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SamSkandinavisk pronouns: Difference between revisions

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SamSkandinavisk pronouns (view source)

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===Personal pronouns===
===Personal pronouns===
The SamSkandinavisk personal pronoun system is very similar to that of Danish, Norwegian-Bokmål and Swedish, and incidentally quite close to English. Pronouns inflect for person, number, and, in the third person singular, gender. Unlike English there is a separate third-person reflexive pronoun '''sig''' (himself, herself, itself, themselves). SamSka also keeps a distinct 2nd person singular '''du''' (you)  and '''i''' (you plural), and objective forms of these. Reflexive forms are not used for the first and second person, '''mig''' for example can mean both ''me'' or ''myself''.
The [[SamSkandinavisk]] personal pronoun system is very similar to that of Danish, Norwegian-Bokmål and Swedish, and incidentally quite close to English. Pronouns inflect for person, case, number, and, in the third person singular, gender. Unlike English there is a separate third-person reflexive pronoun '''sig''' (himself, herself, itself, themselves). SamSka also keeps a distinct 2nd person singular '''du''' (you)  and '''i''' (you plural), and objective forms of these. Reflexive forms are not used for the first and second person, '''mig''' for example can mean both ''me'' or ''myself''.


====Table of Personal pronouns====
====Table of Personal pronouns====
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| ''vi'' [viː]
| ''vi'' [viː]
| ''oss'' [ɔsː]
| ''oss'' [ɔsː]
| ''vår'' [vɔːr] / ''vårt'' [vɔʈː] / ''våre'' [ˈvɔːrə]
| ''vår'' [vɔːr] / ''vårt'' [vɔːʈ] / ''våre'' [ˈvɔːrə]
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
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| ''eders'' [ˈeːdəʂ, eːʂ]
| ''eders'' [ˈeːdəʂ, eːʂ]
|-
|-
! 3rd Masculine
! 3rd Masc.
| ''han'' [hanː]
| ''han'' [hanː]
| ''hanem'' [ˈhɑːnəm] / ''ham'' [hamː]
| ''hanem'' [ˈhɑːnəm] / ''ham'' [hamː]
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|rowspan="5"| ''deres'' [ˈdeːrəs]
|rowspan="5"| ''deres'' [ˈdeːrəs]
|-
|-
! 3rd Feminine
! 3rd Fem.
| ''hon'' [hɔnː]
| ''hon'' [hɔnː]
| ''henne'' [ˈhɛnːə]
| ''henne'' [ˈhɛnːə]
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| ''dens'' [dɛnːs]
| ''dens'' [dɛnːs]
|-
|-
! 3rd Neuter
! 3rd Neut.
| ''det'' [dɛ]
| ''det'' [dɛ]
| ''det'' [dɛ]
| ''det'' [dɛ]
| ''dets'' [dɛtːs, dɛsː]
| ''dets'' [dɛtːs, dɛsː]
|-
|-
! 3rd Impersonal
! 3rd Impers.
| ''man'' [manː]
| ''man'' [manː]
| ''—''
| ''en'' [eːn]
| ''—''
| ''ens'' [eːns]
|-
|-
! (3rd Reflexive)
! (3rd Reflex.)
| —
| —
| ''sig'' [seɪ]
| ''sig'' [seɪ]
| ''sin'' [siːn] / ''sitt'' [sɪtː] / ''sine'' [ˈsiːnə]
| ''sin'' [siːn] / ''sitt'' [sɪtː] / ''sine'' [ˈsiːnə]
! (3rd Reflexive)
! (3rd Reflex)
| —
| —
| ''sig'' [seɪ]
| ''sig'' [seɪ]
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The reflexive pronoun is used when the object or possessive is identical to the grammatical subject of the sentence: '''han kysste sin hustru'''. "he kissed his (own) wife". '''han kysste hans hustru''' "he kissed his (somebody else's) wife"
The reflexive pronoun is used when the object or possessive is identical to the grammatical subject of the sentence: '''han kysste sin hustru'''. "he kissed his (own) wife". '''han kysste hans hustru''' "he kissed his (somebody else's) wife"


'''Man''' the impersonal pronoun is used in a similar way to formal English "one", or more informally "you" or "they". It refers to no one in particular. It always uses the reflexive possessive for possessive (for logical reasons). It isn't normally used in the objective case, but constructions of '''man''' in the objective case can be done by using the passive form of verbs.
'''Man''' the impersonal pronoun is used in a similar way to formal English "one", or more informally "you" or "they". It refers people in general but to no one in particular.
 


===Interrogative Pronouns===
===Interrogative Pronouns===
hvad [xʷɑː(d)] what, whatever
'''hvad''' [ʍɑː(d)] what, whatever


hvar [xʷɑːr] where, how, which
'''hvar''' [ʍɑːr] where, how, which


hvardan [ˌxʷɑːrˈdɑːn] how
'''hvardan''' [ˌʍɑːrˈdɑːn] how


hvarför [ˌxʷɑːrˈføːr] what for, why
'''hvarför''' [ˌʍɑːrˈføːr] what for, why


när / hvarnär [næːr] adv. = when, whenever
'''när''' [næːr] / '''hvarnär''' [ˌʍɑːrˈnæːr] when, whenever


hvarledes [ˌxʷɑːrˈleːdəs] how
'''hvarledes''' [ˌʍɑːrˈleːðəs] how


hvem [xʷɛmː] who, whom, which, which one
'''hvem''' [ʍɛmː] who, whom, which, which one


hvo [xʷoː] who
'''hvo''' [ʍoː] who


hvilken [ˈxʷɪlːkən] which, which one, who, whom, what, how Neuter = hvilket; plural = hvilke.
'''hvilken''' [ˈʍɪlːkən] which, which one, who, whom, what, how Neuter = '''hvilket'''; plural = '''hvilke'''.


hvis [xʷiːs] whose, of which, of whom
'''hvis''' [ʍiːs] whose, of which, of whom


===Demonstrative Pronouns===
===Demonstrative Pronouns===
det dɛ that (neuter)
'''det''' [dɛ] that (neuter)


den dɛnː that (common)
'''den''' [dɛnː] that (common)


de deː those (plural)
'''de''' [deː] those (plural)


dette ˈdɛtːə this (neuter)
'''dette''' [ˈdɛtːə] this (neuter)


denne ˈdɛnːə this (common)
'''denne''' [ˈdɛnːə] this (common)


desse ˈdɛsːə these, such (plural
'''desse''' [ˈdɛsːə] these, such (plural)


där dæːr there, over there, at that place, yonder
'''där''' [dæːr] there, over there, at that place, yonder


dit diːt there, thither, yonder, that way, to that place
'''dit''' [diːt] there, thither, yonder, that way, to that place


därfrå ˌdæːrˈfrɔː from there, thence, therefrom
'''därfrå''' [ˌdæːrˈfrɔː] from there, thence, therefrom


då dɔː at that time, in that case, then
'''då''' [dɔː] at that time, in that case, then


her heːr here, herein, this place
'''her''' [heːr] here, herein, this place


hit hiːt hither, here, to this place
'''hit''' [hiːt] hither, here, to this place


===Relative Pronouns===
===Relative Pronouns===
hvad [xʷɑː(d)] what
'''hvad''' [ʍɑː(d)] what


hvardan [ˌxʷɑːrˈdɑːn] as, like, such as
'''hvardan''' [ˌʍɑːrˈdɑːn] as, like, such as


hvarför [ˌxʷɑːrˈføːr] why
'''hvarför''' [ˌʍɑːrˈføːr] why


hvem [xʷɛmː] that
'''hvem''' [ʍɛmː] that


hvilken [ˈxʷɪlːkən] that, which, who, whom. Neuter = hvilket; plural = hvilke.
'''hvilken''' [ˈʍɪlːkən] that, which, who, whom. Neuter = '''hvilket'''; plural = '''hvilke'''.


när [næːr] when, whenever, as
'''när''' [næːr] when, whenever, as


där [dæːr] where, which
'''där''' [dæːr] where, which


den som [dɛnː sɔm] the one that, who
'''den som''' [dɛnː sɔmː] the one that, who


dit [diːt] where
'''dit''' [diːt] where


som [sɔmː] that, which, who, whom
'''som''' [sɔmː] that, which, who, whom


===Other Pronouns and Pronoun-like Determiners===
===Other Pronouns and Pronoun-like Determiners===
all alː all, any, every, everyone
'''all''' [alː] all, any, every, everyone
alle "ˈalːə " all, everyone, any, everybody
 
allesammen ˌalːəˈsamːən everybody, everyone, all of them / you / us, altogether
'''alle''' [ˈalːə] all, everyone, any, everybody
allt alːt all, everything, anything, the lot
 
allting ˌalːˈtɪŋː everything
'''allesammen''' [ˌalːəˈsamːən] everybody, everyone, all of them / you / us, altogether
alltsammen ˌalːtˈsamːən everything
 
annen ˈanːən other, another, others, else. Indefinite common = annen; indefinite neuter = annet; definite = andre.
'''allt''' [alːt] all, everything, anything, the lot
enhver ˌeːnˈxʷeːr peach, every, all, any, anybody, everybody, everyone
 
hver xʷeːr each, every, all the, everybody, everyone
'''allting''' [ˌalːˈtɪŋː] everything
hverandre ˌxʷeːrˈanːdrə each other, one another
 
ingen ˈɪŋːən none, nobody, no one, nothing
'''alltsammen''' [ˌalːtˈsamːən] everything
ingenting ˌɪŋːənˈtɪŋː nothing, naught
 
mange "ˈmaŋːə " Comparative = flere / mangere; superlative = flest / mangest. many, a lot
'''annen''' [ˈanːən] other, another, others, else. Indefinite common = '''annen'''; indefinite neuter = '''annet'''; definite = '''andre'''.
någen ˈnɔːjən any, anybody, anyone, some, somebody, someone, anything, something
 
någet ˈnɔːjət any, anything, some, something
'''enhver''' [ˌeːnˈʍeːr] each, every, all, any, anybody, everybody, everyone
själv ʃɛlːv oneself
 
somme ˈsɔmːə some
'''hver''' [ʍeːr] each, every, all the, everybody, everyone
slik sliːk such
 
'''hverandre''' [ˌʍeːrˈanːdrə] each other, one another
 
'''ingen''' [ˈɪŋːən] none, nobody, no one, nothing. Neuter = '''inget'''; plural = '''inge'''
 
'''ingenting''' [ˌɪŋːənˈtɪŋː] nothing, naught
 
'''mange''' [ˈmaŋːə] Comparative = '''flere / mangere'''; superlative = '''flest / mangest'''. many, a lot
 
'''någen''' [ˈnɔːjən] any, anybody, anyone, some, somebody, someone, anything, something
 
'''någet''' [ˈnɔːjət] any, anything, some, something
 
'''själv''' [ʃɛlːv] oneself
 
'''somme''' [ˈsɔmːə] some
 
'''slik''' [sliːk] such
 
[[Category:Samskandinavisk]]
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