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SamSkandinavisk pronouns: Difference between revisions
→Personal pronouns
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===Personal pronouns=== | ===Personal pronouns=== | ||
The SamSkandinavisk personal pronoun system is very similar to that of Danish, Norwegian-Bokmål and Swedish, and incidentally quite close to English. Pronouns inflect for person, number, and, in the third person singular, gender. Unlike English there is a separate third-person reflexive pronoun '''sig''' (himself, herself, itself, themselves). SamSka also keeps a distinct 2nd person singular '''du''' (you) and '''i''' (you plural), and objective forms of these. Reflexive forms are not used for the first and second person, '''mig''' for example can mean both ''me'' or ''myself''. | The [[SamSkandinavisk]] personal pronoun system is very similar to that of Danish, Norwegian-Bokmål and Swedish, and incidentally quite close to English. Pronouns inflect for person, case, number, and, in the third person singular, gender. Unlike English there is a separate third-person reflexive pronoun '''sig''' (himself, herself, itself, themselves). SamSka also keeps a distinct 2nd person singular '''du''' (you) and '''i''' (you plural), and objective forms of these. Reflexive forms are not used for the first and second person, '''mig''' for example can mean both ''me'' or ''myself''. | ||
====Table of Personal pronouns==== | ====Table of Personal pronouns==== | ||
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| ''vi'' [viː] | | ''vi'' [viː] | ||
| ''oss'' [ɔsː] | | ''oss'' [ɔsː] | ||
| ''vår'' [vɔːr] / ''vårt'' [ | | ''vår'' [vɔːr] / ''vårt'' [vɔːʈ] / ''våre'' [ˈvɔːrə] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd | ! 2nd | ||
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| ''eders'' [ˈeːdəʂ, eːʂ] | | ''eders'' [ˈeːdəʂ, eːʂ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd | ! 3rd Masc. | ||
| ''han'' [hanː] | | ''han'' [hanː] | ||
| ''hanem'' [ˈhɑːnəm] / ''ham'' [hamː] | | ''hanem'' [ˈhɑːnəm] / ''ham'' [hamː] | ||
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|rowspan="5"| ''deres'' [ˈdeːrəs] | |rowspan="5"| ''deres'' [ˈdeːrəs] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd | ! 3rd Fem. | ||
| ''hon'' [hɔnː] | | ''hon'' [hɔnː] | ||
| ''henne'' [ˈhɛnːə] | | ''henne'' [ˈhɛnːə] | ||
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| ''dens'' [dɛnːs] | | ''dens'' [dɛnːs] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd | ! 3rd Neut. | ||
| ''det'' [dɛ] | | ''det'' [dɛ] | ||
| ''det'' [dɛ] | | ''det'' [dɛ] | ||
| ''dets'' [dɛtːs, dɛsː] | | ''dets'' [dɛtːs, dɛsː] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd | ! 3rd Impers. | ||
| ''man'' [manː] | | ''man'' [manː] | ||
| '' | | ''en'' [eːn] | ||
| '' | | ''ens'' [eːns] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! (3rd | ! (3rd Reflex.) | ||
| — | | — | ||
| ''sig'' [seɪ] | | ''sig'' [seɪ] | ||
| ''sin'' [siːn] / ''sitt'' [sɪtː] / ''sine'' [ˈsiːnə] | | ''sin'' [siːn] / ''sitt'' [sɪtː] / ''sine'' [ˈsiːnə] | ||
! (3rd | ! (3rd Reflex) | ||
| — | | — | ||
| ''sig'' [seɪ] | | ''sig'' [seɪ] | ||
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The reflexive pronoun is used when the object or possessive is identical to the grammatical subject of the sentence: '''han kysste sin hustru'''. "he kissed his (own) wife". '''han kysste hans hustru''' "he kissed his (somebody else's) wife" | The reflexive pronoun is used when the object or possessive is identical to the grammatical subject of the sentence: '''han kysste sin hustru'''. "he kissed his (own) wife". '''han kysste hans hustru''' "he kissed his (somebody else's) wife" | ||
'''Man''' the impersonal pronoun is used in a similar way to formal English "one", or more informally "you" or "they". It refers to no one in particular. | '''Man''' the impersonal pronoun is used in a similar way to formal English "one", or more informally "you" or "they". It refers people in general but to no one in particular. | ||
===Interrogative Pronouns=== | ===Interrogative Pronouns=== | ||
'''hvad''' [ | '''hvad''' [ʍɑː(d)] what, whatever | ||
'''hvar''' [ | '''hvar''' [ʍɑːr] where, how, which | ||
'''hvardan''' [ | '''hvardan''' [ˌʍɑːrˈdɑːn] how | ||
'''hvarför''' [ | '''hvarför''' [ˌʍɑːrˈføːr] what for, why | ||
'''när''' [næːr] / '''hvarnär''' [ | '''när''' [næːr] / '''hvarnär''' [ˌʍɑːrˈnæːr] when, whenever | ||
'''hvarledes''' [ | '''hvarledes''' [ˌʍɑːrˈleːðəs] how | ||
'''hvem''' [ | '''hvem''' [ʍɛmː] who, whom, which, which one | ||
'''hvo''' [ | '''hvo''' [ʍoː] who | ||
'''hvilken''' [ | '''hvilken''' [ˈʍɪlːkən] which, which one, who, whom, what, how Neuter = '''hvilket'''; plural = '''hvilke'''. | ||
'''hvis''' [ | '''hvis''' [ʍiːs] whose, of which, of whom | ||
===Demonstrative Pronouns=== | ===Demonstrative Pronouns=== | ||
det [dɛ] that (neuter) | '''det''' [dɛ] that (neuter) | ||
den [dɛnː] that (common) | '''den''' [dɛnː] that (common) | ||
de [deː] those (plural) | '''de''' [deː] those (plural) | ||
dette [ˈdɛtːə] this (neuter) | '''dette''' [ˈdɛtːə] this (neuter) | ||
denne [ˈdɛnːə] this (common) | '''denne''' [ˈdɛnːə] this (common) | ||
desse [ˈdɛsːə] these, such (plural | '''desse''' [ˈdɛsːə] these, such (plural) | ||
där [dæːr] there, over there, at that place, yonder | '''där''' [dæːr] there, over there, at that place, yonder | ||
dit [diːt] there, thither, yonder, that way, to that place | '''dit''' [diːt] there, thither, yonder, that way, to that place | ||
därfrå [ˌdæːrˈfrɔː] from there, thence, therefrom | '''därfrå''' [ˌdæːrˈfrɔː] from there, thence, therefrom | ||
då [dɔː] at that time, in that case, then | '''då''' [dɔː] at that time, in that case, then | ||
her [heːr] here, herein, this place | '''her''' [heːr] here, herein, this place | ||
hit [hiːt] hither, here, to this place | '''hit''' [hiːt] hither, here, to this place | ||
===Relative Pronouns=== | ===Relative Pronouns=== | ||
hvad [ | '''hvad''' [ʍɑː(d)] what | ||
hvardan [ | '''hvardan''' [ˌʍɑːrˈdɑːn] as, like, such as | ||
hvarför [ | '''hvarför''' [ˌʍɑːrˈføːr] why | ||
hvem [ | '''hvem''' [ʍɛmː] that | ||
hvilken [ | '''hvilken''' [ˈʍɪlːkən] that, which, who, whom. Neuter = '''hvilket'''; plural = '''hvilke'''. | ||
när [næːr] when, whenever, as | '''när''' [næːr] when, whenever, as | ||
där [dæːr] where, which | '''där''' [dæːr] where, which | ||
den som [dɛnː | '''den som''' [dɛnː sɔmː] the one that, who | ||
dit [diːt] where | '''dit''' [diːt] where | ||
som [sɔmː] that, which, who, whom | '''som''' [sɔmː] that, which, who, whom | ||
===Other Pronouns and Pronoun-like Determiners=== | ===Other Pronouns and Pronoun-like Determiners=== | ||
all [alː] all, any, every, everyone | '''all''' [alː] all, any, every, everyone | ||
'''alle''' [ˈalːə] all, everyone, any, everybody | |||
'''allesammen''' [ˌalːəˈsamːən] everybody, everyone, all of them / you / us, altogether | |||
'''allt''' [alːt] all, everything, anything, the lot | |||
'''allting''' [ˌalːˈtɪŋː] everything | |||
'''alltsammen''' [ˌalːtˈsamːən] everything | |||
'''annen''' [ˈanːən] other, another, others, else. Indefinite common = '''annen'''; indefinite neuter = '''annet'''; definite = '''andre'''. | |||
'''enhver''' [ˌeːnˈʍeːr] each, every, all, any, anybody, everybody, everyone | |||
'''hver''' [ʍeːr] each, every, all the, everybody, everyone | |||
'''hverandre''' [ˌʍeːrˈanːdrə] each other, one another | |||
'''ingen''' [ˈɪŋːən] none, nobody, no one, nothing. Neuter = '''inget'''; plural = '''inge''' | |||
'''ingenting''' [ˌɪŋːənˈtɪŋː] nothing, naught | |||
'''mange''' [ˈmaŋːə] Comparative = '''flere / mangere'''; superlative = '''flest / mangest'''. many, a lot | |||
'''någen''' [ˈnɔːjən] any, anybody, anyone, some, somebody, someone, anything, something | |||
'''någet''' [ˈnɔːjət] any, anything, some, something | |||
'''själv''' [ʃɛlːv] oneself | |||
'''somme''' [ˈsɔmːə] some | |||
'''slik''' [sliːk] such | |||
[[Category:Samskandinavisk]] | |||