Suwáá: Difference between revisions

Suwáá (view source)

Revision as of 18:01, 30 January 2019

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-====Other notes====
+====Notes====
 All consonants are long, compared to English and other Sowaár dialects: with plain stops the hold is longer, with aspirated stops the aspiration is longer, and with affricates the frication is longer. The voice onset time of the aspirated and ejective stops is twice as long as that found in most other languages.
-;Stops and affricates
-All stops and affricates, except for the bilabial and glottal, have a three-way laryngeal contrast between unaspirated, aspirated, and ejective.
-The aspirated stops /pʰ, tʰ, kʰ/ (orthographic {{angbr|p, t, k}}) are typically aspirated with velar frication [px, tx, kx] (they are phonetically affricates — homorganic in the case of [kx], heterorganic in the case of [tx]). The acoustic difference between an affricate and a stop + fricative consonant cluster is the rate of increase in the amplitude of the frication noise (i.e. the ''rise time''); affricates have a short rise time, consonant clusters have a longer rise time between the stop and fricative. There is variation within {{PAGENAME}}, however, in this respect: some speakers lack strong velar frication having instead a period of aspiration.
-Similarly the unaspirated velar /k/ (orthographic {{angbr|{{spell-nv|g}}}}) is realized as with optional voiced velar frication following the stop burst: [k] ~ [kɣ].
-While the aspiration of stops is markedly long compared to most other languages, the aspiration of the affricates is quite short: the main feature distinguishing /ts/, /tʂ/ and /tɕ/ from /tsʰ/, /tʂʰ/ and /tɕʰ/ is that the frication is half again as long in the latter: [tsʰˑ], [tʂʰˑ], [tɕʰˑ]. The ejectives /ts'/, /tʂ'/, /tɕ'/, on the other hand, have short frication, presumably due to the lack of pulmonic airflow. There is a period of near silence before the glottalized onset of the vowel.
-;Continuants
-{{PAGENAME}} fricatives are noisier than the fricatives that occur in English.
-;Glottal(ized) consonants
-Consonants involving a glottal closure — the glottal stop, ejective stops, and the glottalized sonorants — may have optional creaky voice on voiced sounds adjacent to the glottal gesture. Glottal stops may also be realized entirely as creaky voice instead of single glottal closure.
 ===Vowels===