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Proto-Dynic: Difference between revisions
→Conjugation
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The marked conclusive form may be dropped and the bare stem used to signify a conclusive meaning before a pausa. | The marked conclusive form may be dropped and the bare stem used to signify a conclusive meaning before a pausa. | ||
==== Auxiliary verbs ==== | |||
* '''''*dəsu''''': (''perfective aspect • emphatic'') Attaches to the infinitive form of a verb. | |||
* '''''*dəiarusu''''': (''perfective aspect • continuing importance'') Attaches to the infinitive form of a verb. Formed of ''*dəsu'' + the copula ''*arusu''. | |||
* '''''*nusu''''': (''negative'') Attaches to the irrealis form of a verb. Irregular stem; ''*n-'' in the irrealis, infinitive, conclusive, and imperative and ''*s-'' adnominal and realis; e.g. ''*daŋʷáenusu'' ('they do not sing') vs. ''*daŋʷáesu'' ('the one(s) that do not sing'). | |||
* '''''*nəsu''''': (''perfective aspect • emphatic'') Attaches to the infinitive form of a verb. | |||
* '''''*kusu''''': (''past tense'') Attaches to the infinitive form of a verb. Irregular stem; ''*k-'' in the irrealis, infinitive, conclusive, and imperative and ''*ŋ-'' adnominal and realis; e.g. ''*daŋʷáikusu'' ('they sang') vs. ''*daŋʷáiŋu'' ('the one(s) that sang'). | |||
* '''''*kiarusu''''': (''reported past • hearsay • narrative tense'') Attaches to the infinitive form of a verb. Formed of ''*kusu'' + the copula ''*arusu''. | |||
=== Reduplication === | === Reduplication === | ||