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Glommish: Difference between revisions
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→Verbs: For consistency with west germanic
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m (→Verbs: For consistency with west germanic) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''gelióved'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''gevarmied'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Other examples: ''orvydien'' 'work'; ''hórien'' 'hear'; ''lyrien'' 'teach'; ''sażen'' 'say'; ''ertalien'' 'tell, recount'; ''ránien'' 'execute, set into motion'; ''bránien'' 'burn (transitive)'; ''lażen'' 'lay'; ''vunszen'' 'wish' | Other examples: ''orvydien'' 'work'; ''hórien'' 'hear'; ''lyrien'' 'teach'; ''sażen'' 'say'; ''ertalien'' 'tell, recount'; ''ránien'' 'execute, set into motion'; ''bránien'' 'burn (transitive)'; ''lażen'' 'lay'; ''vunszen'' 'wish' | ||
Some verbs with velar/palatal stems, e.g. ''brinżen, bráchtie, | Some verbs with velar/palatal stems, e.g. ''brinżen, bráchtie, gebrácht'' 'bring'; ''bużen, buchtie, gebucht'' 'buy'; ''þanczen, þáchtie, geþácht'' - 'think' form a small subclass of soft stem thematic verbs. | ||
====Strong verbs==== | ====Strong verbs==== | ||
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''gebiten'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Also: ''színen, szin, | Also: ''színen, szin, geszinen'' 'shine', ''dríven, driv, gedriven'' 'act', ''klíven, kliv, gekliven'' 'stick, cling', ''smíten, smit, gesmiten'' 'kill', ''vríten, vrit, gevriten'' 'write', ''vríþen, vriþ, gevriþen'' 'weave'. | ||
=====Strong class 2===== | =====Strong class 2===== | ||
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''geczuren'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Also: ''biúden, biód, | Also: ''biúden, biód, gebiuden'' 'offer, bid', ''biúgen, bióg, gebiugen'' 'bow', ''fliúgen, flióg, gefliugen'' 'fly', ''fliún, flió, geflióen'' 'flee, escape', ''friúzen, friór, gefriuren'' 'freeze', ''liúzen, liór, geliuren'' 'lose' | ||
=====Strong class 3===== | =====Strong class 3===== | ||
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''gebiunden'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Also: ''bieżinen, bieżan, bieżunen'' 'begin'; ''briénen, brián, | Also: ''bieżinen, bieżan, bieżunen'' 'begin'; ''briénen, brián, gebriónen'' 'burn (intransitive)'; ''drinken, driank, gedriunken'' 'drink'; ''finden, fiand, gefiunden'' 'find'; ''grinden, griand, gegriunden'' 'grind'; ''riénen, rián, geriónen'' 'flow, run'; ''springen, spriang, gespriungen'' 'jump, burst, explode'; ''simben, siamb, gesiumben'' 'sing'; ''þrimben, þriamb, geþriumben'' 'compel'. | ||
=====Strong class 4===== | =====Strong class 4===== | ||
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''gebiuren'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Also: ''gebiaren, gebiár, gebiuren'' 'give birth', ''briaken, briák, | Also: ''gebiaren, gebiár, gebiuren'' 'give birth', ''briaken, briák, gebriuken'' 'break', ''niamen, niám, geniumen'' 'take', ''piamen, piám, gepiumen'' 'come', ''driasken, driásk, gedriusken'' 'thresh', ''stiarven, stiárv, gestiurven'' 'long (for)', ''sviaren, sviár, gesviuren'' 'swear', ''viarpen, viárp, geviurpen'' 'throw', ''biangen, biáng, gebiungen'' 'to fear' | ||
=====Strong class 5===== | =====Strong class 5===== | ||
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''geżaven'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Also: ''driapen, driáp, | Also: ''driapen, driáp, gedriapen'' 'hit', ''ferżaten, ferżát, ferżaten'' 'forget', ''liazen, liáz, geliazen'' 'read', ''jaten, ját, gejaten'' 'eat'. The verb ''sión, siáv, gesión'' 'see' is irregular. There are also the j-present verbs ''bidien, biád, gebiaden'' 'beg, pray', ''lieżen, liág, geliagen'' 'lie' | ||
=====Strong class 6===== | =====Strong class 6===== | ||
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''gegraven'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Also: ''slagen, slág, | Also: ''slagen, slág, geslagen'' 'to beat, to hit', ''standen, stánd, gestanden'' 'stand', ''vaksen, váks, gevaksen'' 'grow', ''vasken, vásk, gevasken'' 'wash'. | ||
=====Strong class 7===== | =====Strong class 7===== | ||
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''gevist'' | ||
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''geviáren'' | ||
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''gedán'' | ||
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! past participle | ! past participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''geżangen'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
<sup>1</sup> Grammaticalized as a counterfactual marker. | <sup>1</sup> Grammaticalized as a counterfactual marker. | ||