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Riagi: Difference between revisions
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
==== ''Cases'' ==== | ==== ''Cases'' ==== | ||
Riagi has a system of dual noun cases where one marks the syntactic role and the other the semantic role | |||
=====Argument Cases===== | |||
Argument cases are cases which mark the different arguments on a sentence. | |||
* Nominative ({{smallcaps|nom}}) | |||
*: Marks the agent of a transitive verb and the active subject of an intransitive verb | |||
* Absolutive ({{smallcaps|abs}}) | |||
*: Marks the object of a transitive verb and the passive subject of an intransitive verb | |||
* Dative ({{smallcaps|dat}}) | |||
*: Marks the indirect objects of a verb | |||
=====Thematic Cases===== | |||
Thematic cases are cases which mark the thematic relations between each of the arguments on a sentence. | |||
*Agentive ({{smallcaps| - }}) | |||
*: Marks the entity which carries out the action, this theme is exclusive to the nominative case. | |||
*Patientive ({{smallcaps|pat}}) | |||
*: Marks the patient or theme, that is the entity that undergoes the action | |||
*Instrumental ({{smallcaps|ins}}) | |||
*: Marks the instrument or entity with which the action was carried out, this can be a tool or a person. | |||
*Locative ({{smallcaps|loc}}) | |||
*: Marks the location or time at which the action was performed | |||
*Benefactive ({{smallcaps|ben}}) | |||
*: Marks the entity for whose benefit the action occurs, this includes recipients with verbs that express change of possession | |||
*Origative ({{smallcaps|ori}}) | |||
*: Marks the place, time, motive or cause from which the action originated | |||
*Metative ({{smallcaps|met}}) | |||
*: Marks the direction, purpose or objective towards which the action aims | |||
=====Declensions===== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
! Case | ! Case | ||
! '''Agentive''' | |||
! '''Patientive''' | |||
! '''Instrumental''' | |||
! '''Locative''' | |||
! '''Benefactive''' | |||
! '''Origative''' | |||
! '''Metative''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Case | ! Case | ||
! Affix | ! Affix | ||
! '''-ø''' | |||
! '''-o''' | |||
! '''-oe''' | |||
! '''-ae''' | |||
! '''-a''' | |||
! '''-i''' | |||
! '''-ui''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! '''Nominative''' | |||
! '''-ø''' | |||
| ø | | ø | ||
| -o | | -o | ||
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| -ui | | -ui | ||
|- | |- | ||
! '''Absolutive''' | |||
! '''-t''' | |||
| - | | - | ||
| -to | | -to | ||
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| -tui | | -tui | ||
|- | |- | ||
! '''Dative''' | |||
! '''-m''' | |||
| - | | - | ||
| -mo | | -mo | ||
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| -mui | | -mui | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== | ==== ''Number'' ==== | ||
* | Riagi has number marking for both count and mass nouns | ||
*: | *Singular ({{smallcaps|sg}}) | ||
* | *:The singular form is the default number for count nouns, it indicates a single element (i.e. A pen. A book) | ||
*: | *Singulative ({{smallcaps|svg}}) | ||
* | *:The singulative form marks a single unit of a mass noun, the unit is culturally and contextually determined (i.e. A drop of water. A grain of salt) | ||
*: | *Collective ({{smallcaps|col}}) | ||
* | *:The collective form is the default number for mass nouns (i.e. Water. Salt) | ||
*: | *Plural or Plurative ({{smallcaps|pl}}) | ||
*:The plural or plurative form marks both a group of countable nouns and a group of mass nouns (i.e. Pens. Books. Waters. Salts) | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! Singular !! Singulative !! Collective !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
| -ø || -ʔe || -ø || -ʔo | |||
|} | |||
''Number is marked after cases'' | |||
=== Verbs === | === Verbs === | ||