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Austman: Difference between revisions
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|pronunciation=/diːt͡ʃ/ | |pronunciation=/diːt͡ʃ/ | ||
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|speakers=''2,916,000'' | |speakers=''2,916,000'' | ||
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The core of the language is Germanic, comprising approximately 50% of the total base vocabulary. Words of Arabic and Turko-Arabic origins make up an additional 30% of vocabulary, mostly found in words related to topics of Religion, Law, Government and Education. Turkish loanwords add up to 10% of the lexicon, being mostly used in military, religious, and administrative terms. 5% of words, primarily related to some agricultural and labor terms, are derived from a South Slavic stock, mostly from Slovene and Serbo-Croatian origin. A percentage of Turkish loanwords are actually Persian loanwords, mostly related to fields such as medicine and science. | The core of the language is Germanic, comprising approximately 50% of the total base vocabulary. Words of Arabic and Turko-Arabic origins make up an additional 30% of vocabulary, mostly found in words related to topics of Religion, Law, Government and Education. Turkish loanwords add up to 10% of the lexicon, being mostly used in military, religious, and administrative terms. 5% of words, primarily related to some agricultural and labor terms, are derived from a South Slavic stock, mostly from Slovene and Serbo-Croatian origin. A percentage of Turkish loanwords are actually Persian loanwords, mostly related to fields such as medicine and science. | ||
====Gender==== | |||
A curious feature of Austman has been the simplification of Old High German's gender system. Masculine and Neuter have collapsed into a single Masculine Gender. | |||
====Case==== | |||
Austman has retained only three of the original 5 cases of Old High German, with accusative fusing with dative and instrumental, becoming the Oblique case. | |||
The List of Cases is: | |||
* Nominative Case, which is used to express the subject of a statement. | |||
* Oblique Case, which expresses the object of a verb. | |||
* Genitive Case, which expresses possession, measurement, or source. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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| Open || a || || || | | Open || a || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Turkish Affricates and Rounded Vowels=== | |||
Due to the collapse of natural round vowels, the Turkish sounds of /y/ and /ø/ have become foreign sounds, and thus in loanwords are represented as /iu/ and /eʁ/ respectively. As well, the Turkish /d͡ʒ/ becomes /t͡s/ or rarely /t͡ʃ/ depending on age of loan and position within the word. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
Austman nouns decline according to case and number, with the language possessing two grammatical Genders, 3 grammatical cases, and 2 levels of plurality. | |||
====Strong Declensions==== | |||
===== -a delension ===== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" | '''''تك (tak)''<br> day m. | |||
! colspan="2" | '''''ووت (vôt)''<br> word m. | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Singular''' | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Plural''' | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Singular''' | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Plural''' | |||
|- | |||
! '''Nominative''' | |||
|| تك (tak) || تكه (take) | |||
|| ووت (vôt) || ووت (vôt) | |||
|- | |||
! '''Accusative''' | |||
|| تچ (taç) || تكن (takn) | |||
|| ووچ (vôç)|| ووتن (vôtn) | |||
|- | |||
! '''Genitive''' | |||
|| تكس (taks) || تك (tok) | |||
|| ووتس (vôts)|| ووت (vôt) | |||
|} | |||
===== -ja delension ===== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" | '''''ھيچ (hîç)''<br> herdsman m. | |||
! colspan="2" | ''''' کن (kin)''<br> kind, race m. | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Singular''' | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Plural''' | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Singular''' | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Plural''' | |||
|- | |||
! '''Nominative''' | |||
|| ھیچ (hîç) || ھیتة (hîta) | |||
|| کن (kin) || كن (kin) | |||
|- | |||
! '''Accusative''' | |||
|| ھیچ (hîç) || ھیتة (hîta) | |||
|| کن (kin) || كن (kin) | |||
|- | |||
! '''Genitive''' | |||
|| ھیچس (hîçs) || هوچ (hûç) | |||
|| كنس (kins) || كن (kun) | |||
|} | |||
===== -ō declension ===== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" | '''''گب (geb)''<br> gift f. | |||
! colspan="2" |'''''ارت (ert)''<br> earth f. | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Singular''' | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Plural''' | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Singular''' | |||
! colspan="1" | '''Plural''' | |||
|- | |||
! '''Nominative''' | |||
|| گب (geb) || گبة (geba) | |||
|| ارت (ert) || ارتة (erta) | |||
|- | |||
! '''Accusative''' | |||
|| گب (geb) || گبة (geba) | |||
|| کن (ert) || كن (erta) | |||
|- | |||
! '''Genitive''' | |||
|| گب (geb) || گبن (gebn) | |||
|| ارت (erot) || ارتن (erotn) | |||
|} | |||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||