10 consonants.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} Consonants'''
|-
! colspan="7"|Consonants
|-
!
!  Labial
!  Dental
!  Alveolar
! Palatal
!  Velar
!  Glottal
|- align="center"
!Nasals
|'''m''' /m/
|
|'''n '''/n/
|
|
|
|-
! Plosives
|'''p''' /p/
|'''t''' /t/
|
|
|'''k''' /k/
|
|-
!Fricatives
|
|
| colspan="2" | '''s''' /s ~ ɕ/
| colspan="3" |'''h''' /h ~ ɦ ~ x/
|-
! Liquids
|
|
|'''l''' /l ~ ɾ/
|
|
|
|-
! Approximants
| '''w''' /w/
|
|
| '''y''' /j/
|
|
|}
While there is a great deal of consonantal allophony (see below), every language speaker will experience some sounds as difficult, especially in achieving consistency.
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} Vowels'''
|-
! colspan="4"|Vowels
|-
!
!  Front
!  Central
!  Back
|-
! High
| '''i''' /i ~ ɪ/
|
| '''u''' /u ~ ɯ/
|-
! Mid
| colspan="2" | '''e''' /e ~ e̞/
| '''o''' /o ~ o̞/
|-
! Low
| colspan="2" | '''a''' /a ~ ä/
|
|}
Again, a great deal of tolerance is required when listening to others.  Non-Mandarin speakers will have the hardest time being patient with Chinese vowels, but accents are part of being international!
 
=== Phonotactics ===
The three allowable syllable structures are V, CV, Cya, and CVn.  There are gaps in all these series, and allophony.
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center; float: left"
|-
! colspan="6" | Simple Syllables
|-
! ø
| '''a''' <br /> /a/
| '''e''' <br /> /e ~ je ~ ə/
| '''i''' <br /> /i ~ ji/
| '''o''' <br /> /o ~ wo/
| '''u''' <br /> /u ~ wu/
|-
! P
| '''pa''' || '''pe''' || '''pi''' || '''po''' || '''pu'''
|-
! T
| '''ta''' || '''te''' || '''ti''' || '''to''' || '''tu'''
|-
! K
| '''ka''' || '''ke''' || '''ki''' || '''ko''' || '''ku'''
|-
! M
| '''ma''' || '''me''' || '''mi''' || '''mo''' || '''mu'''
|-
! N
| '''na''' || '''ne''' || '''ni''' || '''no''' || '''nu'''
|-
! S
| '''sa''' || '''se''' || '''si''' <br /> /si ~ ɕi/ || '''so''' || '''su'''
|-
! H
| '''ha''' || '''he''' || '''hi''' || '''ho''' || '''hu'''
|-
! L
| '''la''' || '''le''' || '''li''' || '''lo''' || '''lu'''
|-
! W
| '''wa''' <br /> /wa ~ ʋa ~ va/
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! Y
| '''ya'''
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| '''yo''' <br /> /jo ~ joʊ̯/
| '''yu'''
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center; float:left; "
|-
! colspan="6" | Katakana
|-
! ø
| ア
| エ
| イ
| オ
| ウ
|-
! P
| パ || ペ || ピ || ポ || プ
|-
! T
| タ || テ || チ || ト || ツ
|-
! K
| カ || ケ || キ|| コ|| ク
|-
! M
| マ || メ || ミ || モ || ム
|-
! N
| ナ || ネ || ニ || ノ || ヌ
|-
! S
| サ || セ || シ || ソ || ス
|-
! H
| ハ || ヘ|| ヒ || ホ || フ
|-
! L
| ラ || レ || リ || ロ || ル
|-
! W
| ワ
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! Y
| ヤ
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| ヨ
| ユ
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center; float:left; "
|-
! colspan="6" | Hangeul (for reference)
|-
! ㅇ
| 아
| 에 ~ 예
| 이
| 오
| 우
|-
! ㅂ
| 바 || 베 || 비 || 보 || 부
|-
! ㄷ
| 다 || 데 || 디 || 두 || 도
|-
! ㄱ
| 가 || 게 || 기|| 고|| 구
|-
! ㅁ
| 마 || 메 || 미 || 모 || 무
|-
! ㄴ
| 나 || 네 || 니 || 노 || 누
|-
! ㅅ
| 사 || 세 || 시 || 소 || 수
|-
! ㅎ
| 하 || 헤|| 히 || 호 || 후
|-
! ㄹ
| 라 || 레 || 리 || 로 || 루
|-
! W
| 와
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! Y
| 야
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| 요
| 유
|}
 
<br clear="both" />
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center; float: left"
|-
! colspan="5" | Complex Syllables
|-
!
! ya
! an
! en
! in
|-
! ø
|
| '''an'''
| '''en'''
| '''in'''
|-
! P
| '''pya'''
| '''pan'''
| '''pen'''
| '''pin'''
|-
! T
| '''tya''' <br /> /tja ~ t͡ɕa/
| '''tan'''
| '''ten'''
| '''tin'''
|-
! K
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| '''kan'''
| '''ken'''
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! M
| '''mya'''
| '''man'''
| '''men'''
| '''min'''
|-
! N
| '''nya'''
| '''nan'''
| '''nen'''
| '''nin'''
|-
! S
| '''sya''' <br /> /sja ~ ɕa/
| '''san'''
| '''sen''' <br /> /sen ~ ɕen/
| '''sin'''
|-
! H
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| '''han'''
| '''hen'''
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! L
| '''lya'''
| '''lan'''
| '''len'''
| '''lin'''
|-
! W
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| '''wan'''
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! Y
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| '''yan'''
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center; float:left;"
|-
! colspan="5" | Katakana
|-
!
! ya
! an
! en
! in
|-
! ø
|
| アン
| エン
| イン
|-
! P
| ピャ
| パン
| ペン
| ピン
|-
! T
| チャ
| タン
| テン
| チン
|-
! K
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| カン
| ケン
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! M
| ミャ
| マン
| メン
| ミン
|-
! N
| ニャ
| ナン
| ネン
| ニン
|-
! S
| シャ
| サン
| セン
| シン
|-
! H
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| ハン
| ヘン
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! L
| リャ
| ラン
| レン
| リン
|-
! W
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| ワン
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! Y
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| ヤン
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="5" | Hangeul (for reference)
|-
!
! ya
! an
! en
! in
|-
! ø
|
| 안
| 엔
| 인
|-
! ㅂ
| 뱌
| 반
| 벤
| 빈
|-
! ㄷ
| 댜 ~ 쟈
| 단
| 덴
| 딘
|-
! ㄱ
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| 간
| 겐
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! ㅁ
| 먀
| 만
| 멘
| 민
|-
! ㄴ
| 냐
| 난
| 넨
| 닌
|-
! ㅅ
| 샤
| 산
| 센
| 신
|-
! ㅎ
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| 한
| 헨
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! ㄹ
| 랴
| 란
| 렌
| 린
|-
! W
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| 완
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|-
! Y
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| 얀
| style="background:lightgray;" |
| style="background:lightgray;" |
|}
<br clear="both" />
 
The complex syllables of {{PAGENAME}} are clearly much more limited.
 
== References ==
 
 
<references />

Latest revision as of 01:37, 27 November 2018

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