527
edits
Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions
→Morphology
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Case !! Suffix !! Main function(s) | !Case !! Name !! Suffix !! Main function(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Nominative || -ø || Subject of transitive & intransitive verbs | |Nominative || serafáal || -ø || Subject of transitive & intransitive verbs | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Vocative || -ø/-ȍ || Form of a noun to call someone/something | |Vocative || vokafáal || -ø/-ȍ || Form of a noun to call someone/something | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Genitive || -á(-) || Relational case, direct object in negative sentences | |Genitive || faláak || -á(-) || Relational case, direct object in negative sentences | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Dative || -é(-) || Receiver of bitransitive verbs, [logical] subject of emotional verbs, locative: origin of movement | |Dative || faléek || -é(-) || Receiver of bitransitive verbs, [logical] subject of emotional verbs, locative: origin of movement | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Accusative || -í(-) || Direct object of transitiv verbs | |Accusative || falíik || -í(-) || Direct object of transitiv verbs | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Locative || -ó(-) || Indicating position in a place, space etc. | |Locative || falóok || -ó(-) || Indicating position in a place, space etc. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Translative || -úu(-)/-ȕ(-) || Change of state | |Translative || falȕük || -úu(-)/-ȕ(-) || Change of state | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Essive || -ú(-) || Being in a changeable state | |Essive || falúuk || -ú(-) || Being in a changeable state | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Exlative || -wé(-)/-wȁ(-) || Ending of a state | |Exlative || falwéek || -wé(-)/-wȁ(-) || Ending of a state | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Case !! Suffix !! Main function(s) | !Case !! Name !! Suffix !! Main function(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Nominative || -ø || Subject of transitive & intransitive verbs | |Nominative || serafáal || -ø || Subject of transitive & intransitive verbs | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Vocative || -ø/-ȍ || Form of a noun to call someone/something | |Vocative || vokafáal || -ø/-ȍ || Form of a noun to call someone/something | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Genitive || -á(-) || Relational case, direct object in negative sentences | |Genitive || faláak || -á(-) || Relational case, direct object in negative sentences | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Dative || -é(-) || Receiver of bitransitive verbs, [logical] subject of emotional verbs | |Dative || faléek || -é(-) || Receiver of bitransitive verbs, [logical] subject of emotional verbs | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Accusative || -í(-) || Direct object of transitiv verbs | |Accusative || falíik || -í(-) || Direct object of transitiv verbs | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Locative || -ó(-) || Indicating position in a place, space etc. | |Locative || falóok || -ó(-) || Indicating position in a place, space etc. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Delative || -ȁ(-) || Origin of movement | |Delative || falȁäk || -ȁ(-) || Origin of movement | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Translative || -úu(-)/-ȕ(-) || Change of state | |Translative || falȕük || -úu(-)/-ȕ(-) || Change of state | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Essive || -ú(-) || Being in a changeable state | |Essive || falúuk || -ú(-) || Being in a changeable state | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Exlative || -wé(-)/-wȁ(-) || Ending of a state | |Exlative || falwéek || -wé(-)/-wȁ(-) || Ending of a state | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! suffix !! meaning !! case combined (case in other languages) !! example || translation | ! suffix !! name !! meaning !! case combined (case in other languages) !! example || translation | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ni- || inside of || locative (inessive) || niđomó || in the house | |ni- || nivalóok || inside of || locative (inessive) || niđomó || in the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||ni- || into sth. || accusative (illative) || niđomí || into the house | ||ni- || nivalíik || into sth. || accusative (illative) || niđomí || into the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||ni- || out of sth.|| dative/delative (elative) || niđomé / niđomȁ || out of the house | ||ni- || nivaléek || out of sth.|| dative/delative (elative) || niđomé / niđomȁ || out of the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||fo- || in front of || locative (?) || fođomó || in front of the house | ||fo- || fovalóok || in front of || locative (?) || fođomó || in front of the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||fo- || into the front of || accusative (?) || fođomí || into the front of the house | ||fo- || fovalíik || into the front of || accusative (?) || fođomí || into the front of the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||fo- || from the front of || dative/delative (?) || fođomé / fođomȁ || from the front of the house | ||fo- || fovaléek || from the front of || dative/delative (?) || fođomé / fođomȁ || from the front of the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||po- || behind || locative (?) || pođomó || behind the house | ||po- || povalóok || behind || locative (?) || pođomó || behind the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||po- || into the backside of || accusative (?) || pođomí || into the backside of the house | ||po- || povalíik || into the backside of || accusative (?) || pođomí || into the backside of the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||po- || from the backside of || dative/delative (?) || pođomé / pođomȁ || from the backside of the house | ||po- || povaléek || from the backside of || dative/delative (?) || pođomé / pođomȁ || from the backside of the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||di- || under || locative (?) || diđomó || under the house | ||di- || divalóok || under || locative (?) || diđomó || under the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||di- || into the underside of || accusative (?) || diđomí || into the underside of the house | ||di- || divalíik || into the underside of || accusative (?) || diđomí || into the underside of the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||di- || from the underside of || dative/delative (?) || diđomé / diđomȁ || from the underside of the house | ||di- || divaléek || from the underside of || dative/delative (?) || diđomé / diđomȁ || from the underside of the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||lü- || the direction of || locative (?) || lüđomó || in the direction of the house (place) | ||lü- || lüvalóok || the direction of || locative (?) || lüđomó || in the direction of the house (place) | ||
|- | |- | ||
||lü- || into the front of || accusative (?) || lüđomí || in the direction of the house (movement) | ||lü- || lüvalíik || into the front of || accusative (?) || lüđomí || in the direction of the house (movement) | ||
|- | |- | ||
||lü- || from the direction of || dative/delative (?) || lüđomé / lüđomȁ || from the direction of the house | ||lü- || lüvaléek || from the direction of || dative/delative (?) || lüđomé / lüđomȁ || from the direction of the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||lo- || above || locative (?) || lođomó || above the house | ||lo- || lovalóok || above || locative (?) || lođomó || above the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||lo- || into the space above of || accusative (?) || lođomí || above the house (movement) | ||lo- || lovalíik || into the space above of || accusative (?) || lođomí || above the house (movement) | ||
|- | |- | ||
||lo || from the space above of || dative/delative (?) || lođomé / lođomȁ || from the space above of the house | ||lo- || lovaléek || from the space above of || dative/delative (?) || lođomé / lođomȁ || from the space above of the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||su- || on || locative (?) || suđomó || on the house | ||su- || suvalóok || on || locative (?) || suđomó || on the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||su- || onto || accusative (?) || suđomí || onto the house | ||su- || suvalíik || onto || accusative (?) || suđomí || onto the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||su- || from the upside of || dative/delative (?) || suđomé / suđomȁ || from the upside of the house | ||su- || suvaléek || from the upside of || dative/delative (?) || suđomé / suđomȁ || from the upside of the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||be- || between || locative (?) || beđomót || between the two houses | ||be- || bevalóok || between || locative (?) || beđomót || between the two houses | ||
|- | |- | ||
||be- || in between || accusative (?) || beđomít || in between the two houses (movement) | ||be- || bevalíik || in between || accusative (?) || beđomít || in between the two houses (movement) | ||
|- | |- | ||
||be- || from in between of || dative/delative (?) || beđomét / beđomȁt || from in between of the two houses | ||be- || bevaléek || from in between of || dative/delative (?) || beđomét / beđomȁt || from in between of the two houses | ||
|- | |- | ||
||da- || through || locative (?) || dađomó || through the two houses (place) | ||da- || davalóok || through || locative (?) || dađomó || through the two houses (place) | ||
|- | |- | ||
||da- || through sth. || accusative (?) || dađomí || through the house (aim) | ||da- || davalíik || through sth. || accusative (?) || dađomí || through the house (aim) | ||
|- | |- | ||
||da- || from through of || dative/delative (?) || dađomé / dađomȁ || from in through the house (origin) | ||da- || davaléek || from through of || dative/delative (?) || dađomé / dađomȁ || from in through the house (origin) | ||
|- | |- | ||
||le- || into the space at || locative (?) || lođomó || into the space at the house | ||le- || levalóok || into the space at || locative (?) || lođomó || into the space at the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||le- || from the space at sth. || accusative (?) || lođomí || from the space at the house (movement) | ||le- || levalíik || from the space at sth. || accusative (?) || lođomí || from the space at the house (movement) | ||
|- | |- | ||
||le- || from at || dative/delative (?) || lođomé / lođomȁ || from at the house | ||le- || levaléek || from at || dative/delative (?) || lođomé / lođomȁ || from at the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||mu- || next to || locative (?) || muđomó || next to the house | ||mu- || muvalóok || next to || locative (?) || muđomó || next to the house | ||
|- | |- | ||
||mu- || into the space next of || accusative (?) || muđomí || next to the house (movement) | ||mu- || muvalíik || into the space next of || accusative (?) || muđomí || next to the house (movement) | ||
|- | |- | ||
||mu- || from the space next of || dative/delative (?) || muđomé / muđomȁ || from the space next of the house | ||mu- || muvaléek || from the space next of || dative/delative (?) || muđomé / muđomȁ || from the space next of the house | ||
|} | |} | ||