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Tevrés is a [[w:Isochrony#Syllable timing|syllable-timed language]] with [[w:Stress (linguistics)#Phonemic stress|phonemic stress]].  This means that each syllable takes approximately the same amount of time, stressed or unstressed, vowels do not reduce in unstressed syllables, and that stress cannot be determined purely by phonological rules.  However, stress does follow a few basic rules;  
Tevrés is a [[w:Isochrony#Syllable timing|syllable-timed language]] with [[w:Stress (linguistics)#Phonemic stress|phonemic stress]].  This means that each syllable takes approximately the same amount of time, stressed or unstressed, vowels do not reduce in unstressed syllables, and that stress cannot be determined purely by phonological rules.  However, stress does follow a few basic rules;  
* If a polysyllabic word ends in a vowel or the consonants ''s'' or ''n'', the penultimate syllable is stressed; e.g. ''ve'''jar'''te'', ''morra'''jo'''ten''.  
* If a polysyllabic word ends in a vowel or the consonants ''s'' or ''n'', the penultimate syllable is stressed; e.g. ''ve'''jar'''te'', ''morra'''jo'''ten''.  
* If a polysyllabic word ends in any other consonants, the ultimate syllable is stressed; e.g. ''çi'''dej''''', ''sar'''cad'''''.
* If a polysyllabic word ends in any other consonants, the ultimate syllable is stressed; e.g. ''zi'''dej''''', ''sar'''cad'''''.
Stress in words that do not conform to these rules is indicated with an acute accent (e.g. ''ha'''rín''''').  Often these words descend from regular penultimately stressed words that lost a final ''e'' after a sonorant (e.g. ''ha'''rín''''' from old ''ha'''ri'''ne'', ''Tev'''rés''''' from old ''Tev'''re'''sse''), or from loanwords or learned Aeranisms (e.g. '''''Fá'''çar'' from ''Faṣr'', '''''á'''pico'' from ''apicor'').  Sometimes, stress can have grammatical meaning, such as '''''lla'''vo'' ('I laugh') versus ''lla'''vó''''' ('I laughed').
Stress in words that do not conform to these rules is indicated with an acute accent (e.g. ''ha'''rín''''').  Often these words descend from regular penultimately stressed words that lost a final ''e'' after a sonorant (e.g. ''ha'''rín''''' from old ''ha'''ri'''ne'', ''Tev'''rés''''' from old ''Tev'''re'''sse''), or from loanwords or learned Aeranisms (e.g. '''''Fá'''çar'' from ''Faṣr'', '''''á'''pico'' from ''apicor'').  Sometimes, stress can have grammatical meaning, such as '''''lla'''vo'' ('I laugh') versus ''lla'''vó''''' ('I laughed').


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| {{IPA-all|z̻|}}
| {{IPA-all|z̻|}}
| {{IPA-all|ð|}}
| {{IPA-all|ð|}}
| ''colezos'' ('counties')
| ''corezos'' ('counties')
! ł**
! ł**
| {{IPA-all|ɮ|}}
| {{IPA-all|ɮ|}}
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:{{interlinear | box = yes
:{{interlinear | box = yes
| uy cueles llavas
| uy cueres llavas
| DEF-T.DIR.SG count-DIR.SG laugh-IPFV.3SG.T
| DEF-T.DIR.SG count-DIR.SG laugh-IPFV.3SG.T
|'The count is laughing'}}
|'The count is laughing'}}
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:{{interlinear | box = yes
:{{interlinear | box = yes
| uy vuestre çón priezon llo riel
| uy vuestre zón priezon llo riel
| DEF-T.DIR.SG elder-DIR.SG give-PFV.3PL pen-ACC.PL DEF-T.ACC.SG child-ACC.SG
| DEF-T.DIR.SG elder-DIR.SG give-PFV.3PL pen-ACC.PL DEF-T.ACC.SG child-ACC.SG
|'The elder gave the child some pens'}}
|'The elder gave the child some pens'}}
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| ''harena-'''el'''-vuestre''<br>a letter from the elder
| ''harena-'''el'''-vuestre''<br>a letter from the elder
|-
|-
| ''uy-vies-uy-cueles''<br>the count's law
| ''uy-vies-uy-cueres''<br>the count's law
| ''uy-vies-'''al'''-cueles''<br>the law which governs the count
| ''uy-vies-'''al'''-cueres''<br>the law which governs the count
| ''uy-vies-'''el'''-cueles''<br> the law the count creates
| ''uy-vies-'''el'''-cueres''<br> the law the count creates
|-
|-
| ''lla-rentaga-uy-mader''<br>the council's ruler
| ''lla-rentaga-uy-mader''<br>the council's ruler
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:{{interlinear | box = yes
:{{interlinear | box = yes
| llo soriejo a-hego çi garinos
| llo soriejo a-hego zi garinos
| DEF-T.ACC.SG wardrobe-ACC.SG BEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>make-NOM.1SG REFL-DIR friend-IND.PL
| DEF-T.ACC.SG wardrobe-ACC.SG BEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>make-NOM.1SG REFL-DIR friend-IND.PL
|'I am making a wardrobe for my friends'
|'I am making a wardrobe for my friends'
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:{{interlinear | box = yes
:{{interlinear | box = yes
| tan en-cares juina çi combre
| tan en-cares juina zi combre
| but LOC<nowiki>=</nowiki>dance-T.3SG Juina-DIR.SG REFL-DIR home-ACC.SG
| but LOC<nowiki>=</nowiki>dance-T.3SG Juina-DIR.SG REFL-DIR home-ACC.SG
|'Juina only dances in their own home'}}
|'Juina only dances in their own home'}}


:{{interlinear | box = yes
:{{interlinear | box = yes
| avron en-canta llan çellan lla yumas
| avron en-canta llan zellan lla yumas
| fish-ACC.PL LOC<nowiki>=</nowiki>feed-C.3SG DEF-C.ACC.PL cat-ACC.PL DEF-C.ACC.SG garden-ACC.SG
| fish-ACC.PL LOC<nowiki>=</nowiki>feed-C.3SG DEF-C.ACC.PL cat-ACC.PL DEF-C.ACC.SG garden-ACC.SG
|'They feed the cats fish in the garden'}}
|'They feed the cats fish in the garden'}}
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:{{interlinear | box = yes
:{{interlinear | box = yes
| lla cossa cañiólam y tanton
| lla cossa cañiólam tantos
| DEF-T.IND.SG bear-IND.SG eat-ERG.1PL MAL all-T.ACC.PL
| DEF-T.IND.SG bear-IND.SG eat-ERG.1PL all-T.DIR.PL
|'The bear ate all of us'
|'The bear ate all of us'
}}
}}
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===Articles===
===Articles===
==== Definite article ====
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"
|+Definite article  
|+Definite article  
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! scope="col" | Plural
! scope="col" | Plural
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | direct-Genitive
! scope="row" | Direct-Genitive
| ''ul/uy''
| ''ul/uy''
| ''llos''
| ''llos''
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| ''llas''
| ''llas''
|}
|}
==== Indefinite article ====
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"
|+Indefinite article
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | temporary
! colspan="2" | cyclical
|-
! scope="col" | Singular
! scope="col" | Plural
! scope="col" | Singular
! scope="col" | Plural
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | Direct-Genitive
| ''as''
| ''aros''
| rowspan="3" | ''ara''
| ''aras''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | Dative-Accusative
| rowspan="2" | ''ar''
| ''aren''
| ''aran''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | Ergative-Ablative
| ''ares''
| ''aras''
|}
In addition to the definite article, Tevrés also boasts an indefinite article.  The Tevrés indefinite article carries a stronger meaning that English ''a/an'', and may better be translated as 'some' or 'someones.'  The Tevrés equivalent of ''a/an'' is usually simply the bare noun, e.g. '''''lla zella''''' ('the cat') vs. '''''zella''''' ('a cat') vs. '''''ara zella''''' ('some cat').  The indefinite article can also be used to convey the meaning 'someone's' or 'someone else's,' or to talk about things that are general, or public.
:{{interlinear|box=yes
| miré zi zierve ara zear en-hordir
| NEG<nowiki>=</nowiki>do-IMP REFL-DIR body-ACC.SG INDEF-C.IND.SG affairs-IND.SG LOC<nowiki>=</nowiki>put-INF
| 'Don't stick yourself in other peoples' affairs.'}}
:{{interlinear|box=yes
| res co-quera ze pariña en aran oejan
| king-DIR.SG COM<nowiki>=</nowiki>bear-C.3SG REFL-ACC properly in INDEF-C.ACC.PL eye-ACC.PL
| 'A king should bear themselves properly in the eyes of the people.'}}
In older texts, or texts stylistically drawing from an older register, the oblique stem ''art-'' may be found instead of ''ar-''.  This is because the Tevrés indefinite article is derived from Aeranir ''ars, artis'' ('person').  However, its root was reformed by analogy to other words ending in ''-as'' in the direct-genitive case.


==Pronouns==
==Pronouns==
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:{{interlinear | box=yes
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| łanan çaste llos rieles ma  
| łanan zaste llos rieles ma  
| flower-ACC.PL give-NOM.2SG DEF-T.IND.PL child-IND.PL INTERR
| flower-ACC.PL give-NOM.2SG DEF-T.IND.PL child-IND.PL INTERR
| 'Will you give the children flowers?'}}  
| 'Will you give the children flowers?'}}  
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:{{interlinear | box=yes
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| ul as çava avro lla çella
| ul as zava avro lla zella
| DEF-T.DIR.SG wumbo-DIR.SG give-PST.3SG.C fish-ACC.SG DEF-C.ACC.SG cat-ACC.SG
| DEF-T.DIR.SG wumbo-DIR.SG give-PST.3SG.C fish-ACC.SG DEF-C.ACC.SG cat-ACC.SG
| 'The man gave the cat a fish'}}
| 'The man gave the cat a fish'}}
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:{{interlinear | box=yes
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| nen çiso
| nen ziso
| 2SG.PRO-IND know-NOM.1SG
| 2SG.PRO-IND know-NOM.1SG
| 'I know you'}}
| 'I know you'}}
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:{{interlinear | box=yes
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| vejarten serquió çi garina
| vejarten serquió zi garina
| story-ACC.PL tell-NOM.1SG REFL-DIR friend-IND
| story-ACC.PL tell-NOM.1SG REFL-DIR friend-IND
| 'I told my friend stories'}}
| 'I told my friend stories'}}


:{{interlinear | box=yes
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| vejarten serquiol çi garina
| vejarten serquiol zi garina
| story-ACC.PL tell-ERG.1SG REFL-DIR friend-IND
| story-ACC.PL tell-ERG.1SG REFL-DIR friend-IND
| 'My friend told me stories'}}
| 'My friend told me stories'}}


:{{interlinear | box=yes
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| vejarten serquiós çi garino
| vejarten serquiós zi garino
| story-ACC.PL tell-T.3SG REFL-DIR friend-ACC
| story-ACC.PL tell-T.3SG REFL-DIR friend-ACC
| 'They told their friend stories'}}
| 'They told their friend stories'}}
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! Non-past
! Non-past
| ''-o''<br>''-o''<br>''-o''
| ''-o''<br>''-o''<br>''-o''
| ''-aste''<br>''-iste''<br>''-este''
| ''-ás''<br>''-ís''<br>''-és''
| ''-al''<br>''-el''<br>''-el''
| ''-al''<br>''-el''<br>''-el''
| ''-alas''<br>''-elas''<br>''-elas''
| ''-alas''<br>''-elas''<br>''-elas''
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! Past regular
! Past regular
| ''-ó''<br>''-ió''<br>''-ió''
| ''-ó''<br>''-ió''<br>''-ió''
| ''-oste''<br>''-ioste''<br>''-ioste''
| ''-ós''<br>''-iós''<br>''-iós''
| ''-ol''<br>''-iol''<br>''-iol''
| ''-ol''<br>''-iol''<br>''-iol''
| ''-olas''<br>''-iolas''<br>''-iolas''
| ''-olas''<br>''-iolas''<br>''-iolas''
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! Past irregular
! Past irregular
| ''-o''
| ''-o''
| ''-este''
| ''-és''
| ''-el''
| ''-el''
| ''-elas''
| ''-elas''
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! Non-past
! Non-past
| ''-o''<br>''-o''<br>''-o''
| ''-o''<br>''-o''<br>''-o''
| ''-aste''<br>''-iste''<br>''-este''
| ''-ás''<br>''-ís''<br>''-és''
| ''-as''<br>''-es''<br>''-es''
| ''-as''<br>''-es''<br>''-es''
| ''-a''<br>''-a''<br>''-a''
| ''-a''<br>''-a''<br>''-a''
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! Past regular
! Past regular
| ''-ó''<br>''-ió''<br>''-ió''
| ''-ó''<br>''-ió''<br>''-ió''
| ''-oste''<br>''-ioste''<br>''-ioste''
| ''-ós''<br>''-iós''<br>''-iós''
| ''-ós''<br>''-iós''<br>''-iós''
| ''-ós''<br>''-iós''<br>''-iós''
| ''-á''<br>''-iá''<br>''-iá''
| ''-á''<br>''-iá''<br>''-iá''
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! Past irregular
! Past irregular
| ''-o''
| ''-o''
| ''-este''
| ''-és''
| ''-es''
| ''-es''
| ''-a''
| ''-a''
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:{{interlinear | box=yes
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| uy paño os-res llo cote seud  
| uy paño os-res llo cuerte seud  
| DEF-T.DIR.SG guard-DIR.SG GEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>king-DIR.SG DEF-T.ACC.SG count-ACC.SG kill-PST.PTCP-T.DIR.SG
| DEF-T.DIR.SG guard-DIR.SG GEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>king-DIR.SG DEF-T.ACC.SG count-ACC.SG kill-PST.PTCP-T.DIR.SG
| 'the guard whose king killed the count'}}
| 'the guard whose king killed the count'}}


:{{interlinear | box=yes
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| uy paño uy res os-cote seud  
| uy paño uy res os-cuerte seud  
| DEF-T.DIR.SG guard-DIR.SG DEF-T.DIR.SG king-DIR.SG GEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>count-ACC.SG kill-PST.PTCP-T.DIR.SG
| DEF-T.DIR.SG guard-DIR.SG DEF-T.DIR.SG king-DIR.SG GEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>count-ACC.SG kill-PST.PTCP-T.DIR.SG
| 'the guard whose count the king killed'}}
| 'the guard whose count the king killed'}}
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{{interlinear | box=yes
{{interlinear | box=yes
| lla salva Moxa çi mientra y llo-sarvajo-el-cueles a-pruvida
| lla salva Moxa çi mientra y llo-sarvajo-el-cueres a-pruvida
| DEF-C.DIR.SG book-DIR.SG Moxa-DIR.SG REFL-DIR sibling-IND.SG MAL DEF-T.ACC.SG<nowiki>=</nowiki>library-ACC.SG<nowiki>=</nowiki>ABL-DEF.T.DIR.SG<nowiki>=</nowiki>count-DIR.SG BEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>steal-PST.PTCP-C.DIR.SG
| DEF-C.DIR.SG book-DIR.SG Moxa-DIR.SG REFL-DIR sibling-IND.SG MAL DEF-T.ACC.SG<nowiki>=</nowiki>library-ACC.SG<nowiki>=</nowiki>ABL-DEF.T.DIR.SG<nowiki>=</nowiki>count-DIR.SG BEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>steal-PST.PTCP-C.DIR.SG
| 'The book Moxa stole from the count's library for his sibling' }}
| 'The book Moxa stole from the count's library for his sibling' }}
== Numbers ==
{| class="wikitable"  style="display: inline-table;"
|+caption | Aeranir numbers
|-
! #
! Cardinal
! Ordinal
! Adverbial
! #
! Cardinal
! Ordinal
! Adverbial
! #
! Cardinal
! Ordinal
! Adverbial
! #
! Cardinal
! Ordinal
! Adverbial
|-
! 1
| ''im''
| ''priste''
| ''tiempre''
! 11
| ''eñintos''
| ''eñís''
| ''eñinte''
! 21
| ''callos im''
| ''calde priste''
| ''cal tiempre''
! 120
| ''ñoçallos''
| ''ñoçalde''
| ''ñoçal''
|- 
! 2
| ''ser''
| ''mezún''
| ''vires''
! 12
| ''verzintos''
| ''verzís''
| ''verzinte''
! 22
| ''callos ser''
| ''caldo mezún''
| ''cal vires''
! 140
| ''ñallos''
| ''ñalde''
| ''ñal''
|- 
! 3
| ''moros''
| ''muerte''
| ''mores''
! 13
| ''preintos''
| ''proís''
| ''preinte''
! 30
| ''callos queinços''
| ''calde quies''
| ''cal quein''
! 160
| ''ñancullos''
| ''ñancuzde''
| ''ñancul''
|- 
! 4
| ''cuałos''
| ''cual''
| ''cuaçes''
! 14
| ''cuałentos''
| ''cuałés''
| ''cuałente''
! 40
| ''vercullos''
| ''vercuzde''
| ''vercul''
! 180
| ''ñałcullos''
| ''ñałcuzde''
| ''ñałcul''
|- 
! 5
| ''quicos''
| ''quite''
| ''quigue''
! 15
| ''queintos''
| ''queís''
| ''queinte''
! 50
| ''vercullos queinços''
| ''vercuzde quies''
| ''vercul quein''
! 200
| ''tamiłłos''
| ''tamite''
| ''tamiçes''
|- 
! 6
| ''ñoços''
| ''ñoçum''
| ''ñoz''
! 16
| ''ñoçentos''
| ''ñoçés''
| ''ñoçente''
! 60
| ''prollos''
| ''prolde''
| ''prol''
! 220
| ''tamiłłos callos''
| ''tamite calde''
| ''tamiçes cal''
|- 
! 7
| ''ñayos''
| ''ñante''
| ''ñain''
! 17
| ''ñentos''
| ''ñaís''
| ''ñente''
! 70
| ''prollos queinços''
| ''prolde quies''
| ''prol quein''
! 240
| ''tamiłłos vercullos''
| ''tamite vercuzde''
| ''tamiçes vercul''
|- 
! 8
| ''ñangos''
| ''ñaguiem''
| ''ñangue''
! 18
| ''sescullos''
| ''sescuzde''
| ''sescul''
! 80
| ''cuałallos''
| ''cuałalde''
| ''cuałal''
! 260
| ''tamiłłos prollos''
| ''tamite prolde''
| ''tamiçes prol''
|- 
! 9
| ''ñałiços''
| ''ñałizte''
| ''ñałiz''
! 19
| ''imallos''
| ''imalde''
| ''imal''
! 90
| ''cuałallos queinços''
| ''cuałalde quies''
| ''cuałal quein''
! 280
| ''tamiłłos cuałallos''
| ''tamite cuałalde''
| ''tamiçes cuałal''
|- 
! 10
| ''queinços''
| ''quies''
| ''quein''
! 20
| ''callos''
| ''calde''
| ''cal''
! 100
| ''quecullos''
| ''quecuzde''
| ''quecul''
! 400
| ''miłłos''
| ''mite''
| ''miçes''
|}


==Writing System==
==Writing System==
Gaffney.flancer
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