1,279
edits
Voþken: Difference between revisions
→Modal Particles
| (16 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 399: | Line 399: | ||
|surewyr | |surewyr | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Derivational Suffixes=== | |||
Diminutive suffix: -aryn | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
| Line 418: | Line 421: | ||
|onne | |onne | ||
|onest | |onest | ||
| | |onwest | ||
|onyr | |onyr | ||
|onneyr | |onneyr | ||
| Line 426: | Line 429: | ||
|uððe | |uððe | ||
|uðest | |uðest | ||
| | |uðwest | ||
|uðyr | |uðyr | ||
|uððeyr | |uððeyr | ||
| Line 434: | Line 437: | ||
|itta | |itta | ||
|test | |test | ||
| | |itwest | ||
|tayr | |tayr | ||
|ittayr | |ittayr | ||
| Line 442: | Line 445: | ||
|suþþe | |suþþe | ||
|suþest | |suþest | ||
| | |suþwest | ||
|suþyr | |suþyr | ||
|suþþeyr | |suþþeyr | ||
| Line 734: | Line 737: | ||
|ayðyind | |ayðyind | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Hodiernal Tenses=== | |||
Hodiernal tenses in Voþken were previously pure hodiernal tenses referring to current day (present hodiernal), earlier in the day (past hodiernal), and later in the day (future hodiernal). Eventually the scope of both the past and future hodiernal tenses became wider and now refers exclusively to yesterday and tomorrow. | |||
====Register Split==== | |||
Since the temporal widening of the hodiernal case, the words corresponding to the time periods that the hodiernal tenses refer to have lost usage in the upper parts of Voþ societies and a register split has occurred where using the hodiernal conjugations are looked at as elegant proper speech. | |||
===Passive=== | ===Passive=== | ||
| Line 761: | Line 769: | ||
|He must have drank the water. | |He must have drank the water. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |loy | ||
|Polite Permission | |Polite Permission | ||
|On | |On loy sun þray? | ||
|Might I leave? | |Might I leave? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 771: | Line 779: | ||
|I can run. | |I can run. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |loy | ||
|Possibility | |Possibility | ||
|On | |On loy noyk. | ||
|I could fall. | |I could fall. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 781: | Line 789: | ||
|I may leave. | |I may leave. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |veh | ||
|Permission | |Permission | ||
|Kyað onest | |Kyað onest veh voy þray? | ||
|May I drink the water? | |May I drink the water? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 988: | Line 996: | ||
|wykira | |wykira | ||
|wykurþa | |wykurþa | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 1,053: | Line 1,051: | ||
=Sample Texts= | =Sample Texts= | ||
<b>Onyr ðoþ onest guweð.</b><br> | |||
1-GEN destiny-ABS 1-ERG see-FUT<br> | |||
'You will see your doom/destiny.'<br> | |||
[ʊ.nɪɹ ðʊθ ʊ.nɛst gu.wɛð]<br> | |||
<b>Dac kwenð goþ ittest ciet.</b><br> | |||
PREP-INSTR bad person-ABS 3PL-ERG oppress-PERF<br> | |||
'They were oppressed by the bad person.'<br> | |||
[dæʃ kwɛnð gʊθ it.tɛst ʃi.ɛt]<br> | |||
<b>Nydfirs onest cosdwa cwelet, ledah firs onest cwel þwi, hes þyufirs onest kiþ cweleð.</b><br> | |||
Lastday-ABS 1-ERG long-ADV run-PERF, this day-ABS 1-ERG run NEG, and nextday-ABS 1-ERG again run-FUT<br> | |||
'Yesterday I ran far, today I did not run, and tomorrow I will run again.'<br> | |||
[nɪd.fiɹz ʊ.nɛst ʃʊz.dwæ ʃwɛl.ɛt lɛ.dæx fiɹz ʊ.nɛst ʃwɛl θwi xɛs θju.fiɹz kiθ ʃwɛl.ɛð]<br> | |||
[[Category: Languages]][[Category: A priori]][[Category: Voþken]][[Category: Ergative-absolutive languages]] | |||