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This irregularity can affect verbs up to the second consonant. | This irregularity can affect verbs up to the second consonant. | ||
This creates some binyan ambiguity: '' | This creates some binyan ambiguity: ''nujjā́r'' may be the passive of the ''φa3āl'' stem ''najā́r'' or the passive of the ''φa33ēl'' stem ''najjḗr''. Such verbs often would take both paradigms freely. | ||
Examples: ''naφāl'' 'he fell'; ''najār'' 'he guarded' | |||
===''φaȝāl''=== | ===''φaȝāl''=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '' | |+ ''najā́r'' 'he guarded, he watched, he kept' | ||
! style=""| → Person<br/>↓ Tense | ! style=""| → Person<br/>↓ Tense | ||
! style="" | 1sg | ! style="" | 1sg | ||
Line 313: | Line 315: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! past | ! past | ||
| '' | | ''najárθī'' | ||
| '' | | ''najárθa'' | ||
| '' | | ''najárθe'' | ||
| '' | | ''najā́r'' | ||
| '' | | ''najā́raθ'' | ||
| '' | | ''najárnė'' | ||
| '' | | ''najárθum'' | ||
| '' | | ''najárθin'' | ||
| '' | | ''najā́rū'' | ||
| '' | | ''najárna'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! present | ! present | ||
| '' | | ''ʔanėjṓr'' | ||
| '' | | ''θanėjṓr'' | ||
| '' | | ''θanėjṓrī'' | ||
| '' | | ''yanėjṓr'' | ||
| '' | | ''yanėjṓrī'' | ||
| '' | | ''nanėjṓr'' | ||
| '' | | ''θanėjṓrū'' | ||
| '' | | ''θanėjúrna'' | ||
| '' | | ''yanėjṓrū'' | ||
| '' | | ''yanėjúrna'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! future | ! future | ||
| '' | | ''ʔajjṓr'' | ||
| '' | | ''θajjṓr'' | ||
| '' | | ''θajjṓrī'' | ||
| '' | | ''yajjṓr'' | ||
| '' | | ''yajjṓrī'' | ||
| '' | | ''najjṓr'' | ||
| '' | | ''θajjṓrū'' | ||
| '' | | ''θajjúrna'' | ||
| '' | | ''yajjṓrū'' | ||
| '' | | ''yajjúrna'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! optative | ! optative | ||
| '' | | ''ʔajjuránna'' | ||
| '' | | ''θajjuránna'' | ||
| '' | | ''θajjurī́nna'' | ||
| '' | | ''yajjuránna'' | ||
| '' | | ''yajjurī́nna'' | ||
| '' | | ''najjuránna'' | ||
| '' | | ''θajjurū́nna'' | ||
| '' | | ''θajjurnánna'' | ||
| '' | | ''yajjurū́nna'' | ||
| '' | | ''yajjurnánna'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! jussive | ! jussive | ||
| '' | | ''ʔájjur'' | ||
| '' | | ''θájjur'' | ||
| '' | | ''θájjurī'' | ||
| '' | | ''yájjur'' | ||
| '' | | ''yájjurī'' | ||
| '' | | ''nájjur'' | ||
| '' | | ''θájjurū'' | ||
| '' | | ''θájjurna'' | ||
| '' | | ''yájjurū'' | ||
| '' | | ''yajjurna'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! imperative | ! imperative | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| '' | | ''jōr!'' | ||
| '' | | ''jṓrī!'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| '' | | ''jṓrū!'' | ||
| '' | | ''júrna!'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! active participle | ! active participle | ||
|colspan=10| '' | |colspan=10| ''nėjḗr'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! passive participle | ! passive participle | ||
|colspan=10| '' | |colspan=10| ''najū́r'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! verbal noun | ! verbal noun | ||
|colspan=10| '' | |colspan=10| ''nijė́r'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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-ā/a- instead of -ō/u- before C3 in prefix conjugation | -ā/a- instead of -ō/u- before C3 in prefix conjugation | ||
==='' | ===''φaȝāl''=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ ''taȝā́m'' 'he chose' | |+ ''taȝā́m'' 'he chose' | ||
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==3-y== | ==3-y== | ||
These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ė'' from ''*-aya'' and ''-ē'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iyu''. A lot of analogy has taken place in this gizra, as in Hebrew. Dialectal variation poses additional complexity, with forms ''yabnė́, yabnā́yī, yabnā́yū, yabnáyna'' being used for ''yabnḗ, yabnī́, yabnū́, yabnḗna'' in some dialects. | These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ė'' from ''*-aya'' and ''-ē'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iyu''. A lot of analogy has taken place in this gizra, as in Hebrew. Dialectal variation poses additional complexity, with forms ''yabnė́, yabnā́yī, yabnā́yū, yabnáyna'' being used for ''yabnḗ, yabnī́, yabnū́, yabnḗna'' in some dialects. | ||
==='' | ===''φaȝāl''=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ ''banė́'' 'he built' | |+ ''banė́'' 'he built' | ||
Line 603: | Line 605: | ||
|} | |} | ||
==='' | ===''nuφȝāl''=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ ''nubnė́'' 'it was built' | |+ ''nubnė́'' 'it was built' | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==='' | ===''φaȝȝēl''=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ ''dammė́'' 'he likened, he modeled (sth after sth)' | |+ ''dammė́'' 'he likened, he modeled (sth after sth)' | ||
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==3-w== | ==3-w== | ||
These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ȯ'' from ''*-awa'' and ''-ū'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iwu''. | These verbs have 3sg.m past ''-ȯ'' from ''*-awa'' and ''-ū'' without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from ''*-iwu''. | ||
==='' | ===''φaȝāl''=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:1000px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ ''manȯ́'' 'he counted' | |+ ''manȯ́'' 'he counted' |
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