Oseliska: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(8 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''L-Norwegian''' is a Finnic language spoken in [[User:IlL/Lõis]]'s Norway.


<!--
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
-->
==Introduction==
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
<!-- Example categories/headings:
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
-->
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
-->
==Phonology==
All letters are pronounced as in Finnish except '''d''' which is pronounced /ð/, '''ë''' pronounced /ə/, '''ü''' pronounced /y/ and '''ie, uo, üö''' pronounced /iə, uə, yə/.
Stress is always on the first syllable.
===Vowel harmony===
'''a, o, u''' are back; '''ä, ö, ü, e''' are front; '''ë, i''' are neutral.
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
L-Norwegian has 14 cases. Nouns have five stems, the nominative, genitive, partitive, dative and partitive plural.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Nominative || [NOM] || [GEN]-t
|-
| Genitive || [GEN]-n || [PARTPL]-tën
|-
| Partitive || [PART] || [PARTPL]-ta/tä
|-
| Illative || [GEN]-ssën, [DAT]-n || [PARTPL]-ihën
|-
| Inessive || [GEN]-ssa/-ssä || [PARTPL]-issa/issä
|-
| Elative || [GEN]-sta/-stä || [PARTPL]-ista/istä
|-
| Allative || [GEN]-llë || [PARTPL]-illë
|-
| Adessive || [GEN]-lla/-llä || [PARTPL]-illa/illä
|-
| Ablative || [GEN]-lta/-ltä || [PARTPL]-ilta/iltä
|-
| Translative || [GEN]-ksi || [PARTPL]-iksi
|-
| Essive || [GEN]-na/-nä || [PARTPL]-ina/-inä
|-
| Abessive || [GEN]-hta/-htä || [PARTPL]-ihta/-ihtä
|-
| Comitative || [GEN]-në || [PARTPL]-inë
|-
| Instructive || [GEN]-n || [PARTPL]-in
|}
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! käsi 'hand, arm' !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Nominative || käsi || kädët
|-
| Genitive || kädën || kästën
|-
| Partitive || kättä || kästä
|-
| Illative || kädëssën, kätën || käsihën
|-
| Inessive || kädëssä || käsissä
|-
| Elative || kädëstä || käsistä
|-
| Allative || kädëllë || käsillë
|-
| Adessive || kädëllä || käsillä
|-
| Ablative || kädëltä || käsiltä
|-
| Translative || kädëksi || käsiksi
|-
| Essive || kädënä || käsinä
|-
| Abessive || kädëhtä || käsihtä
|-
| Comitative || kädënë || käsinë
|-
| Instructive || kädën || käsin
|}
===Verbs===
Verbs have four stems: the root, present stem, past stem, and the supine stem.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2| Present
!colspan=2| Past
!colspan=2| Present Conditional
|-
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1|| [PRES]-n || [PRES]-hmë || [PAST]-n || [PAST]-më || [PRES]-ksin || [PRES]-ksimë
|-
| 2|| [PRES]-t|| [PRES]-htë || [PAST]-t|| [PAST]-të || [PRES]-ksit|| [PRES]-ksitë
|-
| 3|| [PRES]-p|| [PRES]-vat/vät || [PAST]|| [PAST]-t || [PRES]-ksi || [PRES]-ksit
|}
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=7|''laulla'' 'to sing'
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2| Present
!colspan=2| Past
!colspan=2| Present Conditional
|-
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1|| laulan || laulahmë || laulin || laulimë || laulaksin || laulaksimë
|-
| 2|| laulat|| laulahtë || laulit|| laulitë || laulaksit|| laulaksitë
|-
| 3|| laulap|| laulavat || lauli|| laulit || laulaksi || laulaksit
|}
====Non-finite forms====
* Present active participle: [PRES]-va/-vä
* Past active participle: [ROOT]-nut/-nüt
* Past passive participle: [ROOT]-tu/-tü
* Supine: [SUP]-ma/mä
* Action noun: [SUP]-minën (gen. stem -misë-, part. -mista/-mistä, part. plur. stem -mis-)
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
==Numbers==
üksi, kaksi, kolmë, neljä, viisi, kuusi, säitsën, kahtëksa, ühtëksa, kümmën, üksitëis, kaksitëis, ..., kaksikümmëntä, ..., sata, ..., tuhat
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Template area -->


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
[[Category:Stem-Germanic]]

Latest revision as of 22:51, 7 January 2020

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Oseliska&oldid=180179"