Roshterian/Proto-Roshterian: Difference between revisions

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'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]].
'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Talmic languages|Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken.


*stress shift to penultimate (endings have not dropped completely yet)
**yields Modern Roshterian ultimate stress
*Old Irishy allomorphy
==Some words==
==Some words==
*φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *hlatnə > Roshterian laaṉ
*φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"
*tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejθ, tejs- > Roshterian ṯeit, ṯeis-
*tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"
*bonditejθi, bondejθi "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > Roshterian breit, breiti- "woman"
*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman"
*soliθe > OR höliθe "5" > Roshterian helit, lite-
*soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-
*kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)
*snuwem "round" > OR nǖ "fat" > ṉii "big"
*mārom "tree" > OR miəro "tree" > miar
*dēdī > dēdii "tears" > ḏeeḏ
*gwaθwā > baṱu "throat" > batu
*nā > ṋiə "I" > nia
*som, sam > hum "he"
*sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof
*sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ
*Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Vowels===
a e i o u ə ö ü ā ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw
ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
|+ Old Roshterian reconstructed consonants
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
Line 19: Line 30:
!  |Dental
!  |Dental
!  |Alveolar
!  |Alveolar
!  |Medial
!  |Palatal
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Velar
!  |Labiovelar
!  |Uvular
!  |Uvular
!  |Labiouvular
!  |Glottal
!  |Glottal
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| *m
| *m
|colspan=2| *n
| *ṋ
|
| *n
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 39: Line 49:
! |<small>voiceless</small>
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| *p
| *p
| *ṱ
| *t
|
|  
|  
| *t
|
| *k
| *k
|
| *q
| *q
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
! |<small>voiced</small>
| *b
| *b
| *ḓ
| *d
|  
|  
| *d
|  
|  
| *g
| *g
|
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 61: Line 69:
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>voiceless</small>
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| *φ
|  
| *θ
|  
| *s
| *s
| *σ
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|
| *χw
| *h
| *h
|-
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
! |<small>voiced</small>
|  
|  
| *δ
|  
|  
|  
|  
|*ζ
|  
|  
|  
|  
|rowspan="2"| *ʁ
|rowspan="2"|*ʁ
|rowspan="2"| *ʁʷ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Resonant
! colspan="2" |Resonant
| *w
| *ḽ
| *l, *r
|  
|  
| *l
| *y
| *r
| *j
|  
|  
| *w
|   
|   
|}
|}


===Vowels===
The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched.
 
===Stress===
The initial stress in Proto-Talmic had shifted to penultimate by Pre-Roshterian. (becomes ultimate stress in Roshterian after final vowels are deleted)
 
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
Case? Maybe just absolute/construct
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
|+ ''ḽatnə'' 'seed'
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Construct
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
| ''ḽatnai'' || ''ḽatnə'' || ''hēḽatnə''
|}
 
Nouns also have an ''incorporated form'' or an ''incorporandum'', used when the noun is used in noun incorporation.
<!--
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Possessed forms
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>Possessor↓
!style="width: 100px;"|Singular
!style="width: 100px;"|Plural
|-
!|my
|''weinyn''||''uweinyn''
|-
!|thy
|''weinys''||''uweinys''
|-
!|his/her (3)
|''weinyti''||''uweinyti''
|-
!|its (3)
|''weinyt''||''uweinyt''
|-
!|our (exc)
|''weinym''||''uweinym''
|-
!|our (inc)
|''weinys̱''||''uweinys̱''
|-
!|your (pl)
|''weinyc''||''uweinyc''
|-
!|their (3)
|''weinytu''||''uweinytu''
|-
!|(4)
|''weinypi''||''uweinypi''
|}
-->
 
===Verbs===
The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages].
 
===Pronouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|+
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|''*ṋiə''
|''*iəm''
|-
!|1 + 2
|
|''???''
|-
!|2
|''*wēr''
|''???''
|-
!|3 (masculine)
|''*hum''
|rowspan="3"|''???''
|-
!|3 (feminine)
|''*hī''
|-
!|3 (inanimate)
|''*he''
|-
!|4 (obviative)
|colspan="2"| ''*pī''
|}
 
 


[[Category:Roshterian]]
[[Category:Roshterian]]

Latest revision as of 19:55, 31 December 2021

Old Roshterian is the reconstructed intermediate stage between Proto-Talmic and Roshterian. It was spoken approximately at the same time Thensarian was spoken.

Some words

  • φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"
  • tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"
  • bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman"
  • soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-
  • kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)
  • snuwem "round" > OR nǖ "fat" > ṉii "big"
  • mārom "tree" > OR miəro "tree" > miar
  • dēdī > dēdii "tears" > ḏeeḏ
  • gwaθwā > baṱu "throat" > batu
  • nā > ṋiə "I" > nia
  • som, sam > hum "he"
  • sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof
  • sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ
  • Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings

Phonology

Vowels

a e i o u ə ö ü ā ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw

ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Medial Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal *m *ṋ *n
Plosive voiceless *p *ṱ *t *k *q
voiced *b *ḓ *d *g
Fricative voiceless *s *σ *h
voiced *ζ *ʁ
Resonant *w *ḽ *l, *r *y

The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched.

Stress

The initial stress in Proto-Talmic had shifted to penultimate by Pre-Roshterian. (becomes ultimate stress in Roshterian after final vowels are deleted)

Morphology

Nouns

Case? Maybe just absolute/construct

ḽatnə 'seed'
Construct Singular Plural
ḽatnai ḽatnə hēḽatnə

Nouns also have an incorporated form or an incorporandum, used when the noun is used in noun incorporation.

Verbs

The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages].

Pronouns

Singular Plural
1 *ṋiə *iəm
1 + 2 ???
2 *wēr ???
3 (masculine) *hum ???
3 (feminine) *hī
3 (inanimate) *he
4 (obviative) *pī
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