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* the consonantal root has 2 letters.
* the consonantal root has 2 letters.
==1-y==
==1-y==
===''faȝāl''===
===''φaȝāl''===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
|+ ''yabā́s'' 'he was dry'
|+ ''yabā́s'' 'he was dry'
Line 102: Line 102:


==1-w==
==1-w==
===''faȝāl''===
===''φaȝāl''===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
|+ ''waθā́r'' 'he remained'
|+ ''waθā́r'' 'he remained'
Line 197: Line 197:
! verbal noun
! verbal noun
|colspan=10| ''wiθė́r''
|colspan=10| ''wiθė́r''
|}
===''nuφȝāl''===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
|+ ''nūrā́š'' 'it was inherited'
! style=""| → Person<br/>↓ Tense
! style="" | 1sg
! style="" | 2sg.m
! style="" | 2sg.f
! style="" | 3sg.m
! style="" | 3sg.f
! style="" | 1pl
! style="" | 2pl.m
! style="" | 2pl.f
! style="" | 3pl.m
! style="" | 3pl.f
|-
! past
| ''nūrášθī''
| ''nūrášθa''
| ''nūrášθe''
| ''nūrā́š''
| ''nūrā́šaθ''
| ''nūrášnė''
| ''nūrášθum''
| ''nūrášθin''
| ''nūrā́šū''
| ''nūrášna''
|-
! present
| ''ʔuwwėrā́š''
| ''θuwwėrā́š''
| ''θuwwėrā́šī''
| ''yuwwėrā́š''
| ''yuwwėrā́šī''
| ''nuwwėrā́š''
| ''θuwwėrā́šū''
| ''θuwwėrášna''
| ''yuwwėrā́šū''
| ''yuwwėrášna''
|-
! future
| ''ʔuwwarā́š''
| ''θuwwarā́š''
| ''θuwwarā́šī''
| ''yuwwarā́š''
| ''yuwwarā́šī''
| ''nuwwarā́š''
| ''θuwwarā́šū''
| ''θuwwarášna''
| ''yuwwarā́šū''
| ''yuwwarášna''
|-
! optative
| ''ʔuwwarašanna''
| ''θuwwarašanna''
| ''θuwwarašínna''
| ''yuwwarašánna''
| ''yuwwarašínna''
| ''nuwwarašanna''
| ''θuwwarašúnna''
| ''θuwwarašnánna''
| ''yuwwarašúnna''
| ''yuwwarašnánna''
|-
! jussive
| ''ʔúwwaraš''
| ''θúwwaraš''
| ''θúwwarašī''
| ''yúwwaraš''
| ''yúwwarašī''
| ''núwwaraš''
| ''θúwwarašū''
| ''θúwwarašna''
| ''yúwwarašū''
| ''yúwwarašna''
|-
! imperative
| ''-''
| ''huwwarā́š!''
| ''huwwarā́šī!''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''huwwarā́šū!''
| ''huwwarášna!''
| ''-''
| ''-''
|-
! participle
|colspan=10| ''muwwarā́š''
|-
! verbal noun
|colspan=10| ''nūrė́š''
|}
|}


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This irregularity can affect verbs up to the second consonant.
This irregularity can affect verbs up to the second consonant.


This creates some binyan ambiguity: ''nužžā́r'' may be the passive of ''nažā́r'' or the passive of ''nažžḗr''.
This creates some binyan ambiguity: ''nujjā́r'' may be the passive of the ''φa3āl'' stem ''najā́r'' or the passive of the ''φa33ēl'' stem ''najjḗr''. Such verbs often would take both paradigms freely.
===''faȝāl''===
 
Examples: ''naφāl'' 'he fell'; ''najār'' 'he guarded'
===''φaȝāl''===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
|+ ''nažā́r'' 'he guarded, he watched, he kept'
|+ ''najā́r'' 'he guarded, he watched, he kept'
! style=""| → Person<br/>↓ Tense
! style=""| → Person<br/>↓ Tense
! style="" | 1sg
! style="" | 1sg
Line 219: Line 315:
|-
|-
! past
! past
| ''nažárθī''
| ''najárθī''
| ''nažárθa''
| ''najárθa''
| ''nažárθe''
| ''najárθe''
| ''nažā́r''  
| ''najā́r''  
| ''nažā́raθ''  
| ''najā́raθ''  
| ''nažárnė''
| ''najárnė''
| ''nažárθum''  
| ''najárθum''  
| ''nažárθin''  
| ''najárθin''  
| ''nažā́rū''  
| ''najā́rū''  
| ''nažárna''
| ''najárna''
|-
|-
! present
! present
| ''ʔanėžṓr''
| ''ʔanėjṓr''
| ''θanėžṓr''
| ''θanėjṓr''
| ''θanėžṓrī''
| ''θanėjṓrī''
| ''yanėžṓr''
| ''yanėjṓr''
| ''yanėžṓrī''
| ''yanėjṓrī''
| ''nanėžṓr''
| ''nanėjṓr''
| ''θanėžṓrū''
| ''θanėjṓrū''
| ''θanėžúrna''
| ''θanėjúrna''
| ''yanėžṓrū''
| ''yanėjṓrū''
| ''yanėžúrna''
| ''yanėjúrna''
|-
|-
! future
! future
| ''ʔažžṓr''
| ''ʔajjṓr''
| ''θažžṓr''
| ''θajjṓr''
| ''θažžṓrī''
| ''θajjṓrī''
| ''yažžṓr''
| ''yajjṓr''
| ''yažžṓrī''
| ''yajjṓrī''
| ''nažžṓr''
| ''najjṓr''
| ''θažžṓrū''
| ''θajjṓrū''
| ''θažžúrna''
| ''θajjúrna''
| ''yažžṓrū''
| ''yajjṓrū''
| ''yažžúrna''
| ''yajjúrna''
|-
|-
! optative
! optative
| ''ʔažžuránna''
| ''ʔajjuránna''
| ''θažžuránna''
| ''θajjuránna''
| ''θažžurī́nna''
| ''θajjurī́nna''
| ''yažžuránna''
| ''yajjuránna''
| ''yažžurī́nna''
| ''yajjurī́nna''
| ''nažžuránna''
| ''najjuránna''
| ''θažžurū́nna''
| ''θajjurū́nna''
| ''θažžurnánna''
| ''θajjurnánna''
| ''yažžurū́nna''
| ''yajjurū́nna''
| ''yažžurnánna''
| ''yajjurnánna''
|-
|-
! jussive
! jussive
| ''ʔážžur''
| ''ʔájjur''
| ''θážžur''
| ''θájjur''
| ''θážžurī''
| ''θájjurī''
| ''yážžur''
| ''yájjur''
| ''yážžurī''
| ''yájjurī''
| ''nážžur''
| ''nájjur''
| ''θážžurū''
| ''θájjurū''
| ''θážžurna''
| ''θájjurna''
| ''yážžurū''
| ''yájjurū''
| ''yažžurna''
| ''yajjurna''
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''žōr!''
| ''jōr!''
| ''žṓrī!''
| ''jṓrī!''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''žṓrū!''
| ''jṓrū!''
| ''žúrna!''
| ''júrna!''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
|-
|-
! active participle
! active participle
|colspan=10| ''nėžḗr''
|colspan=10| ''nėjḗr''
|-
|-
! passive participle
! passive participle
|colspan=10| ''mažžū́r''
|colspan=10| ''najū́r''
|-
|-
! verbal noun
! verbal noun
|colspan=10| ''nižė́r''
|colspan=10| ''nijė́r''
|}
|}


===''nufȝāl''===
===''nuφȝāl''===
===''hafȝēl''===
===''haφȝēl''===
===''hufȝāl''===
===''huφȝāl''===
===''heθφaȝāl''===
===''heθφaȝāl''===
===''niθφuȝāl''===
===''niθφuȝāl''===
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-ā/a- instead of -ō/u- before C3 in prefix conjugation
-ā/a- instead of -ō/u- before C3 in prefix conjugation
===''faȝāl''===
===''φaȝāl''===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
|+ ''taȝā́m'' 'he chose'
|+ ''taȝā́m'' 'he chose'
Line 412: Line 508:
==3-y==
==3-y==
These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ė'' from ''*-aya'' and ''-ē'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iyu''. A lot of analogy has taken place in this gizra, as in Hebrew. Dialectal variation poses additional complexity, with forms ''yabnė́, yabnā́yī, yabnā́yū, yabnáyna'' being used for ''yabnḗ, yabnī́, yabnū́, yabnḗna'' in some dialects.
These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ė'' from ''*-aya'' and ''-ē'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iyu''. A lot of analogy has taken place in this gizra, as in Hebrew. Dialectal variation poses additional complexity, with forms ''yabnė́, yabnā́yī, yabnā́yū, yabnáyna'' being used for ''yabnḗ, yabnī́, yabnū́, yabnḗna'' in some dialects.
===''faȝāl''===
===''φaȝāl''===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
|+ ''banė́'' 'he built'
|+ ''banė́'' 'he built'
Line 503: Line 599:
|-
|-
! passive participle
! passive participle
|colspan=10| ''mabnū́y''
|colspan=10| ''banū́y''
|-
|-
! verbal noun
! verbal noun
Line 509: Line 605:
|}
|}


===''nufȝāl''===
===''nuφȝāl''===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
|+ ''nubnė́'' 'it was built'
|+ ''nubnė́'' 'it was built'
Line 603: Line 699:
|}
|}


===''faȝȝēl''===
===''φaȝȝēl''===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
|+ ''dammė́'' 'he likened, he modeled (sth after sth)'
|+ ''dammė́'' 'he likened, he modeled (sth after sth)'
Line 786: Line 882:
==3-w==
==3-w==
These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ȯ'' from ''*-awa'' and ''-ū'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iwu''.
These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ȯ'' from ''*-awa'' and ''-ū'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iwu''.
===''faȝāl''===
===''φaȝāl''===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
|+ ''manȯ́'' 'he counted'
|+ ''manȯ́'' 'he counted'
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