Roshterian/Proto-Roshterian: Difference between revisions

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'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]].

'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Talmic languages|Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken.

*stress shift to penultimate (endings have not dropped completely yet)

**yields Modern Roshterian ultimate stress

*Old Irishy allomorphy

*''ā'' > ''iə''

==Some words==

*φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"

*tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"

*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > ~~breit~~, ~~breiti~~- "woman"

*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman"

*soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-

*kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)

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*nā > ṋiə "I" > nia

*som, sam > hum "he"

*sausmam > ~~hauma~~ "moon" > ~~hoom~~

*sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof

*sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ

*Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings

==Phonology==

===Vowels===

~~More vowels than Proto-Talmic~~; ~~has front rounded vowels~~

a e i o u ə ö ü ā ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw

ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL

===Consonants===

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"

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|

|}

The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched.

===Stress===

The initial stress in Proto-Talmic had shifted to penultimate by Pre-Roshterian. (becomes ultimate stress in Roshterian after final vowels are deleted)

==Morphology==

===Nouns===

Case?

Case? Maybe just absolute/construct

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"

|+ ''~~weiny-~~'' '~~brother~~'

|+ ''ḽatnə'' 'seed'

|-

! style="width: 100px;" | ~~Combining~~

! style="width: 100px;" | Construct

! style="width: 100px;" | Singular

! style="width: 100px;" | Plural

|-

| ''~~weiny-~~'' || ''~~wein~~'' || ''~~uwein~~''

| ''ḽatnai'' || ''ḽatnə'' || ''hēḽatnə''

|}

Nouns also have an ''incorporated form'' or an ''incorporandum'', used when the noun is used in noun incorporation.

<!--

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"

|+Possessed forms

Line 146:

Line 153:

|''weinypi''||''uweinypi''

|}

-->

===Verbs===

The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages].

===Pronouns===

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]].
+'''Old Roshterian''' is the reconstructed intermediate stage between [[Talmic languages|Proto-Talmic]] and [[Roshterian]]. It was spoken approximately at the same time [[Thensarian]] was spoken.
-*stress shift to penultimate (endings have not dropped completely yet)
-**yields Modern Roshterian ultimate stress
-*Old Irishy allomorphy
-*''ā'' > ''iə''
 ==Some words==
 *φlat-nəm "seed" > Old Roshterian *ḽatnə > laaṉ "child (offspring)"
 *tekts "child" > Old Roshterian *tejṱ, tejs- > ṯeit, ṯeis- "child (young human)"
-*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > breit, breiti- "woman"
+*bonditejṱiə, bondejṱiə, bnejṱiə "child-bearer, child-rearer, babysitter" > bleit, bleiti- "woman"
 *soliθe > OR höḽiṱe "5" > helit, lite-
 *kabnənts > OR kabrəṋs "woman" > (lost)
@@ Line 17: / Line 13: @@
 *nā > ṋiə "I" > nia
 *som, sam > hum "he"
-*sausmam > hauma "moon" > hoom
+*sausmam > haufa "moon" > hoof
 *sk, st > ść, st > OR sṱ, st > st, s̱ṯ
+*Final -s, -m, -r had been deleted in endings
 ==Phonology==
 ===Vowels===
-More vowels than Proto-Talmic; has front rounded vowels
+a e i o u ə ö ü ā ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ iə uə aj ej öj uj iw
+ȫ > aa in later Roshterian; aa also emerges from CL
 ===Consonants===
 {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 |
 |}
+The "medial" consonants were retroflex, sje-like or bunched.
+===Stress===
+The initial stress in Proto-Talmic had shifted to penultimate by Pre-Roshterian. (becomes ultimate stress in Roshterian after final vowels are deleted)
 ==Morphology==
 ===Nouns===
-Case?
+Case? Maybe just absolute/construct
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
-|+ ''weiny-'' 'brother'
+|+ ''ḽatnə'' 'seed'
 |-
-! style="width: 100px;" | Combining
+! style="width: 100px;" | Construct
 ! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
 !  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
 |-
-| ''weiny-'' || ''wein'' || ''uwein''
+| ''ḽatnai'' || ''ḽatnə'' || ''hēḽatnə''
 |}
+Nouns also have an ''incorporated form'' or an ''incorporandum'', used when the noun is used in noun incorporation.
+<!--
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
 |+Possessed forms
@@ Line 146: / Line 153: @@
 |''weinypi''||''uweinypi''
 |}
+-->
 ===Verbs===
+The process of attaching preverbs such as prepositions to verbs was productive in Proto-Talmic, which then was repurposed for applicatives and for noun incorporation in Old Roshterian [unlike in Thensarian which took a path more akin to IE languages].
 ===Pronouns===
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"