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Verbs have the following principal parts: present, imperfect, perfect, subjunctive/imperative and verbal noun, which are marked with reduplication, ablaut, and/or prefixes. | Verbs have the following principal parts: present, imperfect, perfect, subjunctive/imperative and verbal noun, which are marked with reduplication, ablaut, and/or prefixes. | ||
The exact paradigm depends on the verb. For stative verbs like ''plang'' 'to stand', present and | The exact paradigm depends on the verb. For stative verbs like ''plang'' 'to stand', present and perfect forms are identical, and the preterite form often denotes dynamic change or views it as a completed action. | ||
Example: | Example: | ||
*Present = | *Present = Perfect: ''plang'' 'stands; (has) stood'; feminine ''uplang'' | ||
* | *Imperfect: ''plăplang'' 'was standing' (from PLak ''*em-H''for dynamic); feminine ''uplăplang'' | ||
*Future: ''hepălang'' 'will stand' (from ''heφ-'' future tense marker + nominal grade ''pälŋ'' of root √''pläŋ''); feminine ''wepalang'' | *Future: ''hepălang'' 'will stand' (from ''heφ-'' future tense marker + nominal grade ''pälŋ'' of root √''pläŋ''); feminine ''wepalang'' | ||
*Imperative/Subjunctive: ''plang'' 'stand! that X stand'; feminine ''uplang'' | *Imperative/Subjunctive: ''plang'' 'stand! that X stand'; feminine ''uplang'' |
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