Togarmite/Old/Gzarot: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 * the consonantal root has 2 letters.
 ==1-y==
-===''faȝāl''===
+===''φaȝāl''===
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
 |+ ''yabā́s'' 'he was dry'
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 ==1-w==
-===''faȝāl''===
+===''φaȝāl''===
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
 |+ ''waθā́r'' 'he remained'
@@ Line 199: / Line 199: @@
 |}
-===''nufȝāl''===
+===''nuφȝāl''===
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
 |+ ''nūrā́š'' 'it was inherited'
@@ Line 296: / Line 296: @@
 This irregularity can affect verbs up to the second consonant.
-This creates some binyan ambiguity: ''nužžā́r'' may be the passive of ''nažā́r'' or the passive of ''nažžḗr''.
+This creates some binyan ambiguity: ''nujjā́r'' may be the passive of the ''φa3āl'' stem ''najā́r'' or the passive of the ''φa33ēl'' stem ''najjḗr''. Such verbs often would take both paradigms freely.
-===''faȝāl''===
+Examples: ''naφāl'' 'he fell'; ''najār'' 'he guarded'
+===''φaȝāl''===
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
-|+ ''nažā́r'' 'he guarded, he watched, he kept'
+|+ ''najā́r'' 'he guarded, he watched, he kept'
 ! style=""| → Person<br/>↓ Tense
 ! style="" | 1sg
@@ Line 313: / Line 315: @@
 |-
 ! past
-| ''nažárθī''
+| ''najárθī''
-| ''nažárθa''
+| ''najárθa''
-| ''nažárθe''
+| ''najárθe''
-| ''nažā́r''
+| ''najā́r''
-| ''nažā́raθ''
+| ''najā́raθ''
-| ''nažárnė''
+| ''najárnė''
-| ''nažárθum''
+| ''najárθum''
-| ''nažárθin''
+| ''najárθin''
-| ''nažā́rū''
+| ''najā́rū''
-| ''nažárna''
+| ''najárna''
 |-
 ! present
-| ''ʔanėžṓr''
+| ''ʔanėjṓr''
-| ''θanėžṓr''
+| ''θanėjṓr''
-| ''θanėžṓrī''
+| ''θanėjṓrī''
-| ''yanėžṓr''
+| ''yanėjṓr''
-| ''yanėžṓrī''
+| ''yanėjṓrī''
-| ''nanėžṓr''
+| ''nanėjṓr''
-| ''θanėžṓrū''
+| ''θanėjṓrū''
-| ''θanėžúrna''
+| ''θanėjúrna''
-| ''yanėžṓrū''
+| ''yanėjṓrū''
-| ''yanėžúrna''
+| ''yanėjúrna''
 |-
 ! future
-| ''ʔažžṓr''
+| ''ʔajjṓr''
-| ''θažžṓr''
+| ''θajjṓr''
-| ''θažžṓrī''
+| ''θajjṓrī''
-| ''yažžṓr''
+| ''yajjṓr''
-| ''yažžṓrī''
+| ''yajjṓrī''
-| ''nažžṓr''
+| ''najjṓr''
-| ''θažžṓrū''
+| ''θajjṓrū''
-| ''θažžúrna''
+| ''θajjúrna''
-| ''yažžṓrū''
+| ''yajjṓrū''
-| ''yažžúrna''
+| ''yajjúrna''
 |-
 ! optative
-| ''ʔažžuránna''
+| ''ʔajjuránna''
-| ''θažžuránna''
+| ''θajjuránna''
-| ''θažžurī́nna''
+| ''θajjurī́nna''
-| ''yažžuránna''
+| ''yajjuránna''
-| ''yažžurī́nna''
+| ''yajjurī́nna''
-| ''nažžuránna''
+| ''najjuránna''
-| ''θažžurū́nna''
+| ''θajjurū́nna''
-| ''θažžurnánna''
+| ''θajjurnánna''
-| ''yažžurū́nna''
+| ''yajjurū́nna''
-| ''yažžurnánna''
+| ''yajjurnánna''
 |-
 ! jussive
-| ''ʔážžur''
+| ''ʔájjur''
-| ''θážžur''
+| ''θájjur''
-| ''θážžurī''
+| ''θájjurī''
-| ''yážžur''
+| ''yájjur''
-| ''yážžurī''
+| ''yájjurī''
-| ''nážžur''
+| ''nájjur''
-| ''θážžurū''
+| ''θájjurū''
-| ''θážžurna''
+| ''θájjurna''
-| ''yážžurū''
+| ''yájjurū''
-| ''yažžurna''
+| ''yajjurna''
 |-
 ! imperative
 | ''-''
-| ''žōr!''
+| ''jōr!''
-| ''žṓrī!''
+| ''jṓrī!''
 | ''-''
 | ''-''
 | ''-''
-| ''žṓrū!''
+| ''jṓrū!''
-| ''žúrna!''
+| ''júrna!''
 | ''-''
 | ''-''
 |-
 ! active participle
-|colspan=10| ''nėžḗr''
+|colspan=10| ''nėjḗr''
 |-
 ! passive participle
-|colspan=10| ''mažžū́r''
+|colspan=10| ''najū́r''
 |-
 ! verbal noun
-|colspan=10| ''nižė́r''
+|colspan=10| ''nijė́r''
 |}
-===''nufȝāl''===
+===''nuφȝāl''===
-===''hafȝēl''===
+===''haφȝēl''===
-===''hufȝāl''===
+===''huφȝāl''===
 ===''heθφaȝāl''===
 ===''niθφuȝāl''===
@@ Line 407: / Line 409: @@
 -ā/a- instead of -ō/u- before C3 in prefix conjugation
-===''faȝāl''===
+===''φaȝāl''===
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
 |+ ''taȝā́m'' 'he chose'
@@ Line 506: / Line 508: @@
 ==3-y==
 These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ė'' from ''*-aya'' and ''-ē'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iyu''. A lot of analogy has taken place in this gizra, as in Hebrew. Dialectal variation poses additional complexity, with forms ''yabnė́, yabnā́yī, yabnā́yū, yabnáyna'' being used for ''yabnḗ, yabnī́, yabnū́, yabnḗna'' in some dialects.
-===''faȝāl''===
+===''φaȝāl''===
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
 |+ ''banė́'' 'he built'
@@ Line 603: / Line 605: @@
 |}
-===''nufȝāl''===
+===''nuφȝāl''===
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
 |+ ''nubnė́'' 'it was built'
@@ Line 697: / Line 699: @@
 |}
-===''faȝȝēl''===
+===''φaȝȝēl''===
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
 |+ ''dammė́'' 'he likened, he modeled (sth after sth)'
@@ Line 880: / Line 882: @@
 ==3-w==
 These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ȯ'' from ''*-awa'' and ''-ū'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iwu''.
-===''faȝāl''===
+===''φaȝāl''===
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;"
 |+ ''manȯ́'' 'he counted'