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| 1928 || Coimbra | | 1928 || Coimbra | ||
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== Geographic distribution == | |||
=== Official Status === | |||
Popoma is the official language of [[Verse:Magical Girl's Republic|Magical Girl's Republic]] (previously known as Matriarchy of the Magical Girls) which has a population of 892,313 people (2015). It is also an official language of the Community of Ex-Territories of the MGR ([[Verse:Community of Ex-Territories of the MGR|CETMGR]]) which has a population of 56,242 people (2015). It is also the main language used by the Conventions of the Magical Girl's Order, and in the headquarters/schools of the MGO worldwide. | |||
===Dialects=== | |||
Standard Popoma is the most spoken language by the Magical Girls, but there's two variations on the Popoma language which are very noticeable. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Standard !! Western !! South | |||
|- | |||
| Regular verbs end in vowel+h || Regular verbs end in h || Regular verbs end in vowel+h | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|d}} written as d || {{IPA|ð}} replaces {{IPA|d}}, written as th || {{IPA|d}} written as ť | |||
|- | |||
| ah, ih, oh, uh exist || there's no ah, ih, oh or uh || ah, ih, oh, uh exist | |||
|- | |||
| x || x || when a word ends with a vowel, the sound is either {{IPA|ɐ̝}}, {{IPA|ɔ}}, {{IPA|y}} or{{IPA|ʉ}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|ʁ}} written as rr || {{IPA|ʁ}} written as ř || {{IPA|ʁ}} written as rr | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|tʃ}} written as c || {{IPA|tʃ}} written as c || {{IPA|tʃ}} written as ts | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|ɲ}} written as nh || {{IPA|ɲ}} written as nn || {{IPA|ɲ}} written as nh | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|kx}} written as ǩ || {{IPA|kx}} written as ǩ || {{IPA|kx}} written as kr | |||
|- | |||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Affricates | ! colspan=2 | Affricates | ||
| || || || ''' | | || || || '''c''' {{IPA|tʃ}} || ||'''k̇ ''' {{IPA|kx}} || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Fricatives !! <small>Voiceless</small> | ! rowspan=2 | Fricatives !! <small>Voiceless</small> | ||
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* '''o''' {{IPA|o}} --> '''oh''' {{IPA|ɔ}} | * '''o''' {{IPA|o}} --> '''oh''' {{IPA|ɔ}} | ||
* '''u''' {{IPA|u}} --> '''uh''' {{IPA|ʉ}} | * '''u''' {{IPA|u}} --> '''uh''' {{IPA|ʉ}} | ||
* '''l''' {{IPA|l}} --> '''lh''' {{IPA|ʎ}} | * '''l''' {{IPA|l}} --> '''lh''' {{IPA|ʎ}} | ||
* '''n''' {{IPA|n}} --> '''nh''' {{IPA|ɲ}} | * '''n''' {{IPA|n}} --> '''nh''' {{IPA|ɲ}} | ||
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'''t''' {{IPA|t}} --> '''th''' {{IPA|ð}} | '''t''' {{IPA|t}} --> '''th''' {{IPA|ð}} | ||
This sound replaced the '''d'''{{IPA|d}} sound on the standard and south forms. | This sound replaced the '''d'''{{IPA|d}} sound on the standard and south forms. | ||
==== Other Consonant Clusters ==== | ==== Other Consonant Clusters ==== | ||
This clusters are mostly noticed on spoken part of Popoma, this means that they were formed during the speeching process. This clusters are: | This clusters are mostly noticed on spoken part of Popoma, this means that they were formed during the speeching process. This clusters are: | ||
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=== Adjectives === | === Adjectives === | ||
=== Pronouns === | The adjectives give qualities or defects to the subject (an animal, a person or an object). It deflects in number, degree and politness. There are three types of adjectives in Popoma: | ||
==== Qualifying Adjectives ==== | |||
The only subclass of adjectives that varies on degree and politness, they can appear before or after the noun. This is also the only subclass that antonym-synonym relations. Some examples: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Adjective | |||
! IPA | |||
|- | |||
| q̇orra <small>''"fat"''</small> | |||
| /{{IPA|go.ʁa}}/ | |||
|- | |||
| tolici <small>''"sweet"''</small> | |||
| /{{IPA|to.li.tʃi}}/ | |||
|- | |||
| kalhai <small>''"cute"''</small> | |||
| /{{IPA|ka.ʎai}}/ | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Numeral Adjectives ==== | |||
Gives the numeral part of a subject. It’s the numeral quantifier + -shia suffix | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Digit !! Cardinal !! Adjective | |||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
| unho || unhoshia | |||
|- | |||
!2 | |||
| duo || duoshia | |||
|- | |||
! 3 | |||
| tri || trishia | |||
|- | |||
! 4 | |||
| qatoro || qatoroshia | |||
|- | |||
! 5 | |||
| k̇inoh || k̇inoshia | |||
|- | |||
! 6 | |||
| siza || sizashia | |||
|- | |||
! 7 | |||
| sita || sitashia | |||
|- | |||
! 8 | |||
| ohita || ohitashia | |||
|- | |||
! 9 | |||
| nu̇pho || nu̇phoshia | |||
|- | |||
! 10 | |||
| daż || dażishia | |||
|} | |||
==== Relative Adjectives ==== | |||
Gives the origin, property, goal relations of a subject. There’s no a specific rule for change the subject into an adjective. They appear after the noun. | |||
=== Pronouns & Determinants === | |||
==== Personal Pronouns ==== | ==== Personal Pronouns ==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
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| amamah || {{IPA|amamɐ̝}} | | amamah || {{IPA|amamɐ̝}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== Articles ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Definite | |||
| a || as | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Indefinite | |||
| aho || ahos | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== Adverbs === | === Adverbs === | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 5 | ! 5 | ||
| k̇inoh || [ | | k̇inoh || [kxinɔ] || k̇inokakhu || k̇inozan | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 6 | ! 6 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 10 | ! 10 | ||
| daż || [ | | daż || [daʒ] || dahkakhu || dażan | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 11 | ! 11 | ||
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| sonhani <small>''"much"''</small> || sonhanis <small>''"many"''</small> | | sonhani <small>''"much"''</small> || sonhanis <small>''"many"''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''(doesn't exist)'' || | | ''(doesn't exist)'' || paruci <small>''"various"''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kanari <small>''"quite/plenty"''</small> || kanaris <small>''"quite/plenty"''</small> | | kanari <small>''"quite/plenty"''</small> || kanaris <small>''"quite/plenty"''</small> | ||
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=== Prepositions === | === Prepositions === | ||
Prepositions are one of the easiest things that the language offer, location of something is normally given by the demonstrative (pronoun or determinant). Like the mentioned class of words, prepositions inflect in distance, number and formality. | |||
Propositions also follow a different way of creation from other words. | |||
There are the "prepositional prefixes" those are the beginning of each preposition. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Root Words !! Meaning | |||
|- | |||
| zo || area/place | |||
|- | |||
| ha || altitude | |||
|- | |||
| luro || related to a place | |||
|- | |||
| oi || abstract prepositions | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Prefixes !! Meaning | |||
|- | |||
| ma- || close/near</br>under</br>low | |||
|- | |||
| na- || far</br>high | |||
|- | |||
| a- || in</br>to | |||
|- | |||
| i- || out</br>without | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== Conjunctions === | === Conjunctions === | ||
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=== Formation of the Negative and Interrogative Sentences === | === Formation of the Negative and Interrogative Sentences === | ||
== | == Vocabulary == | ||
== Sample Text == | |||
=== UDHR Article 1 === | |||
[[File:popoma234.png|800px|thumb|center|Article 1 of UDHR in Popoma script]] | |||
'''ARTIKOLO UNHO'''<br> | |||
'''''"Tutis as umanis natoranhos liṗu̇s i u̇qoahas in diq̇itah i in diriti. Amamah ataruranhos di sainoh i di koshiniża, amamah dolhu̇rażinhos koih ahos para koh as outoras in shipirito di phatiri."''''' | |||
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