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Voþken: Difference between revisions
→Modal Particles
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|surewyr | |surewyr | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Derivational Suffixes=== | |||
Diminutive suffix: -aryn | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
| Line 418: | Line 421: | ||
|onne | |onne | ||
|onest | |onest | ||
| | |onwest | ||
|onyr | |onyr | ||
|onneyr | |onneyr | ||
| Line 426: | Line 429: | ||
|uððe | |uððe | ||
|uðest | |uðest | ||
| | |uðwest | ||
|uðyr | |uðyr | ||
|uððeyr | |uððeyr | ||
| Line 434: | Line 437: | ||
|itta | |itta | ||
|test | |test | ||
| | |itwest | ||
|tayr | |tayr | ||
|ittayr | |ittayr | ||
| Line 442: | Line 445: | ||
|suþþe | |suþþe | ||
|suþest | |suþest | ||
| | |suþwest | ||
|suþyr | |suþyr | ||
|suþþeyr | |suþþeyr | ||
| Line 734: | Line 737: | ||
|ayðyind | |ayðyind | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Hodiernal Tenses=== | |||
Hodiernal tenses in Voþken were previously pure hodiernal tenses referring to current day (present hodiernal), earlier in the day (past hodiernal), and later in the day (future hodiernal). Eventually the scope of both the past and future hodiernal tenses became wider and now refers exclusively to yesterday and tomorrow. | |||
====Register Split==== | |||
Since the temporal widening of the hodiernal case, the words corresponding to the time periods that the hodiernal tenses refer to have lost usage in the upper parts of Voþ societies and a register split has occurred where using the hodiernal conjugations are looked at as elegant proper speech. | |||
===Passive=== | ===Passive=== | ||
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|He must have drank the water. | |He must have drank the water. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |loy | ||
|Polite Permission | |Polite Permission | ||
|On | |On loy sun þray? | ||
|Might I leave? | |Might I leave? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 771: | Line 779: | ||
|I can run. | |I can run. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |loy | ||
|Possibility | |Possibility | ||
|On | |On loy noyk. | ||
|I could fall. | |I could fall. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 781: | Line 789: | ||
|I may leave. | |I may leave. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |veh | ||
|Permission | |Permission | ||
|Kyað onest | |Kyað onest veh voy þray? | ||
|May I drink the water? | |May I drink the water? | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | {| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | ||
!rowspan="2"|Digit | !rowspan="2"|Digit | ||
!colspan="6"|Powers of | !rowspan="2"|Ancient Glyph | ||
!rowspan="2"|Modern Glyph | |||
!colspan="6"|Powers of 5 | |||
|- | |- | ||
!5^0 | !5^0 | ||
| Line 940: | Line 950: | ||
!5^4 | !5^4 | ||
!5^5 | !5^5 | ||
|- | |||
|0 | |||
|[[File:NUM rukya ancient.svg|20px]] | |||
|[[File:NUM rukya.svg|20px]] | |||
|rukya | |||
|colspan="5"| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|1 | |1 | ||
|[[File:NUM gad ancient.svg|20px]] | |||
|[[File:NUM gad.svg|20px]] | |||
|gad | |gad | ||
|gadur | |gadur | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|2 | |2 | ||
|[[File:NUM þes ancient.svg|20px]] | |||
|[[File:NUM þes.svg|20px]] | |||
|þes | |þes | ||
|þesur | |þesur | ||
| Line 958: | Line 978: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|3 | |3 | ||
|[[File:NUM syk ancient.svg|20px]] | |||
|[[File:NUM syk.svg|20px]] | |||
|syk | |syk | ||
|sykur | |sykur | ||
| Line 966: | Line 988: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|4 | |4 | ||
|[[File:NUM wyk ancient.svg|20px]] | |||
|[[File:NUM wyk.svg|20px]] | |||
|wyk | |wyk | ||
|wykur | |wykur | ||
| Line 972: | Line 996: | ||
|wykira | |wykira | ||
|wykurþa | |wykurþa | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Mathematics== | ==Mathematics== | ||
All math expressions are read from right to left just as the orthography is read. | |||
''Operators'' | ''Operators'' | ||
| Line 992: | Line 1,009: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|addition | |addition | ||
| | | | ||
[[File:OP hes.svg|20px]] | |||
|hes | |hes | ||
|and | |and | ||
|- | |- | ||
|subtraction | |subtraction | ||
| | |[[File:OP vat.svg|20px]] | ||
|vat | |vat | ||
|take | |take | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Unary Minus | |Unary Minus | ||
| | |[[File:OP isna.svg|20px]] | ||
|isna | |isna | ||
|debt | |debt | ||
| Line 1,017: | Line 1,035: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|equate | |equate | ||
| | |[[File:OP twac.svg|20px]] | ||
|twac | |twac | ||
|same, equal | |same, equal | ||
|- | |- | ||
|exponentiate | |exponentiate | ||
| | |[[File:FIG_logExpTriangle.svg|80px]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|logarithm | |logarithm | ||
| | |[[File:FIG_logExpTriangle.svg|80px]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,033: | Line 1,051: | ||
=Sample Texts= | =Sample Texts= | ||
<b>Onyr ðoþ onest guweð.</b><br> | |||
1-GEN destiny-ABS 1-ERG see-FUT<br> | |||
'You will see your doom/destiny.'<br> | |||
[ʊ.nɪɹ ðʊθ ʊ.nɛst gu.wɛð]<br> | |||
<b>Dac kwenð goþ ittest ciet.</b><br> | |||
PREP-INSTR bad person-ABS 3PL-ERG oppress-PERF<br> | |||
'They were oppressed by the bad person.'<br> | |||
[dæʃ kwɛnð gʊθ it.tɛst ʃi.ɛt]<br> | |||
<b>Nydfirs onest cosdwa cwelet, ledah firs onest cwel þwi, hes þyufirs onest kiþ cweleð.</b><br> | |||
Lastday-ABS 1-ERG long-ADV run-PERF, this day-ABS 1-ERG run NEG, and nextday-ABS 1-ERG again run-FUT<br> | |||
'Yesterday I ran far, today I did not run, and tomorrow I will run again.'<br> | |||
[nɪd.fiɹz ʊ.nɛst ʃʊz.dwæ ʃwɛl.ɛt lɛ.dæx fiɹz ʊ.nɛst ʃwɛl θwi xɛs θju.fiɹz kiθ ʃwɛl.ɛð]<br> | |||
[[Category: Languages]][[Category: A priori]][[Category: Voþken]][[Category: Ergative-absolutive languages]] | |||